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1. Do Legume Cover Crops Help Mineralize Soil Nitrogen?Nitrogen (N) dynamic is dependent on multiple factor all of which influence in-season plant N availability. Inclusion of a cover crop can have additional impacts on N dynamic by utilizing fall residue soil N, reducing the potential of N leaching. Legume cover crops also have the potential to add additional N to the soil through N fixation. The objective of this study was to evaluate N dynamic of different cover crops (legume and nonlegume) compared to no cover... B. Chim, S. Osborne, R. Lehman |
2. Long-term Crop Rotation Impact on Soil Properties and Crop ResponseCrop rotations can be part of sustainable agriculture production by their effectiveness depends on understanding how crop rotations affect above- and below-ground crop characteristics. Objectives were to investigate crop rotation effects on shoot dry weight and root characteristics of cereal and grain legume crops at anthesis as well as on grain yield. Rotations were corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], (CS); corn-soybean-spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-field... S. Osborne, R. Lehman, W. Riedell, B. Chim |
3. Inter-seeding Cover Crops Influence on Optimal Corn Nitrogen Rate in No-tillMoving from conventional to no-till with the inclusion of cover crops may change the amount and timing of nitrogen (N) provided to corn (Zea mays L.) from mineralization, which may increase or decrease needed N fertilizer to optimize corn grain yield. This study evaluated the effect of cover crop composition on corn N fertilizer requirement and corn grain yield. The effect of three cover crop treatments (no cover crop, single grass species, and grass/broadleaf mixture) on corn... J. Clark, S. Osborne, P. Kovacs, R. Slaght |
4. In-furrow Placement of Dry Urea Prodcuts with Winter WheatPrevious research has shown that the application of some nitrogen fertilizer prior to or at the time of wheat seeding can positively affect the initiation of fall tillers and thus yield potential. However, there are logistical challenges in placing that nitrogen in no-till production systems. Traditionally, the placement of urea-based fertilizers in-furrow with wheat seed has not been recommended. The objectives of this project were to evaluate stand reduction and associated... L. Haag, A. Schlegel, D. Ruiz Diaz |
5. Mixing Wheat Seed with Fertilizer in the Drill: Seedling Injury and Wheat ResponseMixing dry phosphorus fertilizer with winter wheat seed is common in Kansas to provide a starter fertilizer benefit to the crop. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dry phosphorus (P) sources, rates and times fertilizer mixed with wheat seed, effects on early growth and overall productivity and yield of the crop. Two winter wheat studies were conducted in the 2018-2019 wheat growing season at Manhattan (Site 1) and Topeka (site 2) in Northeast Kansas. The previous crop for site... C. Weber, D. Ruiz Diaz |
6. Soil Phosphorus Fractions After Long-term Fertilizer Placement in Different Kansas SoilsPhosphorus fertilizer placement can affect the long-term dynamics and forms of P, and the overall soil P pools. These changes can vary by soil type, and affect P uptake and use efficiency by crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the labile P fractions in three Kansas soil under P fertilizer placements (broadcast versus deep band) after 10 years of crop rotation. Three field studies were conducted for 10 years from 2006 to 2015 in three different soils... M. Arruda, D. Ruiz Diaz |
7. Evaluation of Cation Exchange Resin As Indicator of In-season Potassium Supply to SoybeanThe use of ion-exchange resins to measure soil nutrient availability has potential applications for fertilizer recommendations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between potassium (K) adsorption by cation exchange resins (CER) and K uptake by soybean (Glycine max) in field conditions. The study was conducted at two locations in Kansas during 2019. Two treatments were selected to evaluate the CER. Treatments included a check (0 lbs K2O acre-1) and a high K rate... D. Charbonnier, D. Ruiz Diaz |
8. Investigating Relationships Between Haney H3a-4 and Conventional Soil Tests for Plant Nutrients in Kansas SoilsUse of a soil test to determine fertilizer application rates requires correlation and calibration to crop yield response and/or total nutrient uptake. The Haney H3A soil test procedure has gained popularity in recent years for soil health evaluation and has been used in some circles to adjust fertilizer management practices. However, data relating this test to current soil fertility tests, relative crop yield, or total nutrient uptake are nonexistent in Kansas soils. The objective of this study... B. Rutter, D. Ruiz Diaz |
