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1. A Brief History of the Great Plains Soil Fertility ConferenceThe Great Plains Soil Fertility Conference began in 1980 as the Great Plains Soil Fertility Workshop at the Denver Sheraton Hotel on Quebec in Denver, CO. This Workshop was patterned off the successful North Central Extension Industry Soil Fertility Workshop which had been in existence since 1971. Several companies provided some initial funding to get the project off and running. The objectives of the Workshop/Conference were to bring together researchers and i... L. Murphy |
2. A New Hydroponic System for Testing Mineral Nutrient Deficiencies and It's Application to SoybeansCorrelating plant tissue nutrient concentrations with visual symptoms is valuable in combating mineral nutrient deficiencies and toxicities. Due to changing climates and decreasing water supplies throughout the world, agricultural lands need to improve nutrient and water management in crops, including soybeans (Glycine max L.).Because nutrient concentrations can be easily controlled, hydroponics effectively demonstrate isolated specific nutrient related symptoms. However, many h... A.M. Lambert, S.M. Anderson, D.L. Cole, A. Haderlie, C.J. Seely, B.G. Hopkins |
3. Acid Soil Adaptation Management in Western North Dakota with Hard Red Spring WheatHard Red Spring Wheat (HRSW) yields are decreasing due to acidic soils. No-till practices paired with heavy N use have lowered the soil pH on many acres of the Northern Great Plains. Acid soil where the pH drops below 5.5 has an impact on nutrient availability, soil microbial activity, stunted roots from aluminum (Al) toxicity and other plant/soil interactions. These areas can be improved from surface liming; however, liming can be costly. For many producers facing this issue, especially thos... R. Buetow |
4. Adjusting N Rate is the First Step in N Management IntensificationNitrogen (N) management and sowing date are among the leading causes for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield gap in Kansas. This research aimed to compare the two most common cropping sequences in Kansas (continuous wheat [Ct-Wt] and double-cropping of winter wheat and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) [Wt-Sy]) under two N management (standard and progressive) on wheat production. Standard N management consisted of one single broadcast N application as UAN at 80 lbs ac-1... L. Simao, R. Lollato, D. Ruiz diaz |
5. Analysis of 10 Years of N Rate and Timing Work in Oklahoma Winter WheatThis study was conducted to determine optimum top-dress nitrogen fertilizer rate by location and environment so it may be reproduced in following years. Winter wheat was planted in different locations each year starting in 2009. Each location had a treatment structure consisting of Preplant nitrogen rates ranging from 28.02kg/ac to 224.17kg/ac and top-dress nitrogen rates ranging from 28.02kg/ac to 140.11kg/ac. When top-dressing occurred there was two plots that had sensor based rates that us... S.G. Akin, B. Arnall |
6. Banded P Placement for Sugarbeets in Calcareous SoilPhosphorus (P) is an essential element for sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) nutrition. Soils in the Western US tend to be calcareous and alkaline, resulting in low P solubility. Sugarbeets have difficulty exploiting soluble P in surface soil due to its tap root system. Research in the North- Central US supports P applied in a band in contact with the seed or below the seed for best results. However, grower concerns about germination problems and seedling vigor have prevented adaptation of these tech... B. Hopkins, J. Ellsworth |
7. Banding 10-34-0 on Sugar BeetsField experiments were conducted over 10 site-years in the Red River Valley of Minnesota on various soil types that tested low in available P. The objectives were to evaluate sugar beet yield response to liquid 10-34-0 and dry 11-52-0 fertilizer banded in-furrow with the seed at planting and to compare those responses to that of phosphorus (P) fertilizer rates broadcast and incorporated prior to planting. Treatments had no effect on net sucrose concentration in the root ... A. Sims, L. Smith |
8. Can Soil Health Metrics Improve Standard Soil Fertility Recommendations?It is commonly speculated that integrating soil health (SH) testing with soil fertility (SF) testing would improve fertilizer recommendation decisions. However, quantified impacts of SH properties, specifically soil biological properties, on fertilizer demand have not been well established. The objective of this research was to explore corn (Zea mays L.) yield response to phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization as influenced by established SF analysis and common SH me... N.R. Kitchen, J.D. Svedin, S.H. Anderson, K.S. Veum, C.R. Ransom |
9. Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in High-Elevation Hay Meadows: Understanding Processes for Improved Agroecosystem ProductivityIrrigated hay meadows are an integral, but often under-performing component of livestock operations in western rangeland ecosystems. Flood irrigation resulting in seasonal saturation, high elevation, and cool temperatures common to these systems result in concentration of organic materials near the soil surface, constraining nitrogen cycling, forage productivity and diversity. Improved understanding of nutrient cycling, soil organic matter processes, and ecosystem services of irrigated hay me... D. Adamson, J. Norton |
