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1. Strategic Tillage Effects on Crop Yield and Soil Properties and Dryland Crop RotationsThis study evaluated strategic tillage (ST) to control HR weeds and improve crop yields in an otherwise long-term no-till (NT) soil. Treatments were five crop rotations: 1) continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (WW); 2) wheat-fallow (WF); 3) wheat-sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)-fallow (WSF); 4) continuous sorghum (SS); and 5) sorghum-fallow (SF) as main plots. The sub-plot were reduced tillage (RT), continuous NT, and ST of NT. Results showed tillage (ST or RT)... A. Obour, J. Holman, L. Simon, A. Schlegel |
2. Long-term Forage Rotation Yields, Soil Water Use, and ProfitabilityForages are important for the region’s livestock industry and are becoming increasingly important as irrigation capacity and grain prices decrease. Forages require less water than grain crops and may allow for increasing cropping system intensification and opportunistic cropping. A study was initiated in 2012 at the Southwest Research-Extension Center near Garden City, KS, comparing several 1-, 3-, and 4-year forage rotations with no-tillage and minimum-tillage. Data presented are from 2013... J. Holman, A. Obour, A. Schlegel, L. Simon |
3. Long-term Cover Crop Effects on Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen Stocks, and Water Stable Aggregates in the Semiarid Central Great PlainsGrowing cover crops (CC) in semiarid dryland cropping systems in the central Great Plains (CGP) may provide several benefits to soil health. This study examined long-term CC management effects on soil health in a no-till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)–fallow (WSF) cropping system in southwestern Kansas. The experimental design was a split-split-plot randomized complete block with four replications. Main plots were... L. Simon, A. Obour, J. Holman, K. Roozeboom |
4. Utilizing Long-term Organic Amendments to Improve Soil Health in Semi-arid, Grazed GrasslandsDetermining soil health changes associated with long-term land application of organic amendments, such as biosolids, is important for understanding and improving overall environmental health. In 1991, a single application of biosolids were surface applied (treatment rate: 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 21, or 30 Mg ha−1) to a semi-arid grazed grassland. In 2002, a repeated application of biosolids were surface applied at the same rate to ½ of all plots. In 2018, soil samples were obtained from 0-15... C. Buchanan, J. Ippolito |
5. Nitrogen Availability Following Cover Crops in TX Cropping SystemsCover crops have been heavily promoted to improve soil health and function in US agricultural productions systems. Within semi-arid environments, interest in cover crops continues to grow although several concerns hinder adoption. As soil water use by cover crops is often a chief concern, nutrient availability to subsequent crops is also a concern. The objective of this study was to measure soil chemical and biological properties following various cover crops in a continuous cotton system under... P. Delaune, K. Lewis, P. Mubvumba |
6. Nutrient Partitioning Changes in the Past 30 Years of Cotton ProductionModern cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars are more compact and efficient due to optimization of genetics and changed management practices in the past 30 years. The most recent work evaluating nutrient uptake by cotton was done in early 1990s, hence a need to re-evaluate the nutrient accumulation and requirements in modern high productivity cultivars. The objective of this study was to compare the resource allocation of modern cotton cultivars (PM HS26, FM 958, and DP 1646)... I.B. Pabuayon, G. Ritchie, K. Lewis |
7. Optimizing Irrigation and Fertilizer Management in Cotton to Increase Nitrogen Use EfficiencyNitrogen (N) fertilizer is an important nutrient in cotton production, and if the optimal amount is not applied yield penalty may occur (Hutmacher et al. 2004). A more efficient application of N fertilizer based on plant N requirements, soil texture, and N availability can increase cotton yield and N-use efficiency (NUE). The main objective of this research was to determine the relationship between cotton lint yield and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) across multiple irrigation levels,... A. Bumguardner, T. Wheeler, K. Lewis |
8. Nitrogen Management in Conservation Systems to Increase Use Efficiency and Cotton ProductionConservation management practices like no-tillage and cover crops have the potential to reduce wind erosion and stimulate ecosystem service, but lingering doubts regarding nutrient immobilization and water usage may limit their adoption on the Texas High Plains. A study was initiated at the Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and Extension Systems (AG-CARES) in Lamesa, TX to examine the impact of supplemental nitrogen (N) fertilization on cotton yields and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)... J. Burke, D. Kelley, K. Lewis |
