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1. Long-term Crop Rotation Impact on Soil Properties and Crop ResponseCrop rotations can be part of sustainable agriculture production by their effectiveness depends on understanding how crop rotations affect above- and below-ground crop characteristics. Objectives were to investigate crop rotation effects on shoot dry weight and root characteristics of cereal and grain legume crops at anthesis as well as on grain yield. Rotations were corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], (CS); corn-soybean-spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-field... S. Osborne, R. Lehman, W. Riedell, B. Chim |
2. Effect of Foliar Zinc Application on Durum and Spring Wheat Grain Yield and QualityZinc (Zn) deficiency represents a common micronutrient deficiency in human populations, especially in regions of the world where staple food crops are the main source of daily calorie intake. Micronutrients like Zn also plays an important role in growth and development of plant thereby affecting crop yield and quality. A two-year field trial was conducted at Sidney, Montana, to investigate the effect of foliar application of Zn on yield and grain quality of spring wheat. Zinc treatment included... F. Etemadi, R. Keshavarz afshar, H. He, S. Zhou, Z. Li, C. Chen |
3. Strategic Tillage Effects on Crop Yield and Soil Properties and Dryland Crop RotationsThis study evaluated strategic tillage (ST) to control HR weeds and improve crop yields in an otherwise long-term no-till (NT) soil. Treatments were five crop rotations: 1) continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (WW); 2) wheat-fallow (WF); 3) wheat-sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)-fallow (WSF); 4) continuous sorghum (SS); and 5) sorghum-fallow (SF) as main plots. The sub-plot were reduced tillage (RT), continuous NT, and ST of NT. Results showed tillage (ST or RT)... A. Obour, J. Holman, L. Simon, A. Schlegel |
4. Phosphorus Fertilizer Management and Cover Crop Effects on Phosphorus Loss from No-till Corn and Soybean.Loss of phosphorus from non-point source agricultural sources is a known contributor to the degradation and contamination of surface waters. Therefore, it is imperative to adapt agricultural best management practices which promote and preserve surface water quality. The goal of this study was to quantify the impacts of phosphorus fertilizer management practice (placement and timing) and winter cover crop on concentrations of total suspended solids, total phosphorus, and dissolved reactive phosphorus... E. Carver, N. Nelson, K. Roozeboom, G. Kluitenberg, P. Tomlinson, J. Williams |
5. Long-term Forage Rotation Yields, Soil Water Use, and ProfitabilityForages are important for the region’s livestock industry and are becoming increasingly important as irrigation capacity and grain prices decrease. Forages require less water than grain crops and may allow for increasing cropping system intensification and opportunistic cropping. A study was initiated in 2012 at the Southwest Research-Extension Center near Garden City, KS, comparing several 1-, 3-, and 4-year forage rotations with no-tillage and minimum-tillage. Data presented are from 2013... J. Holman, A. Obour, A. Schlegel, L. Simon |
6. Long-term Cover Crop Effects on Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen Stocks, and Water Stable Aggregates in the Semiarid Central Great PlainsGrowing cover crops (CC) in semiarid dryland cropping systems in the central Great Plains (CGP) may provide several benefits to soil health. This study examined long-term CC management effects on soil health in a no-till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)–fallow (WSF) cropping system in southwestern Kansas. The experimental design was a split-split-plot randomized complete block with four replications. Main plots were... L. Simon, A. Obour, J. Holman, K. Roozeboom |
7. Nitrogen Managememt in Dryland Winter Wheat to Improve Grain Yield and ProteinMaximizing the yield along with adequate protein content in winter wheat is an emerging challenge for dryland wheat producers. Proper nitrogen (N) management with optimization of fertilizer application rate and timing might be a potential strategy to improve grain yield and protein. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of different N rates and application timing on grain yield and protein content of hard red winter wheat in Nebraska. Field study was carried out at four locations... D. Ghimire, B. Maharjan |
8. Evaluating the Trade-offs of Cover Crops in Dryland Wheat Systems of the Colorado PlateauOn the semi-arid Colorado Plateau, dryland farmers are challenged by severely degraded soils and low and increasingly unreliable precipitation. Cover crops have been shown to improve soil fertility and mitigate soil erosion in many regions, but are also associated with use of limited soil moisture, a cost that could mean decreased cash crop productivity for farmers. Most literature on cover crops comes from relatively humid climates, where crop yield penalties due to cover crops may be less pronounced.... L. Eash, A. Berrada, K. Russell, S. Fonte |
