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1. Observational and Modeling Methods to Inform Ecosystem Service MarketsInterest in quantifying the impacts of land management on ecosystem services has grown as governments, environmental organizations, and corporations have pledged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient leaching, and other environmental impacts of human activities. Ecosystem service markets were formalized in the 1990s and originally deployed to mitigate point sources of air and water pollution. Associated protocols were fairly simple and easy to implement because quantification of point sources... S.J. Del grosso, J. Delgado, D. Manter, C. Stewart, M. Vigil |
2. Nitrogen Fertilization and Long-term No-tillage Impacts on Soil Properties and Deep Soil C Storage Under IrrigationThe net soil greenhouse gas mitigation potential of conservation agricultural management practices is strongly influenced by the direction and magnitude of soil organic C (SOC) change in deep soil layers (>6”). Deep SOC is typically old, highly processed, and consists of microbial products and root exudates associated with clay and other minerals. However, it can be susceptible to decomposition and priming from the addition of new, labile organic C. We examined long-term soil C dynamics... C. Stewart, D. Manter, J. Delgado, S. Del grosso, F. Calderon, K. Heckman, K. Snell |
3. Tillage and Nitrogen Rates Influenced Wheat and Sorghum ProductivityReduced tillage (RT) or no-tillage (NT) practices and reducing fallow frequency can both decrease soil losses from wind erosion and conserve soil water in the semiarid regions of the US Great Plains. This study evaluated sorghum grain yield in 2013 and wheat grain yield in 2014 and 2015 as influenced by long-term nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rates (0, 20, 40, and 60 lb N ac- 1) and tillage intensity [clean tillage (CT), RT, and NT] in dryland winter wheat–sorghum-fallow (W-S-F) cropping... M. Mikha |
4. Effect of Foliar Zinc Application on Durum and Spring Wheat Grain Yield and QualityZinc (Zn) deficiency represents a common micronutrient deficiency in human populations, especially in regions of the world where staple food crops are the main source of daily calorie intake. Micronutrients like Zn also plays an important role in growth and development of plant thereby affecting crop yield and quality. A two-year field trial was conducted at Sidney, Montana, to investigate the effect of foliar application of Zn on yield and grain quality of spring wheat. Zinc treatment included... F. Etemadi, R. Keshavarz afshar, H. He, S. Zhou, Z. Li, C. Chen |
5. Soil Quality and Nitrogen Availability After Eight Years of a Mixed Cover Crop - Wheat RotationDespite a large interest in cover crops in the northern Great Plains, little is known about their effect on both the following wheat crop and soil quality. In 2012, a cover crop study was started in Montana to compare wheat production and soil quality after growing cover crop mixes containing 2-, 6-, or 8-species, with both summer fallow and a sole pea cover crop control, in a 2-yr rotation with wheat. The 2-species mixes represented functional groups (legumes, brassicas, tap rooted, or fibrous... C. Jones, P. Miller, C. Zabinski, K. D'agati |
6. In-furrow Placement of Dry Urea Prodcuts with Winter WheatPrevious research has shown that the application of some nitrogen fertilizer prior to or at the time of wheat seeding can positively affect the initiation of fall tillers and thus yield potential. However, there are logistical challenges in placing that nitrogen in no-till production systems. Traditionally, the placement of urea-based fertilizers in-furrow with wheat seed has not been recommended. The objectives of this project were to evaluate stand reduction and associated... L. Haag, A. Schlegel, D. Ruiz diaz |
7. Mixing Wheat Seed with Fertilizer in the Drill: Seedling Injury and Wheat ResponseMixing dry phosphorus fertilizer with winter wheat seed is common in Kansas to provide a starter fertilizer benefit to the crop. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dry phosphorus (P) sources, rates and times fertilizer mixed with wheat seed, effects on early growth and overall productivity and yield of the crop. Two winter wheat studies were conducted in the 2018-2019 wheat growing season at Manhattan (Site 1) and Topeka (site 2) in Northeast Kansas. The previous crop for site... C. Weber, D. Ruiz diaz |
8. Soil Phosphorus Fractions After Long-term Fertilizer Placement in Different Kansas SoilsPhosphorus fertilizer placement can affect the long-term dynamics and forms of P, and the overall soil P pools. These changes can vary by soil type, and affect P uptake and use efficiency by crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the labile P fractions in three Kansas soil under P fertilizer placements (broadcast versus deep band) after 10 years of crop rotation. Three field studies were conducted for 10 years from 2006 to 2015 in three different soils... M. Arruda, D. Ruiz diaz |
9. Evaluation of Cation Exchange Resin As Indicator of In-season Potassium Supply to SoybeanThe use of ion-exchange resins to measure soil nutrient availability has potential applications for fertilizer recommendations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between potassium (K) adsorption by cation exchange resins (CER) and K uptake by soybean (Glycine max) in field conditions. The study was conducted at two locations in Kansas during 2019. Two treatments were selected to evaluate the CER. Treatments included a check (0 lbs K2O acre-1) and a high K rate... D. Charbonnier, D. Ruiz diaz |