9. Sulfur Uptake and Yield Response in Corn As Affected by Fertilizer Source and RateWith sulfur deficiencies being found throughout Kansas, the evaluation of sulfur fertilization and plant uptake are vital to optimize corn production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of application rates of sulfur on yield and uptake in corn. Nutrient concentrations in corn, biomass, and grain were evaluated at the Kansas River Valley Experiment Field at Rossville, Kansas in 2019. Five treatments were evaluated, including a control... T. Husa, D. Ruiz Diaz |
10. Predicting Crop Yield Losses Due to Soil-water Salinity: Comparison of Traditional and Alternative ApproachesIt is estimated that 2,000 ha of cropland are taken out of production daily worldwide due to salinization and sodification. Salinity is estimated to result in economic losses of $27.3 billion U.S. dollars annually. Our project aims to jointly develop techniques for quantifying the severity of soil-water salinity and impacts on crop production on surface-irrigated fields in Pakistan’s Indus River Valley and the Lower Arkansas River Valley (LARV) in Colorado. The Fairmont Drainage District... A. Brown, A. Andales, T. Gates |
11. Managing Nutrients in Beef Feedlot Manure - Lessons from a 45-year Field StudyThe original objective of a long-term field experiment established in 1973 was to determine the safe loading capacity of soil with beef cattle feedlot manure. Manure was applied annually at 0, 30, 60, and 90 Mg ha-1 (wet weight) under rainfed and 0, 60, 120, and 180 Mg ha-1 under irrigated conditions. The long-term manure applications increased organic matter, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content and salinity in the soil, and barley forage yield... X. Hao |
12. Nitrogen Availability Following Cover Crops in TX Cropping SystemsCover crops have been heavily promoted to improve soil health and function in US agricultural productions systems. Within semi-arid environments, interest in cover crops continues to grow although several concerns hinder adoption. As soil water use by cover crops is often a chief concern, nutrient availability to subsequent crops is also a concern. The objective of this study was to measure soil chemical and biological properties following various cover crops in a continuous cotton system under... P. Delaune, K. Lewis, P. Mubvumba |
13. Long-Term Effects of a Large Composted Cattle Manure Application Followed by Cover Crops to Organic Dryland Winter Wheat Cropping SystemsOrganic agriculture in semi-arid environments can face several challenges in order to produce a successful crop. These include nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies, moisture limitations, and high weed competition. Organic winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)-fallow systems can be amended with composted cattle manure and with green manure from cover crops grown in the fallow phase to help increase wheat yields and quality. Cattle manure can improve soil health with the... C. Helseth, U. Norton |
14. Snapshot of Crop Nutrient Balance with Use of a Rye Cover Crop in a Corn-soybean Rotation Under Tile Drainage in Eastern South DakotaThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of using a winter rye cover crop within a corn/soybean rotation (rye seeded every fall and burned down each spring) on drainage water quality, crop nutrient status, and grain yield. Use of a winter rye cover crop to take up available N from the soil profile is a management tool that may help to lessen nutrient movement out of the soil profile while at the same time contributing to improved soil health. Winter rye is very winter hardy... P. Sexton, S. Kumar, S. Osborne, B. Brockmueller, A. Bly, B. Rops, A. Bawa, S. Bauder, J. Mcmaine |
15. Evaluation of Soil Test Phosphorus Extractants and Tissue Analysis for Corn in KansasPhosphorus (P) is a critical nutrient for corn (Zea mays L.) productivity. Determining an appropriate concentration of soil test phosphorus (STP) and P tissue concentrations is a fundamental step needed to make accurate phosphorus management decisions. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of four different STP methods (Mehlich 3, Bray 1, Bray 2, and H3A) for corn production and determine critical P tissue concentration at different growing stages. The study... G. Roa, D. Ruiz Diaz |
16. Cover Crops in Certified Organic, Specialty Crop Food ProductionThere is a growing interest in certified organic, specialty crop food production. With a larger population demanding organic products and organic products offering a higher premium for the producer, farmers are exploring the transition to organic farming. Organic producers in southeastern Wyoming face multiple challenges in environments with high elevation, low precipitation, and have a short growing season. These challenges include management of persistent weeds, maintaining biodiversity, and... E. Moore, U. Norton |