9. Conservation Management and Nitrogen Fertilization to Enhance Soil Chemical and Biological PropertiesCover crops and no-tillage are increasing in use across Texas. On the Southern High Plains (SHP) these practices are important mitigators of wind erosion and are suggested to increase soil health and other positive soil attributes. This study aimed to monitor and evaluate the soil chemical and biological changes that occur shortly after implementing conservation practices and nitrogen management strategies on the SHP. It was determined that in the short term some soil chemical and biological... M. Mcdonald, P. Delaune, T. Gentry, K. Lewis |
10. Relationship Between Plant Nitrogen and NDVI of Cotton on the Texas High PlainsNitrogen (N) is one of the most limiting factors in Texas High Plains cotton production (Bronson et al., 2001). Nitrogen build-up in cotton is near maximum for the season at first open boll, when leaf senescence begins (Li et al., 2001). Lint yield response to N is difficult to predict due to N response relying on water management and initial soil nitrate (NO3--N) (Morrow and Krieg, 1990). Normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) is a tool that has been used to manage... A. Bumguardner, K. Lewis, G. Ritchie, K. Bronson, M. Maeda |
11. Snapshot of Crop Nutrient Balance with Use of a Rye Cover Crop in a Corn-soybean Rotation Under Tile Drainage in Eastern South DakotaThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of using a winter rye cover crop within a corn/soybean rotation (rye seeded every fall and burned down each spring) on drainage water quality, crop nutrient status, and grain yield. Use of a winter rye cover crop to take up available N from the soil profile is a management tool that may help to lessen nutrient movement out of the soil profile while at the same time contributing to improved soil health. Winter rye is very winter hardy... P. Sexton, S. Kumar, S. Osborne, B. Brockmueller, A. Bly, B. Rops, A. Bawa, S. Bauder, J. Mcmaine |
12. Soil Health Comparison in Organic and Conventional Cotton-Peanut Rotations in the Texas Plains RegionOrganic farming has been increasingly adopted in the Texas High Plains (THP), but restrictions on synthetic fertilizer use may be problematic if a system cannot mineralize sufficient nutrients from organic matter breakdown to meet crop needs. Cover crops are a tool utilized by both organic and conventional producers for nutrient management, weed control and soil conservation. A one-year study was conducted in organic peanuts in Lubbock and Vernon, TX, to assess the ability of cover crops... N. Boogades, K. Lewis, T. Gentry, P. Delaune, L.M. Ellman-stortz |
13. Soil Properties Affected by Grazing and Tillage of Annual ForagesNo-till (NT) management of annual crop production systems increases precipitation capture and storage. However, compaction with annual livestock grazing and the development of herbicide resistant weeds present challenges to long-term NT. An on-farm study was established in 2016 near Jetmore, KS to investigate the influence of annual tillage with a sweep plow compared to NT in a grazed continuous winter triticale production system. Forage productivity as well as weed density and soil properties... P. Mauler, J. Holman , A. Obour , L. Simon, K. Roozeboom |
14. Soil Health and Cotton Production in the Semi-arid Texas High PlainsSoil health has become a ubiquitous term in agriculture, but little is known about the impact of cropping system management on soil health metrics in semi-arid regions because of the majority of research has been conducted in humid or sub-humid regions of the United States. As a leading commodity of the semi-arid Southwest, cotton is an ideal candidate for soil health review. The purpose of this study was to assess a proposed set of soil health metrics in cotton production on the semi-arid Texas... J. Burke, K. Lewis, P. Delaune |
15. Soil Properties and Winter Wheat Nutrient Uptake As Affected by Long-term Tillage and Nitrogen FertilizationKnowledge gained on the long-term effects of crop management practices on soil fertility is critical in developing nutrient management strategies to optimize crop yields and environmental sustainability in semi-arid cropping systems. This study examined the long-term effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer management and tillage intensity [conventional tillage (CT), and no-tillage (NT)] on soil properties and nutrient uptake in a dryland wheat-sorghum-fallow cropping system. Results showed winter wheat... A. Obour, J. Holman, L. Simon, Y.M. Assefa |
16. Summer Annual Legumes: Yield Potential and Water UseDue to the decline of the Ogalla Aquifer and reduced irrigation capacity, there is a growing interest in more water-efficient cropping systems in the semi-arid central Great Plains. One of the most water-intense crops grown on the semi-arid central Great Plains is alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Alfalfa is grown for its nutritive value and protein, which is highly desired by cow/calf, feed yards, and dairies of the central and southern Great Plains. The purpose of this study was to evaluate... J. Holman, N. Detter, A. Obour, L. Haag, K. Roozeboom |
17. Subsurface Drip Fertigation Impacts on Nutrient Uptake and Partitioning in CottonSubsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is becoming a popular option for maximizing the water use efficiency of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), especially in semi-arid environments of the Midsouth and Western United States. In the Texas High Plains where underground water resources from the Ogallala Aquifer are rapidly declining, there is increased adoption of water conservation technologies like center pivot and drip irrigation. In addition to increased water efficiency, drip irrigation allows... H.L. Valencia, J. Burke, T. Bennett, K. Lewis |