10. Carbon Budget in Dryland Agroecosystems After 12 Years in No-till As Affected by Climate Gradient, Slope Position, and Cropping IntensityBecause available soil water is the most limiting factor in dryland cropping systems in the central Great Plains, summer fallow was implemented to stabilize production by storing two years of soil water for one year’s crop. The traditional dryland cropping system consists of conventional tillage management of a crop-fallow rotation which produced one crop every two years. In order for the fallow period to successfully store soil water, weeds and volunteer plants ne... L. Sherrod, G. Peterson, D. Westfall, L. Ahuja |
11. Chloride Fertility: Small Grain Variety and Disease ResponsesFor spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), chloride fertilizer added to low chloride-testing soil results in a positive yield gain 70 % of the time. Some, but not all, of these yield responses have been attributed to chloride interaction with disease susceptibility. Because soil fertility and disease suppression are among the most important management tools used by farmers, additional research on the interaction between chloride fertility and disease suppression is ne... W. Riedell, L. Osborne, S. Osborne |
12. Chloride Response of Corn and Grain SorghumResearch in several states in the United States and in Canada has documented positive small grain responses to chloride (Cl) fertilization, yet little research has been done on corn or grain sorghum. Field research was conducted in Kansas evaluating Cl fertilization on corn and grain sorghum. Chloride rates and sources were evaluated at several farmer-cooperator sites. Corn and grain sorghum yields were consistently increased with Cl fertilization when soil Cl... R. Lamond, K. Rector, C. Godsey, L. Ferdinand |
13. Comparison of Annual and Multi-year N-based and P-based Manure ApplicationsThis 4-yr study (2000-2003) compares beef manure application strategies in their impact on soil and plant nutrient concentrations and nutrient runoff and leaching. The treatments were a fertilizer control, annual N-based manure application, N-based applied every other year, annual P-based, P-based applied every other year, and P-based applied once every four years. By the third year of the study, soil test P levels in the soil surface reflected the amount of P2O5applied ... J. Davis, C. Truman, K. Iversen, K. Doesken |
14. Comparison of Multi-spectral Analog and Imaging Systems for Assessing Plant Nitrogen Status in Irrigated CornUniform applications of nitrogen (N) across a field may result in over fertilization in some areas as well as under fertilization in others. Farmers, consultants, and other end users need rapid, robust techniques to spatially and temporally assess a crop’s N status in order to apply N “as needed” and “where needed”. The objective of this research was to compare the differences in response of a radiometer system and an imaging system for asse... W. Bausch |
15. Cover Crops in Certified Organic, Specialty Crop Food ProductionThere is a growing interest in certified organic, specialty crop food production. With a larger population demanding organic products and organic products offering a higher premium for the producer, farmers are exploring the transition to organic farming. Organic producers in southeastern Wyoming face multiple challenges in environments with high elevation, low precipitation, and have a short growing season. These challenges include management of persistent weeds, maintaining biodiversity, an... E. Moore, U. Norton |
16. Developing, Delineating, and Managing Production Level Nutrient Management ZonesGrid soil sampling has been used to develop nutrient maps to guide precision fertilizer applications since the inception of precision agriculture. However, the cost and labor associated with collection and analysis of soil samples to accurately describe spatial properties of fields can be prohibitive for most agronomic crops. As a result of these limitations, much interest is now being directed to the use of production level “management zones” (MZ) to allow i... W. Gangloff, D. Westfall, R. Khosla, T. Shaver, H. Farahani |
17. Development and Use of the Soil Management Assessment FrameworkSoils perform a number of critical functions essential to productivity and environmental quality. Management practices affect these soil functions. However, spatial and temporal variation and the slow rate of change in many soil properties make it difficult to assess the effects of management on soil functions. Tools are needed to assist managers in making assessments of the effect their management practices are having on the soil resource. The Soil... B. Wienhold, S. Andrews |
18. Dissolution of Granular Fertilizers and Diffusion/lability of P from Fluid and Granular Fertilizers in Alkaline and Calcareous Soils of Southern AustraliaUnlike many soils in Europe and North America, many Australian soils are still responsive to additions of P fertilizer, especially alkaline and/or calcareous soils that dominate the low rainfall zone of southern Australia. Poor responses to granular fertilizers in these areas have recently stimulated a swing by grain growers towards the use of fluid formulations, often resulting in significant yield responses. Laboratory experiments examining P diffusion were undertaken ... E. Lombi, M. Mclaughlin, C. Johnston, T. Mcbeath, S. Stacey, R. Armstrong, R. Holloway |