10. Investigating Relationships Between Haney H3a-4 and Conventional Soil Tests for Plant Nutrients in Kansas SoilsUse of a soil test to determine fertilizer application rates requires correlation and calibration to crop yield response and/or total nutrient uptake. The Haney H3A soil test procedure has gained popularity in recent years for soil health evaluation and has been used in some circles to adjust fertilizer management practices. However, data relating this test to current soil fertility tests, relative crop yield, or total nutrient uptake are nonexistent in Kansas soils. The objective of this study... B. Rutter, D. Ruiz diaz |
11. Sulfur Uptake and Yield Response in Corn As Affected by Fertilizer Source and RateWith sulfur deficiencies being found throughout Kansas, the evaluation of sulfur fertilization and plant uptake are vital to optimize corn production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of application rates of sulfur on yield and uptake in corn. Nutrient concentrations in corn, biomass, and grain were evaluated at the Kansas River Valley Experiment Field at Rossville, Kansas in 2019. Five treatments were evaluated, including a control... T. Husa, D. Ruiz diaz |
12. Utilizing Long-term Organic Amendments to Improve Soil Health in Semi-arid, Grazed GrasslandsDetermining soil health changes associated with long-term land application of organic amendments, such as biosolids, is important for understanding and improving overall environmental health. In 1991, a single application of biosolids were surface applied (treatment rate: 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 21, or 30 Mg ha−1) to a semi-arid grazed grassland. In 2002, a repeated application of biosolids were surface applied at the same rate to ½ of all plots. In 2018, soil samples were obtained from 0-15... C. Buchanan, J. Ippolito |
13. Post-Wheat Summer Cover Crop Effects Crop Yields and Soil Properties in a No-till Dryland Cropping SystemTraditional dryland cropping systems in the semi-arid Great Plains include long fallow periods of up to 14 months to conserve soil moisture. However, such systems are inefficient even under continuous no-till (NT) management. As less water is necessary to produce forage compared to grain, cover crops (CCs) may be successfully integrated into dryland crop rotations for increased soil cover and potentially greater income when hayed or grazed as annual forages. One study was initiated in 2016 near... L.M. Simon, A.K. Obour, J.D. Holman, M.E. Schipanski, S.K. Johnson, K.L. Roozeboom |
14. Nitrogen Fertilizer Application and Depth of Moist Soil at Planting Affected Grain Sorghum YieldThe depth of moist soil before planting is critical for grain crop production in intensified dryland cropping systems. We investigated depth of moist soil at planting and nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rate effects on continuous grain sorghum yields on a Crete silt loam soil over 32-years in western Kansas. Treatments were four N rates (0, 20, 40 and 60 lb ac-1) in a randomized complete blocks design with four replication and depth of moist soil at planting determined with Paul... A.K. Obour, J.D. Holman, Y.M. Assefa, L.M. Simon, P. Mauler |
15. Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in High-Elevation Hay Meadows: Understanding Processes for Improved Agroecosystem ProductivityIrrigated hay meadows are an integral, but often under-performing component of livestock operations in western rangeland ecosystems. Flood irrigation resulting in seasonal saturation, high elevation, and cool temperatures common to these systems result in concentration of organic materials near the soil surface, constraining nitrogen cycling, forage productivity and diversity. Improved understanding of nutrient cycling, soil organic matter processes, and ecosystem services of irrigated hay meadows,... D. Adamson, J. Norton |
16. Lentil Nitrogen Fixation Response to Fertilizer and Inoculant in the Northern Great PlainsLentil production in the semi-arid northern Great Plains has increased dramatically over the past two decades, providing agroecosystem benefits of efficient water use, pest cycle disruption, and biological nitrogen (N) fixation. Through N fixation, lentil may help alleviate soil acidification and groundwater contamination by reducing N fertilizer needs. Despite widespread farmer adoption of lentil in the region, little is known about the benefits of fertilizer or inoculant type concerning N fixation.... K. Baber, C. Jones, P. Miller, S. Koeshall |
17. Evaluation of Soil Test Phosphorus Extractants and Tissue Analysis for Corn in KansasPhosphorus (P) is a critical nutrient for corn (Zea mays L.) productivity. Determining an appropriate concentration of soil test phosphorus (STP) and P tissue concentrations is a fundamental step needed to make accurate phosphorus management decisions. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of four different STP methods (Mehlich 3, Bray 1, Bray 2, and H3A) for corn production and determine critical P tissue concentration at different growing stages. The study... G. Roa, D. Ruiz diaz |