18. Nitrogen Management in Semi-arid Conservation Cotton Production SystemsThe Southern High Plains (SHP) region of Texas is one of the largest cotton-producing regions in the United States. Cotton production is hindered by climatic conditions and wind erosion, but attempts have been made to adopt conservation management practices like cover crops and crop rotations to limit these effects. Conservation management practices can reduce a soil’s susceptibility to wind erosion, but their adoption has been limited on the SHP due to producers’ concerns regarding... J. Burke, K. Lewis, W. Keeling, W. Keeling |
19. Developing Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertigation Strategies in CottonSubsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is becoming a popular option for maximizing the water use efficiency of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), especially in semi-arid environments of the Midsouth and Western United States. In the Texas High Plains where underground water resources from the Ogallala Aquifer are rapidly declining, there is increased adoption of water conservation technologies like center pivot and drip irrigation. In addition to increased water efficiency, drip irrigation allows... K. Lewis, H. Valencia, T. Roberts, J. Burke, G. Ritchie |
20. Relationship Between Soil Health and Nutrient Availability in Semi-arid Cotton ProductionThe use of conservation management practices, like cover crops and no-tillage, is common in semi-arid cropping systems to reduce wind erosion. However, the use of these practices can also reduce cotton lint yield. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of nitrogen (N) management in conservation cropping systems to increase cotton lint yield. Two experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and Extension Systems in Lamesa, TX, USA. The first experiment... J. Burke, K. Lewis, J. Foster |
21. Carbon and Nutrient Dynamics in Regenerative Cotton Production Systems of the Texas Southern High PlainsCarbon (C) sequestration in soil provides environmental and agronomic benefits. However, building soil C in semi-arid cotton systems is difficult due to low rainfall, low biomass production and high temperatures. Regenerative systems, which utilize practices such as cover cropping and crop rotation, can increase the amount of C input in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production systems, but they may increase C losses via carbon dioxide (CO2) due to increased respiration from soil... N. Boogades, K. Lewis, C. Cobos, J. Burke, P. Delaune |
22. Double Cropping Wheat System Effects on Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activity Related to Nitrogen and Phosphorous Cycling Across TexasConventional management of agricultural systems can threaten soil health by contributing to soil erosion, soil carbon loss, and inefficient water use in crop production. Cover crops and conservation tillage have been reported to improve soil health, but the additional planting and maintenance comes at an additional cost. Double-cropping systems have the potential to mitigate that cost by providing producers a secondary crop with an additional source of income while providing soil health benefits.... H. Valencia, K. Lewis, J. Foster |
23. Sustainable and Resilient Cropping Systems to Mitigate Wind Erosion for the Enhancement of Human HealthIn the Texas High Plains, regenerative cropping practices in a predominantly conventional farming area can be used to prevent further depletion of topsoil by wind erosion. This loss of topsoil can cause a decrease in agricultural productivity and form dust storms that can be detrimental to human health causing a rise in hospitalizations of chronic lung damage, cardiovascular disorders, and diseases contracted by inhalation. Using regenerative farming practices, both the number and size of dust... K. Lewis, R. Babcock, J. Burke, C. Cobos |
24. Advancing Precision Nitrogen Management in Agriculture: a Multifaceted ApproachAdvancing precision nitrogen management in agriculture involves achieving a balance between maximizing crop yield and minimizing environmental impact. Traditional nitrogen management approaches often lead to inefficiencies, contributing to environmental issues such as nitrous oxide emissions and nitrogen runoff. Significant challenges persist in quantifying factors influencing nitrogen dynamics in the soil-plant-atmosphere system, including landscape positions, soil properties, weather patterns,... W. Guo, R. Karn, K. Lewis |
25. Shining Light on Novel Pathways for Potassium Fixation in SoilCotton has a high demand for potassium, and potassium significantly affects both cotton yield and fiber quality. Thus, bioavailability of potassium from the soil is paramount. Bioavailability and leaching of potassium to crops and from soils has been studied since the 1940s. However, problems that confronted agronomists in the 1980s continue to impact growers and crop production, including unpredictable potassium bioavailability and inconsistent plant response to fertilizer application under a... M. Siebecker, K. Coyle, T. Pham, I. Saldana Haworth, E. Schmidt, A. Sharma, K. Lewis |