19. Does Late-season Nitrogen Impact Grain Protein Concentration in Wheat? A Global Meta-analysisSustainable improvements in wheat production entails increasing yield while maintaining or improving grain quality, which most of the time are negatively correlated. However, attemps to synchronize N supply with crop N demand through N timing can help to obtain both improved yield and quality by enhancing N use efficiency (NUE) and reducing N losses. Late season applied N is a challenging practice that when used correctly can generate posite NUE impacts. Additionally, a systematic ... R. Lollato, N. Giordano |
20. Dramatic Soil Health Changes After 18 Years of Different Nitrogen Rates and Cropping Systems in the Northern Great PlainsRelatively few long-term cropping and nitrogen rates studies have been conducted in the semi-arid northern Great Plains that assess soil health changes. A cropping system study was initiated in 2002 in Bozeman, Montana (~400 mm annual precipitation) with wheat grown in even years, and either tilled fallow or one of the following no-till systems in odd years: fallow, wheat, pea grain, pea hay, pea green manure, and an alfalfa-grass (until 2012) followed by pea grain. N was applied at either 50... C. Jones, P. Miller, C. Zabinski, W. Fouts |
21. Economics of Variable-rate N Management on CornOver the past several years’ growers have begun to adopt and implement the use of precision farming technologies. Growers and practicing consultants continue to question the profitability of this technology. No data currently exists in the Western Great Plains region demonstrating the economic feasibility of precision farming technology. The objective of this study was to assess the economics of uniform versus variable-rate nitrogen (N) fertilizer applic... R. Khosla, B. Koch, D. Westfall, M. Frasier |
22. Effect of Manure Applications Compared to Commercial Fertilizer for Total Nitrogen in Dryland Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)The Magruder plots are one of the staples in research agriculture not only in Oklahoma but across the country. The historic data gathered from the Magruder Plots allows for the analysis of long term data sets in excess of 124 years of data. The Magruder treatment structure allows for the comparison of the added benefits of manure applications as compared to inorganic sources of fertilizers. Manure applications were made once every four years as a total nitrogen source compared to annual... B. Arnall, R. Singh, R. Sharry |
23. Effect of Nitrogen Rate and Timing of Application on Stockpiled BermudagrassFeeding hay through the winter contributes a large portion of the costs associated with cow-calf production. Forage management strategies to lengthen the grazing season and reduce hay consumption would be beneficial in increasing profitability. Stockpiling bermudagrass for livestock consumption in late fall and winter has not been thoroughly evaluated in southern Oklahoma. This study was initiated at Burneyville, Oklahoma in 2000 to determine the effect of N rate and timing of appl... J. Ball, W. Thomason, F. Motal, S. Norton |
24. Effect of Phosphorus Rates on Bermudagrass Yields in Three Southern Oklahoma Locations in 2002-2003Small plot research tests were established on cooperating farmers’ fields in three south central Oklahoma locations in 2002 and continued in 2003. These included a Weatherford soil testing low in extractable P (Mehlich 3), a Port soil testing low in P and a Lela soil testing high in P. Rates of applied P fertilizer were 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 lbs of P2O5per acre. There were 4 replications of each rate. All plots received 200 lbs N and 120 ... E. Funderburg, D. Annis |
25. Effect of Rate and Timing of Nitrogen Applications on Forage Sorghum Biomass YieldForage Sorghum (Sorghum-Sudan grass) is a forage crop harvested in the form of silage or dry-hay and is intended to distribute to livestock as feed. The research objective for this study is to observe how nitrogen timing plays a role in crop total biomass yield. Observations and data were collected during the 2021 growing season, with a total of two harvests allowed due to weather conditions in the area. This trial was conducted at two locations: Lake Carl Blackwell near Stillwater, Oklahoma ... B. Arnall, S. Sawatzky, S. Akin, M. Thomas, R. Singh, W.R. Raun |
26. Effect of Soil and Foliar Application of Sulfur, Magnesium, Boron, and Zinc on Root Yield and Sugar Quality in Conventional Till and No Till Sugar BeetField experiment was conducted at the Eastern Agricultural Research Center in Sidney, MT, to determine the effect of S, Mg, B, and Zn on beet yield and sugar quality under conventional and no-till system. Split-plot design was used with 3.6 x 9.1 m experimental plots and four replicates. Tillage was main plot and micronutrient fertilizer was sub-plot. Tillage treatments included conventional and no-till. Fertilizer treatments included SUL4R-PLUS® (Ca & S... C. Lim, C. Chen, C. Kowatch-carlson, B. Franck, T. Gross, R. Brown |
