1. Optimizing Nitrogen Inputs in Barley Production in Idaho, Montana, and North Dakota

Nitrogen (N) management plays a critical role in balancing yield and malting quality of two-row spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown in the Northern Great Plains. In 2025, a field experiment was conducted across seven locations in North Dakota, Montana, and Idaho to evaluate the effect of N fertilizer source on barley yield, protein, and kernel plump. Treatments included the commercially available N sources urea, enhanced efficiency urea, urea ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium... B. Goettl, . Souza, J. Spackman, J. Jensen