17. Impact of Nitrogen Fertilizer Source and Application Date on the Yield and the Quality of Winter WheatNitrogen (N) is one of the most important and critical nutrient elements in agricultural systems, and its effect directly affects crop productivity and nutrient content. Our field studies were related to the wheat Crop. They were conducted in four locations to evaluate the effect of various Nitrogen sources (SuperU, Urea, UAN and UAN+Anvol) applied at three different times (pre, greenup and jointing). The experimental design of the four locations was randomized complete with... H. Moulay, B. Arnall |
18. Adjusting N Rate is the First Step in N Management IntensificationNitrogen (N) management and sowing date are among the leading causes for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield gap in Kansas. This research aimed to compare the two most common cropping sequences in Kansas (continuous wheat [Ct-Wt] and double-cropping of winter wheat and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) [Wt-Sy]) under two N management (standard and progressive) on wheat production. Standard N management consisted of one single broadcast N application as UAN at 80 lbs ac-1 at... L. Simao, R. Lollato, D. Ruiz Diaz |
19. Nitrogen and Sulfur Colimitation to Winter Wheat YieldSulfur has become more limiting for wheat production in the Great Plains, and its deficiency can interact with N availability. The current work reports on yield and yield gaps of three winter wheat varieties as affected by N and S fertilization using the concept of co-limitation (CNS). Field studies evaluating 0, 10, 20 and 40 lbs S/a combined factorials with 50, 100, and 150 lbs N/ac and three hard red winter wheat varieties were conducted in eight environments resulting from the... R. Lollato, B.R. Jaenich, N. Nelson, M. Guttieri, D. Ruiz Diaz, V. Sadras |
20. Effect of Rate and Timing of Nitrogen Applications on Forage Sorghum Biomass YieldForage Sorghum (Sorghum-Sudan grass) is a forage crop harvested in the form of silage or dry-hay and is intended to distribute to livestock as feed. The research objective for this study is to observe how nitrogen timing plays a role in crop total biomass yield. Observations and data were collected during the 2021 growing season, with a total of two harvests allowed due to weather conditions in the area. This trial was conducted at two locations: Lake Carl Blackwell near Stillwater, Oklahoma and... B. Arnall, S. Sawatzky, S. Akin, M. Thomas, R. Singh, W.R. Raun |
21. Does Late-season Nitrogen Impact Grain Protein Concentration in Wheat? A Global Meta-analysisSustainable improvements in wheat production entails increasing yield while maintaining or improving grain quality, which most of the time are negatively correlated. However, attemps to synchronize N supply with crop N demand through N timing can help to obtain both improved yield and quality by enhancing N use efficiency (NUE) and reducing N losses. Late season applied N is a challenging practice that when used correctly can generate posite NUE impacts. Additionally, a systematic assessment... R. Lollato, N. Giordano |
22. Measuring N2O Emissions from Dryland Sorghum Production Using Gas Chamber and Eddy Covariance Flux MethodsNitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are not well quantified in the dryland production systems of the Great Plains. Lack of field-based data has led to the use of questionable assumptions in various life-cycle analyses when dryland grain production is a feedstock. A field-scale trial of 81 acres was established within a 160 acre production field of dryland grain sorghum in northwest Kansas in 2021. Grain sorghum was no-till seeded into wheat stubble. Grower practices for nitrogen... L. Haag, P. Tomlinson, S. Patel, E. Santos |
23. Spatial Variability in Profile Soil Nitrate, Nutrient Update, Grain Yield, and Nutrient Removal in a Commercial Dryland Grain Sorghum FieldEstablished relationships exist that describe the confidence interval around a soil test value as a function of cores in the sample for nutrients such as phosphorus. This information is useful for developing economically and agronomically optimal soil sampling strategies. Residual soil nitrate can be a significant source of a crops N needs in dryland cropping systems where N loss is minimal. A common question among producers and consultants is how many profile N cores are required... L. Haag, S. Patel, P. Tomlinson, E. Santos |