27. Effect of Starter Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrogen Fixation of Soybeans in the Northern Great PlainsEnvironmental conditions at the time soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) are planted in the northern Great Plains are such that nitrogen (N) fixation may not occur immediately, therefore additions of N as starter fertilizer may increase initial growth of soybeans and possibly increase yield and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of soybeans to low rates of N applied at planting. A field experiment was established within a two-year corn... S. Osborne, W. Riedell |
28. Effects of Climate Change and Narrow Rows with Higher Plant Densities on Yields of Irrigated CornClimate change is significantly impacting agricultural systems worldwide, and although there are reports of these impacts contributing to higher yields in some regions, the general consensus is that there will be negative impacts on yields and soil quality across large regions. Management practices that can contribute to higher yields and adaptation to a changing climate will be important during the 21st century. This presentation will cover results from two manuscripts that are current... J.A. Delgado, B. Floyd, R. D'adamo, A. Villacis, A.D. Brandt, A. Halvorson, C.E. Stewart, J. Alwang, S. Del grosso, D.K. Manter |
29. Effects of Phosphorus and Potassium Application Timing on a Wheat Double Crop Soybean SystemThe wheat-double crop soybean system is a popular choice for Oklahoma producers, as it allows for two crops in one year, and therefore, more revenue in less time. With favorable conditions and proper management, double crop soybeans are yielding as well as full season soybeans. Weather pattern shifts over the last few years have raised the question for growers if they should invest more into the summer double crop, as there is growing potential for profit. While atte... H. Lovewell, B. Finch, R. Sharry , M. Smith, J. Souza, B. Arnall |
30. Effects of Potassium and Boron on Cotton Lint YieldThe importance of potassium (K) is numerously documented as it’s essential for photosynthesis, stomatal regulation, enzyme activation and chlorophyll development. While a majority of cotton production occurs in the southwest portion of Oklahoma, producers from south to northwest are implementing rotations of cotton and wheat. In the western portion of the state soil pH becomes increasingly alkaline [whereas areas in wheat production are predominantly acidic]. Although K becomes more ava... M. Smith, B. Arnall |
31. Evaluation of Mehlich-3 for Determination of Cation Exchange Capacity in Kansas SoilsSoil testing laboratories across the United States have implemented the Mehlich-3 (M3) extraction method for phosphorus (P) and other nutrients. Though M3 is known to work well as a multinutrient extractant, it raises concerns for measuring exchangeable cations, particularly in calcareous soils. The objectives of this study were (a) to evaluate M3 as an extractant for base cations for Kansas soils, (b) to identify a range of soil pH where M3 may be a suitable replacement for ammonium ace... B. Rutter, D. Ruiz diaz |
32. Evaluation of Soil Test Phosphorus Extractants and Tissue Analysis for Corn in KansasPhosphorus (P) is a critical nutrient for corn (Zea mays L.) productivity. Determining an appropriate concentration of soil test phosphorus (STP) and P tissue concentrations is a fundamental step needed to make accurate phosphorus management decisions. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of four different STP methods (Mehlich 3, Bray 1, Bray 2, and H3A) for corn production and determine critical P tissue concentration at different growing stages. The stu... G. Roa, D. Ruiz diaz |
33. Evaluation of Starter Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates for Grain Sorghum Production in the Southern Great PlainsNitrogen (N) is the most essential nutrient for plant growth and is often the most limiting in crop production. Timely applications of N throughout the growing season are critical to maximizing crop yield. Applying N at planting has proven to be an effective practice, giving plants accessible N early on to increase vegetative growth. Although this is commonly practiced in corn production throughout the Oklahoma and Kansas area, little research has been conducted concerning proper N starter ra... M. Thomas, B. Arnall |
34. Evaluation of Summer Forage Tillage Management in Winter Wheat Graze out ProductionThis is a long term study conducted in central Oklahoma evaluating management of a winter wheat graze out system. This study focuses on the impact of the implementation of a summr fallow replacement forage crop into a winter wheat graze out production system, as well as the utilization of tillage management of conventrional tillage versus no-till systems and the impacts on forage production. ... B. Finch, B. Arnall |
35. Fertility Management for the Pulse-based Cropping Systems in the Semiarid Northern Great PlainsAnnual crop production of the semiarid Northern Great Plains has historically been dominated by cereals, chiefly spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var durum). Low prices for cereal grains, coupled with increasing production problems in wheat- based monoculture systems, are encouraging producers to seek alternative to cereals. In the past two decades, the area devoted to production of annual pulse crops has increased significantly in the semi... Y. Gan, B. Mcconkey, G. Clayton, G. Lafond, F. Walley |