18. Dramatic Soil Health Changes After 18 Years of Different Nitrogen Rates and Cropping Systems in the Northern Great PlainsRelatively few long-term cropping and nitrogen rates studies have been conducted in the semi-arid northern Great Plains that assess soil health changes. A cropping system study was initiated in 2002 in Bozeman, Montana (~400 mm annual precipitation) with wheat grown in even years, and either tilled fallow or one of the following no-till systems in odd years: fallow, wheat, pea grain, pea hay, pea green manure, and an alfalfa-grass (until 2012) followed by pea grain. N was applied at either 50%... C. Jones, P. Miller, C. Zabinski, W. Fouts |
19. Lentil Inoculant, Potassium, Sulfur, and Micronutrient Effects on Yield and Protein in the Northern Great PlainsLentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is an important crop, averaging more than 600,000 ac in MT and ND from 2016-20. However, relatively little is known about inoculant and fertility response in lentil in the U.S. northern Great Plains. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of rhizobial inoculant formulations (granular and seed-coat) and nutrient additions (K, S, and micronutrients), on lentil growth, yield, and seed protein. This study was conducted at six or seven university... P. Miller, C. Jones, S. Atencio, C. Chen, E. Eriksmoen, S. Fordyce, P. Lamb, M. Ostlie, J. Rickertsen, M.A. Grusak, M. Bourgault, B. Franck, P. Carr, S. Koeshall, K. Baber |
20. Adjusting N Rate is the First Step in N Management IntensificationNitrogen (N) management and sowing date are among the leading causes for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield gap in Kansas. This research aimed to compare the two most common cropping sequences in Kansas (continuous wheat [Ct-Wt] and double-cropping of winter wheat and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) [Wt-Sy]) under two N management (standard and progressive) on wheat production. Standard N management consisted of one single broadcast N application as UAN at 80 lbs ac-1 at... L. Simao, R. Lollato, D. Ruiz diaz |
21. Nitrogen and Sulfur Colimitation to Winter Wheat YieldSulfur has become more limiting for wheat production in the Great Plains, and its deficiency can interact with N availability. The current work reports on yield and yield gaps of three winter wheat varieties as affected by N and S fertilization using the concept of co-limitation (CNS). Field studies evaluating 0, 10, 20 and 40 lbs S/a combined factorials with 50, 100, and 150 lbs N/ac and three hard red winter wheat varieties were conducted in eight environments resulting from the... R. Lollato, B.R. Jaenich, N. Nelson, M. Guttieri, D. Ruiz diaz, V. Sadras |
22. Increasing Winter Wheat Grain Yield By Replicating the Management Adopted in High-Yielding Commercial FieldsLarge winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield gaps between farmer yields and yield potential in the southern Great Plains indicate the need to improve recommendations of best management strategies to profitably bridge this gap. Many studies have been completed on individual management factors pre-determined by the individual researcher, but we are not aware of studies comparing combination of practices that producers are currently using, which would be more relevant for real-world scenarios.... L.P. Ryan, R.P. Lollato, L. Haag, J. Holman |
23. In-season Changes of Soil Mineral Nitrogen with Nitrogen Fertilizer and Nitrification Inhibitor in CornUnderstanding the role that soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) plays in the growth and productivity of corn is crucial. Nitrogen (N) demands vary during the growing season, and maintaining a sufficient amount of N in the form of ammonium (NH4+), or nitrate (NO3-) during the peak times of plant N uptake can help support high yields. The objective of this study was to assess changes and the supply of soil mineral nitrogen during the growing season in corn under field conditions in Kansas. This study was... P. Morinigo, D. Ruiz diaz |
24. Soil Test Methods and Tissue Analysis to Assess Winter Wheat Response to Sulfur Fertilizer SourcesIdentifying how winter wheat responds to sulfur (S) fertilization through the use of soil test S (STS) methods has been a challenge across Kansas soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil test extraction methods for S as well as plant S nutritional status using different S fertilizer sources and rates. Sulfur response trials were established at 24 Kansas locations during two years (2019 and 2020). Fertilizer rate treatments included a control with... D. Ruiz diaz, C. Weber |
25. Evaluation of Mehlich-3 for Determination of Cation Exchange Capacity in Kansas SoilsSoil testing laboratories across the United States have implemented the Mehlich-3 (M3) extraction method for phosphorus (P) and other nutrients. Though M3 is known to work well as a multinutrient extractant, it raises concerns for measuring exchangeable cations, particularly in calcareous soils. The objectives of this study were (a) to evaluate M3 as an extractant for base cations for Kansas soils, (b) to identify a range of soil pH where M3 may be a suitable replacement for ammonium acetate... B. Rutter, D. Ruiz diaz |
26. Lime Management in the Semi-arid Regions of the USSoil acidity is increasing in the semi-arid regions of the US; however, questions exist about the efficacy of different liming products to raise soil pH and how long the lime benefits last. Therefore, we conducted two studies: 1) To monitor the efficacy of three liming products: sugarbeet lime (tilled and non-tilled), prilled lime (seed-placed), and aglime (tilled) to improve soil pH and crop yields at two sites in Montana and 2) To evaluate how different sugarbeet lime rates perform to mitigate... M. Rakkar, C. Jones, P. Miller, K. Mcvay, R. Engel |