9. Enhanced Efficiency Phosphorus FertilizersPhosphorus (P) is essential for plants. However, first-year phosphorus fertilizer uptake by plants is low, resulting in economic and environmental impacts. Developments with P Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizer (EEF) sources show improved uptake efficiency and increased yield and/or crop quality, while reducing environmental risk. Research with EEFs (including organic acids, maleic itaconic copolymer, and struvite) all show these improvements, especially when: 1) soil test P concentrations are low,... S. Kobza, B.G. Hopkins |
10. Results from the First Year of On-farm N Rate and Timing StudiesStudies have shown over the past couple of years that utilizing sensor based nitrogen rate calculator (SBNRC) for in-season fertilizer has proven beneficial to yields and protein in the southern Great Plains. However, current SBNRC recommendations and algorithm are based upon trials conducted in central Oklahoma, rather than regionally based. The objective of the larger study is to determine if it is possible to develop a regional dependency component of SBNRC in Oklahoma. For... V. Reed, J. bigatao souza, B. Finch, B. Arnall |
11. Impact of Fertilizer Management on the Stratification of Soil Characteristics in No-tillThe increasing cost of fuel and machinery makes no-till management (NT) a good alternative for producers. With the demanding increase of production, fertilizer utilization efficiency and cycling must be evaluated to address such demand. However, the superficial input of soil amendments under NT may lead to the soil stratification of pH and nutrients and in the first six inches. Three dry-land NT long-term trials located in Perkins, OK (NT since 2005), Stillwater, OK (NT since 2010) and Lahoma,... J. bigatao souza, V. Reed, B. Finch, B. Arnall |
12. Impact of Post-feekes 6 Nitrogen Application in Winter Wheat Forage ProductionProducers have options when choosing how to utilize their wheat acreage in Oklahoma. These include, grain harvest only, dual-purpose grazing and grain, and graze-out where the wheat crop is used solely for grazing cattle. Many producers take advantage of graze out wheat as a forage for cattle during the winter season. With acreages of approximately 400,000 acres of winter wheat grown for graze out production in the state of Oklahoma in 2018, many questions regarding management of wheat for grazing... B. Finch, V. Reed, J. Rogers, J. bigatao souza, B. Arnall |
13. Soil Health Comparison in Organic and Conventional Cotton-Peanut Rotations in the Texas Plains RegionOrganic farming has been increasingly adopted in the Texas High Plains (THP), but restrictions on synthetic fertilizer use may be problematic if a system cannot mineralize sufficient nutrients from organic matter breakdown to meet crop needs. Cover crops are a tool utilized by both organic and conventional producers for nutrient management, weed control and soil conservation. A one-year study was conducted in organic peanuts in Lubbock and Vernon, TX, to assess the ability of cover crops... N. Boogades, K. Lewis, T. Gentry, P. Delaune, L.M. Ellman-stortz |
14. Soil Properties Affected by Grazing and Tillage of Annual ForagesNo-till (NT) management of annual crop production systems increases precipitation capture and storage. However, compaction with annual livestock grazing and the development of herbicide resistant weeds present challenges to long-term NT. An on-farm study was established in 2016 near Jetmore, KS to investigate the influence of annual tillage with a sweep plow compared to NT in a grazed continuous winter triticale production system. Forage productivity as well as weed density and soil properties... P. Mauler, J. Holman , A. Obour , L. Simon, K. Roozeboom |
15. Soil Carbon and Agroecosystem Benefits of Conservation Management and Perennial Bioenergy Crop ProductionConservation agricultural management practices and perennial bioenergy crops can increase soil organic C (SOC) stocks on marginal soils yet the time necessary to observe these benefits, as well as the upper limit of C storage isn’t known. Co-benefits often associated with SOC accumulation are positive effects on water and nutrient retention, soil microbial biomass and diversity and soil structure, resulting in better soil quality. However, interactions between nitrogen fertilizer, crop biochemistry,... C.E. Stewart, V.L. Jin, M.R. Schmer, R.B. Mitchell, C. Williams, G.L. Miner |