36. Fertilizer Management for Strip-till and No-till Corn ProductionStrip-tillage for corn production can be advantageous over no-till, particularly in areas with heavy soils and high rainfall during spring months. Under these conditions in no-till systems, planting delays and/or slow, uneven emergence are common. Strip-tillage creates a narrow tilled area for the seedbed while maintaining the inter-row residue cover, allowing for erosion protection associated with no-till, yet providing an area in the row where the soil will dry out and... L. Ferdinand, R. Lamond, B. Gordon, K. Janssen, C. Godsey |
37. Functional Significance of Glomalin to Soil FertilityIn the U.S., soil is lost to wind and water erosion at a rate of nearly 2 billion tons yr-1. The formation of aggregates helps stabilize soil and increase soil fertility and water relationships. Organic matter concentration is correlated with the percentage of water-stable aggregates (WSA). The hypothesis of this study was that glomalin, a glycoproteinaceous substance produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, would be a major fraction of organic C in WSA. Four... K. Nichols, S. Wright, M. Liebig, J. Pikul jr. |
38. Harvest Grain and Crop Residue Yield Differences in Crop Rotation and Residue Management Systems in Tillage Transition in Eastern South DakotaA long-term field study was established in Brookings, SD to investigate the impact of crop rotation, tillage, and residue management on grain yield and crop residue production. These results were compiled when this field was undergoing a transition in the influence of two contrasting tillage systems in the first four years of the study. Initial soil test results indicated that the organic matter levels and pH as well as extractable K and orthophosphate-P (0-6") were high. ... H. Woodard, A. Bly |
39. Impact of Diversified Rotation on Corn N Uptake, Yield, and Soil QualityIncreased length of rotation and increased crop diversity may improve efficiency of water and nitrogen (N) use by corn (Zea mays L.) and soil quality. Objectives were to determine the effect of diversified crop rotation on: 1) N-fertilizer use efficiency (NUE) of corn, 2) water use efficiency (WUE) of corn, and 3) temporal change in soil quality attributes. An experiment was started in 1997 on a Barnes clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Calcic Hapludo... J. Pikul jr. |
40. Impact of Nitrogen Fertilizer Source and Application Date on the Yield and the Quality of Winter WheatNitrogen (N) is one of the most important and critical nutrient elements in agricultural systems, and its effect directly affects crop productivity and nutrient content. Our field studies were related to the wheat Crop. They were conducted in four locations to evaluate the effect of various Nitrogen sources (SuperU, Urea, UAN and UAN+Anvol) applied at three different times (pre, greenup and jointing). The experimental design of the four locations was randomized complete w... H. Moulay, B. Arnall |
41. In-season Changes of Soil Mineral Nitrogen with Nitrogen Fertilizer and Nitrification Inhibitor in CornUnderstanding the role that soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) plays in the growth and productivity of corn is crucial. Nitrogen (N) demands vary during the growing season, and maintaining a sufficient amount of N in the form of ammonium (NH4+), or nitrate (NO3-) during the peak times of plant N uptake can help support high yields. The objective of this study was to assess changes and the supply of soil mineral nitrogen during the growing season in corn under field conditions in Kansas. This study w... P. Morinigo, D. Ruiz diaz |
42. In-season Nitrogen Application Method Influence on Grain Sorghum PerformanceGrain sorghum production in the United States is concentrated in the great plains. This region is prone too harsh environments that may provide opportunities for extensive N losses when relying on pre-plant N application alone. This problem may be alleviated through moving N application later in the growing season to optimize N availability when plant N uptake is most required to prevent yield loss. However, fertilizer application equipment availability may be limited for many producers in th... R.L. Sharry, B. Arnall |
43. Increasing Winter Wheat Grain Yield By Replicating the Management Adopted in High-Yielding Commercial FieldsLarge winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield gaps between farmer yields and yield potential in the southern Great Plains indicate the need to improve recommendations of best management strategies to profitably bridge this gap. Many studies have been completed on individual management factors pre-determined by the individual researcher, but we are not aware of studies comparing combination of practices that producers are currently using, which would be more relevant for real-world sce... L.P. Ryan, R.P. Lollato, L. Haag, J. Holman |
44. Influence of Nitrogen Rate Application on Soil Fertility in Four Long Term Experiments SitesTotal organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) are the most important components of the soil as they are key indicators of its quality and productivity. Nitrogen fertilization is an effective management practice for improving and maintaining soil fertility and enhancing crop productivity. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of different Nitrogen rate application on SOC and TN. This study was carried out in four separate long-term sites across Oklahoma State, established... M. Maatougui, B. Arnall |