26. Post-wheat Summer Cover Crop Effects Crop Yields and Soil Properties in a No-till Dryland Cropping SystemTraditional dryland cropping systems in the semi-arid Great Plains include long fallow periods of up to 14 months to conserve soil moisture. However, such systems are inefficient even under continuous no-till (NT) management. As less water is necessary to produce forage compared to grain, cover crops (CCs) may be successfully integrated into dryland crop rotations for increased soil cover and potentially greater income when hayed or grazed as annual forages. One study was initiated in 2016 near... L. Simon, A. Obour, J. Holman, S.K. Johnson |
27. Impacts of Crop Management on Grain Yield, Grain Quality, Cover Crop Biomass, Residue Cover, and Residual Nitrogen in Dryland SystemsCrop production depends on interactions among management practices, yet most studies evaluate the effect of individual practices rather than their interaction. This field experiment was established in 2024 at the Kansas State University Harold and Olympia Lonsinger Sustainability Farm (Osborne County, Kansas) to assess how combinations of common practices affect crop productivity and soil properties in a dryland system Treatments were a factorial combination of crop rotations (continuous... J. Schwartze, D. Ruiz Diaz, A. Obour, J. Holman, O. Brian, M. Reiman, A. Rosa |
28. Cover Crop Planting Time Effects on Biomass Productivity, Soil Health and Wheat Yield in Dryland SystemsEcosystems benefits of cover crops (CCs) in semi-arid dryland cropping systems are dependent on CC biomass productivity. This study evaluated how CC planting time (spring vs. fall) and fallow management practices [no-tillage (NT) vs. occasional tillage (OT)] influenced CC biomass, surface residue, selected soil health properties and crop yields in within a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench)–fallow (WSF) rotation. The experiment was conducted from... A. Obour, Z. Carson, P. Akporsoe, L. Simon, J. Holman |
29. Short-Term Changes in Soil Properties Following Simulated Wildfire After Winter Wheat HarvestWildfires on croplands can destroy residue cover, soil organic matter and negatively impact crops yields in semi-arid Great. Approximately 16 acre field of winter wheat stubble was subjected to wildfire event at Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center near Hays, KS to study management strategies that can restore soil health in croplands impacted by wildfires. Control burning to stimulated wildfire was done in summer 2025 by igniting fire on a down-wind corner at the interface... P. Akporsoe, A. Obour, J. Holman, K. Harmoney, Z. Carson, L. Simon, D. Ruiz Diaz |
30. Assessment of Microalgae Amendments on Soil Nutrient Dynamics and Cotton Productivity Under Limited Irrigation in Texas High PlainsTexas High Plains (THP) is a major cotton producing region of Texas. However, declining soil fertility and increasing risk of crop yield penalties associated with extreme weather patterns and low organic input have raised concern in sustainability of farmlands in this region. Micro-algae amendment is relatively new and emerging farm practice in crop production which is getting attention due to its ability to stimulate soil health and enhance crop productivity. There are no prior records on microalgae... A. Kafle, K. Lewis, J. Burke, H. Nakabuye, M. Jonhson |
31. Evaluating the Profitability of Nitrogen Management Strategies to Increase Yield in Regenerative Cotton Production SystemsSoil health management practices, such as cover crops and no-till systems, are common in semi-arid cropping systems to reduce wind erosion. However, implementing these practices can also lower cotton yield. As a result, cotton production using no-till and cover crop systems in semi-arid environments tends to be less profitable than conventional systems, despite lower costs from fewer tillage operations during the growing season. For these soil health practices to be economically sustainable in... A. Wright, J. Burke, K. Lewis, W. Keeling, W. Keeling |
32. Optimization of Zinc Fertilizer in CottonSemi-arid environments often face many weather-related challenges while overcoming the issues associated with an elevated soil pH (> 7.5). Zinc availability can become more limited as soil pH increases, possibly reducing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production. Zinc is an essential micronutrient for cotton and is important from the seedling stage to boll and fiber formation. Because of the many reactions reducing zinc availability in soil, fertilizer source, and application time and method are... K. Lewis, J. Alford |
33. Nutrient Uptake Variability of Modern Cotton CultivarsCotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is one of the most economically important crops in Texas, generating more than $3B in annual revenue. Since the development of transgenic cotton cultivars in the early 2000s, cotton yield potential has increased. Despite these advances, little is known about the nutrient uptake and partitioning patterns of these different cultivars. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutrient uptake and partitioning patterns of five modern cotton cultivars grown under three... J. Burke, K. Lewis |