16. Lentil Inoculant, Potassium, Sulfur, and Micronutrient Effects on Yield and Protein in the Northern Great PlainsLentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is an important crop, averaging more than 600,000 ac in MT and ND from 2016-20. However, relatively little is known about inoculant and fertility response in lentil in the U.S. northern Great Plains. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of rhizobial inoculant formulations (granular and seed-coat) and nutrient additions (K, S, and micronutrients), on lentil growth, yield, and seed protein. This study was conducted at six or seven university... P. Miller, C. Jones, S. Atencio, C. Chen, E. Eriksmoen, S. Fordyce, P. Lamb, M. Ostlie, J. Rickertsen, M.A. Grusak, M. Bourgault, B. Franck, P. Carr, S. Koeshall, K. Baber |
17. Sugarbeet Yield Response and Nitrate Leaching As Influenced by Nitrogen Management in Semi-arid ClimateFertilizer nitrogen (N) in irrigated sugarbeet production needs to be optimized to simultaneously increase yield and reduce nitrate leaching. In addition to adjusting N rate and application timing, there are available fertilizer technologies such as controlled- or slow-release N which may be beneficial for beet yield and reducing potential nitrate leaching. However, there are limited studies assessing the effectiveness of such fertilizers for sugarbeet in a semi-arid climate. The two-year experiment... D. Ghimire, B. Maharjan |
18. Winter Wheat Response to Enchanced Efficiency Fertilizers in the Canadian PrairiesOptimal nitrogen (N) management can improve agronomic efficiency, and increase winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and protein content. Two experiments were conducted to measure the responses of winter wheat to enhanced efficiency N fertilizers and timing/placements across the Canadian Prairies. Experiment 1 consisted of uncoated urea, urea+nitrification inhibitor (urea+eNtrench®), urea+urease and nitrification inhibitors (SuperU®), and polymer-coated urea (Environmentally... Z. Wang, J. Owens, X. Hao, L. Hall, K. Coles, C. Holzapfel, E. Rahmani, R. Karimi dehkordi, B. Beres |
19. Soil Microbes Are Critical to Maintaining Soil Fertility in the Great PlainsSoil in the Great Plains is known to be susceptible to wind and water erosion due to moisture deficits throughout the region that limit soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation that helps form stable soil structure. Conservation management practices like reduced tillage are emphasized to maintain SOM that provides habitat for soil microbes to perform ecosystem services related to nutrient cycling and soil aggregation to increase resistance to erosion and maintain fertile topsoil. Soils under long-term... W. Roper, V. Acosta-martinez, J. Moore, M. Mikha, D.K. Manter, C.E. Stewart, R.M. Lehman, M.A. Liebig, V.L. Jin |
20. Soil Properties and Winter Wheat Nutrient Uptake As Affected by Long-term Tillage and Nitrogen FertilizationKnowledge gained on the long-term effects of crop management practices on soil fertility is critical in developing nutrient management strategies to optimize crop yields and environmental sustainability in semi-arid cropping systems. This study examined the long-term effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer management and tillage intensity [conventional tillage (CT), and no-tillage (NT)] on soil properties and nutrient uptake in a dryland wheat-sorghum-fallow cropping system. Results showed winter wheat... A. Obour, J. Holman, L. Simon, Y.M. Assefa |
21. Influence of Irrigation Timing and Amount on Cotton Physiology and Nutrient PartitioningThis study explores the impact of varying water levels on nutrient uptake in cotton plants, known for its sensitivity to environmental conditions. Recognizing the pivotal role of water availability in agricultural productivity, the experiment employed different irrigation scenarios and assessed the efficiency of nutrient absorption in cotton under these varied circumstances. The research also focused on analyzing nutrient content in different plant tissues,... K. Vargas, K. Lewis, J. Bicaldo, J. Burke |
22. Evaluation of the Nutrient Requirements and Uptake Indices of Ten Modern Cotton CultivarsThis study aims to re-evaluate the partitioning patterns and nutrient uptake index of new and soon-to-be released cotton cultivars to optimize the nutrient inputs for farmers and producers. The study will be divided into two phases: Phase I will be the determination of different nutrient uptake indices of 10 modern cotton cultivars and Phase II will be the development and establishment of new fertilizer management strategies for modern cotton cultivars using the results of plant nutrient uptake... J. Bicaldo, K. Lewis, G. Ritchie |
23. The Paradoxical Pursuit of Sustainable Nitrogen Management in Irrigated High-Elevation Hay MeadowsIrrigated hay meadows are an integral, but often under-performing component of livestock operations in the Mountain West. Saturating irrigation and cool temperatures result in buildup of organic matter in form of an O-horizon, hindering forage production and nitrogen (N) cycling. For these reasons, many ranchers choose to fertilize with N regardless of large stores of N already in the soil. To improve long-term forage production in meadow systems, it is therefore critical to understand the... D. Adamson, J. Norton, U. Norton, L.T. Van diepen, M. Singh |