45. Innovative Corn and Soybean Production Systems for the Great PlainsIn an eight-year study of twin row planting, our intentions were to see if additional spacing per plant would allow more ear flex and more cubic foot of soil mass per plant. In the first five years of study, over 5000 acres were planted, in five states. In each of those five years, we continually added new and upgraded agronomic facts that we held to be true, i.e. PPI work on deeper P placement, Dr. Barnie Gordons work on high N starters, split applications and precisional placemen... |
46. Irrigated Corn Response to Nitrogen Fertilization in the Colorado Arkansas ValleyHigh levels of residual NO3-N are present in the soils in the Arkansas River Valley where alfalfa, grains, and vegetable crops are produced. Nitrogen requirements to optimize yield potential of crops, such as corn, following vegetables needs to be evaluated to reduce NO3-N leaching potential in the Valley where high NO3-N levels have been reported in the ground water. The effects of N source (urea and Polyon®3) and fertilizer N rate on corn yields were evaluated for 4 years.&nb... A. Halvorson, F. Schweeissing, M. Bartolo, C. Reule |
47. Is There a Need to Provide N and S to Canola in Any Given Ratio?The importance of N and S nutrition of canola is well recognized (Janzen and Bettany 1984; Bailey 1986; Grant and Bailey 1993; Jackson 2000; Malhi and Leach 2002). Agronomists today are recommending that a N:S ratio of between 5:1 and 7:1 is adhered to when fertilizer N and S are applied. This is also reflected in the provincial recommendations. Thus, Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development (2001) point out that optimum canola requires an N:S ratio of ... R. Karamanos, T. Boon goh, D. Poisson |
48. Kansas State University Fertilizer Recommendation RevisionsSoil testing has long been recognized as the cornerstone for developing cost effective, efficient and environmentally sound nutrient management programs. However, there are still many acres that do not have a sound soil test history. This indicates that there is still much education needed to increase farmer acceptance of soil testing in developing agronomically sound and profitable nutrient management programs. At the same time, USDA is placing increased emph... D. Leikam, R. Lamond, D. Mengel |
49. Kernza in Wyoming: Evaluating Perennial Grains to Revitalize Wyoming Dryland AgricultureKernza, a perennial grain crop harvested from intermediate wheatgrass, has the potential to provide a sustainable alternative to wheat-fallow agriculture that can build soil health. Kernza had not yet been planted in Wyoming, where the drier climate presents unique challenges yet stands to particularly benefit from the adoption of a perennial crop. From spring 2021-2024, Kernza will be grown on five farms across southeast Wyoming under a variety of management strategies. We aim to determine K... H. Rodgers, J.B. Norton, L.T. Van diepen |
50. Legacy Impacts of Cattle Grazing on Soil N2O and CH4 Fluxes in Shortgrass SteppeGrazing cattle directly emit CH4 from enteric fermentation and contribute to soil N gas emissions related to nitrogen and organic matter additions from urine and manure deposits. Grazed soils can be sources or sinks of CH4, depending on moisture levels and localized manure patches. N2O emissions are related to availability of water as well as mineral N and labile C substrates in soil. Previously, we observed higher N2O and NH3 losses from fresh patches of urine and manure compared t... S. Del grosso, J. Derner, J. Delgado |
51. Lentil Inoculant, Potassium, Sulfur, and Micronutrient Effects on Yield and Protein in the Northern Great PlainsLentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is an important crop, averaging more than 600,000 ac in MT and ND from 2016-20. However, relatively little is known about inoculant and fertility response in lentil in the U.S. northern Great Plains. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of rhizobial inoculant formulations (granular and seed-coat) and nutrient additions (K, S, and micronutrients), on lentil growth, yield, and seed protein. This study was conducted at six or seven univ... P. Miller, C. Jones, S. Atencio, C. Chen, E. Eriksmoen, S. Fordyce, P. Lamb, M. Ostlie, J. Rickertsen, M.A. Grusak, M. Bourgault, B. Franck, P. Carr, S. Koeshall, K. Baber |
52. Lentil Nitrogen Fixation Response to Fertilizer and Inoculant in the Northern Great PlainsLentil production in the semi-arid northern Great Plains has increased dramatically over the past two decades, providing agroecosystem benefits of efficient water use, pest cycle disruption, and biological nitrogen (N) fixation. Through N fixation, lentil may help alleviate soil acidification and groundwater contamination by reducing N fertilizer needs. Despite widespread farmer adoption of lentil in the region, little is known about the benefits of fertilizer or inoculant type concerning N f... K. Baber, C. Jones, P. Miller, S. Koeshall |
53. Long-Term Effects of a Large Composted Cattle Manure Application Followed by Cover Crops to Organic Dryland Winter Wheat Cropping SystemsOrganic agriculture in semi-arid environments can face several challenges in order to produce a successful crop. These include nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies, moisture limitations, and high weed competition. Organic winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)-fallow systems can be amended with composted cattle manure and with green manure from cover crops grown in the fallow phase to help increase wheat yields and quality. Cattle manure can improve soil health with t... C. Helseth, U. Norton |