24. Winter Wheat Response to Enchanced Efficiency Fertilizers in the Canadian PrairiesOptimal nitrogen (N) management can improve agronomic efficiency, and increase winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and protein content. Two experiments were conducted to measure the responses of winter wheat to enhanced efficiency N fertilizers and timing/placements across the Canadian Prairies. Experiment 1 consisted of uncoated urea, urea+nitrification inhibitor (urea+eNtrench®), urea+urease and nitrification inhibitors (SuperU®), and polymer-coated urea (Environmentally... Z. Wang, J. Owens, X. Hao, L. Hall, K. Coles, C. Holzapfel, E. Rahmani, R. Karimi Dehkordi, B. Beres |
25. In-season Changes of Soil Mineral Nitrogen with Nitrogen Fertilizer and Nitrification Inhibitor in CornUnderstanding the role that soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) plays in the growth and productivity of corn is crucial. Nitrogen (N) demands vary during the growing season, and maintaining a sufficient amount of N in the form of ammonium (NH4+), or nitrate (NO3-) during the peak times of plant N uptake can help support high yields. The objective of this study was to assess changes and the supply of soil mineral nitrogen during the growing season in corn under field conditions in Kansas. This study was... P. Morinigo, D. Ruiz Diaz |
26. Soil Test Methods and Tissue Analysis to Assess Winter Wheat Response to Sulfur Fertilizer SourcesIdentifying how winter wheat responds to sulfur (S) fertilization through the use of soil test S (STS) methods has been a challenge across Kansas soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil test extraction methods for S as well as plant S nutritional status using different S fertilizer sources and rates. Sulfur response trials were established at 24 Kansas locations during two years (2019 and 2020). Fertilizer rate treatments included a control with... D. Ruiz Diaz, C. Weber |
27. Evaluation of Mehlich-3 for Determination of Cation Exchange Capacity in Kansas SoilsSoil testing laboratories across the United States have implemented the Mehlich-3 (M3) extraction method for phosphorus (P) and other nutrients. Though M3 is known to work well as a multinutrient extractant, it raises concerns for measuring exchangeable cations, particularly in calcareous soils. The objectives of this study were (a) to evaluate M3 as an extractant for base cations for Kansas soils, (b) to identify a range of soil pH where M3 may be a suitable replacement for ammonium acetate... B. Rutter, D. Ruiz Diaz |
28. Temporal and Spatial Variability of Nitrogen Use Efficiency Across Landscape Positions in Southern High PlainsOptimizing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is crucial for enhancing crop productivity, managing resources effectively, and promoting environmental sustainability. In response to the growing significance of sustainable agriculture, this research rigorously explores the temporal and spatial dynamics of NUE in the unique agroecosystem of the Southern High Plains. With a focus on precision nitrogen management tailored to the region's distinctive conditions, the study aims to provide valuable insights... R. Karn, W. Guo, K. Lewis, G. Ritchie, M. Siebecker |
29. Comparative Analysis of Different On-the-Go Soil Sensor SystemsThis study is part of the field of precision agriculture. This management mode is one of the great revolutions in the agriculture field, and it means better management of farm inputs such as fertilizers, herbicides, and seeds by applying the right amount at the right place and at the right time. Precision agriculture aims to divide the farm into management plots where each receives customized management input based on soil fertility status, landscape position, and management. also provides... H. Moulay, B. Arnall, S. Phillips |
30. Advancing Precision Nitrogen Management in Agriculture: a Multifaceted ApproachAdvancing precision nitrogen management in agriculture involves achieving a balance between maximizing crop yield and minimizing environmental impact. Traditional nitrogen management approaches often lead to inefficiencies, contributing to environmental issues such as nitrous oxide emissions and nitrogen runoff. Significant challenges persist in quantifying factors influencing nitrogen dynamics in the soil-plant-atmosphere system, including landscape positions, soil properties, weather patterns,... W. Guo, R. Karn, K. Lewis |
31. Sheep Grazing Preference and Nutrient Cycling Implications Among Cover Crop SpeciesThe vast and interspersed livestock and crop industries of Texas lend opportunity for livestock integration to benefit regional agricultural systems. Texas leads sheep production in the U.S. and small ruminant integration in crop systems has become an appealing opportunity in recent years due to strong meat markets and generally poor commodity crop markets. Many winter cover crops are likely suitable forages, and challenges of nutrient immobilization could be (at least partially) mitigated by... R. Matschek, R. Noland, N. Nielson, J. Thorne, M. Mcculloch |