54. Management Effects on Maturity, Seed Yield, and N2-fixation in Dry BeanThe association between dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) and its associated Rhizobium symbiont (R. phaseoli) has been shown to be inefficient and as such, unable to provide adequate N for maximum bean production. Fertilization with inorganic N is sometimes recommended, but disadvantages of adding fertilizer N include delayed maturity and possible inhibition of N2 fixation. It is unknown whether N fertilizer applications are most beneficial during early growth s... K. Maxwell, B. Stevens |
55. Management of High Yielding Canola CultivarsYield potential of new canola varieties is much higher than older ones, raising questions about whether current management recommendations are adequate to ensure optimum yield. One question that arises is whether such varieties require greater inputs of fertilizer nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N), to realize optimum economic returns. We initiated a three level factorial experiment to investigate the impact of 3 seeding rates, 3 target fertility levels and a fungicide... S. Brandt, D. Ulrich, G. Lafond, R. Kutcher, S. Malhi, A. Johnston |
56. Managing Drought Risk with Post-emergent N Appliactions in Spring Wheat and CanolaFertilizer nitrogen accounts for the largest portion of total fertilizer costs. Unlike other nutrients like P and K, nitrogen is more prone to losses from leaching, nitrous oxide emission and denitrification. Producers are interested in more effective ways of managing the risks associated with N management, especially in the drier areas of the Canadian Prairies. Two separate studies were conducted. The first one examined the feasibility of post-emer... G. Lafond, S. Brandt, A. Johnston, W. May |
57. Managing Soil Acidity in Continous No-tillRecently, management of acidic soils in no-till cropping systems has become an important issue with increasing acreages of no-till and continued surface application of nitrogen fertilizer. Our objectives were to identify vertical movement of surface applied lime, determine the most effective type of lime in changing soil pH, and determine the correct application rate of lime for no-till soils. Two sites were selected for small-plot studies in south-central Kansas in 2000... C. Godsey, R. Lamond, L. Ferdinand |
58. Measuring N2O Emissions from Dryland Sorghum Production Using Gas Chamber and Eddy Covariance Flux MethodsNitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are not well quantified in the dryland production systems of the Great Plains. Lack of field-based data has led to the use of questionable assumptions in various life-cycle analyses when dryland grain production is a feedstock. A field-scale trial of 81 acres was established within a 160 acre production field of dryland grain sorghum in northwest Kansas in 2021. Grain sorghum was no-till seeded into wheat stubble. Grower practices for nitr... L. Haag, P. Tomlinson, S. Patel, E. Santos |
59. Microplastics in Sweet Corn: Polymer Coated FertilizersPolymer coated fertilizers enhance nutrient efficiency and potentially reduce environmental nutrient loss. However, heavy runoff can carry microplastics into waterways and could negatively impact aquatic or terrestrial environments (Alimi, 2018). The objective of this project is to determine the microplastics concentrations in runoff water in sweet corn (Zea mays ‘sweetness’) with various placement methods. The full factorial study design consisted of three fert... B.G. Hopkins, B.T. Geary, C.J. Seely |
60. Microplastics in Urban Landscapes: Polymer Coated FertilizersThe introduction and use of polymer coated fertilizers in urban landscapes has proven beneficial in supplying nutrients with less loss to the environment. However, these have recently come under scrutiny due to concerns with microplastics in the environment (Alimi). The objectives of this study were to determine the microplastics concentrations in runoff water in urban landscapes. The full factorial study design consisted of three fertilizer sources (Uncoated Dry and Coated Dry) with all... C.J. Seely, B.T. Geary, B.G. Hopkins |
61. Next Generation Application TechnologyNew technologies and new applications of new and existing technologies continue to be integrated into equipment for the application of crop production inputs including fertilizer, pesticides and seed. GPS assisted steering now allows “hands off” steering of self-propelled applicators and tractors. Results include better application accuracy, improved machine efficiency and less operator fatigue. Variable rate liquid systems are available to compete... N. Wollenhaupt |
62. Nitrogen and Crop Management Influence Irrigated Corn Yields and Greenhouse Gas EmissionsThe influence of tillage system and N fertility on corn grain yields, residue C inputs to the soil, soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, NO3-N leaching potential, and greenhouse gas emissions under irrigated continuous corn production was evaluated. Corn was produced on a Fort Collins clay loam using no-till (NT) and conventional-till (CT) systems at several N fertility levels. Soil and plant data have been collected since the spring of 1999. Corn grain yi... A. Halvorson, A. Mosier, C. Reule |
63. Nitrogen and Sulfur Colimitation to Winter Wheat YieldSulfur has become more limiting for wheat production in the Great Plains, and its deficiency can interact with N availability. The current work reports on yield and yield gaps of three winter wheat varieties as affected by N and S fertilization using the concept of co-limitation (CNS). Field studies evaluating 0, 10, 20 and 40 lbs S/a combined factorials with 50, 100, and 150 lbs N/ac and three hard red winter wheat varieties were conducted in eight environments resulting from ... R. Lollato, B.R. Jaenich, N. Nelson, M. Guttieri, D. Ruiz diaz, V. Sadras |
64. Nitrogen Fertilizer Application and Depth of Moist Soil at Planting Affected Grain Sorghum YieldThe depth of moist soil before planting is critical for grain crop production in intensified dryland cropping systems. We investigated depth of moist soil at planting and nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rate effects on continuous grain sorghum yields on a Crete silt loam soil over 32-years in western Kansas. Treatments were four N rates (0, 20, 40 and 60 lb ac-1) in a randomized complete blocks design with four replication and depth of moist soil at planting determined with Pau... A.K. Obour, J.D. Holman, Y.M. Assefa, L.M. Simon, P. Mauler |
65. Nitrogen Response of 2-Row Barley in North DakotaIn about 2019, the major malting barley buyers moved from 6-row barley cultivars to 2-row barley cultivars. The N response of 6-row barley was well-established, however, little local data regarding 2-row cultivar N response was available. A 2-year study was conducted in North Dakota on two sites, using two cultivars at each site. Rates of N from 0 to 160 pounds N per acre were imposed on each cultivar. One site was in a long-term (30+ years) no-till system, while the other site was in a trans... A. Wick, D. Franzen, B. Goettl |
66. Nodulation and Yield Responses to “Starter” N and P in Field Pea, Lentil, and Chickpea in the Semiarid Northern Great PlainsGrain legumes require a high level of N fertility to achieve maximum yield and protein (Sosulski et al., 1974; Sosulski and Buchan, 1978). In these 1970’s and 1980’s studies, nodulation and nitrogenase activity were generally poor even when the legumes were inoculated with rhizobia (Sosulski and Buchan, 1978). Although indigenous populations of rhizobia are often present in the soils, they might be ineffective for inducing N2 fixation under semiarid environments (Kucey and Hy... Y. Gan, G. Clayton, G. Lafond, F. Walley, B. Mcconkey |
67. Nutrient Cycling Following Cover Crop Termination in Texas Cotton ProductionCover crop adoption on the Texas High Plains (THP) is severely limited compared to other agricultural regions in the U.S. Cotton producers on the THP consistently site water limitations as the primary reason for not implementing cover crops in their cropping systems. Previous research on the THP has shown that nitrogen immobilization following cover crop termination might be the most leading consequence of cover crops, not water availability. A study was initiated into existing long term... J.A. Burke, K.L. Lewis, J.L. Foster |
68. Nutrient Distribution and Uptake: Homogeneous Vs. Heterogeneous Fertilizer BlendsApplication of concentrated boron (B) fertilizers is potentially a problem for crops with a narrow root cylinder as some plants may receive the B while others are not in close enough proximity. The objective of this trial was to evaluate a low concentration B fertilizer in a variety of crops. Uptake of B was measured and compared to known B sufficiency levels. Crops with a relatively narrow root cylinder diameter (Kentucky bluegrass turfgrass, onion, carrot, and alfalfa) that were fertilized ... J.D. Ioannou, B.G. Hopkins |
69. Nutrient Management in Cotton-sorghum Vs. Continuous Cotton RotationsThis study seeks to provide information to High Plains producers on soil fertility requirements for cotton grown in rotation with sorghum. The benefits of rotation on yields and soil properties are also being studied. It is known that the practice of crop rotation benefits the soil and crops from the standpoint of soil fertility, pests, and diseases. In this project we tested cotton-cotton and cotton-sorghum rotations. Within these cropping systems ... K. Bronson, J. Booker, W. Keeling, C. Trostle |
70. Phosphorus Fertilizer Effects on Forage, Beef and Grain Production from Winter WheatPhosphorus fertilizer was surface applied or injected in a NPS solution and compared to a surface-applied NS solution to determine if fall forage production could be increased by P applications and to determine if the additional forage could be captured through beef production to make the P applications profitable. The experimental units were nine 25-acre pastures in which the three treatments were replicated three times and grazed with yearling stocker calves in two management sys... D. Robinson, J. Sij, W. Pinchak, R. Gill, S. Bevers, D. Mallinowski, T. Baughman |
71. Plant Availability of Phosphorus in Swine Slurry and Cattle Feedlot ManureTo utilize manure phosphorus (P) for crop production, the amount of P that is mineralized and subsequently becomes plant available needs to be determined. A laboratory incubation study was conducted to determine P release and availability from applied swine and cattle feedlot manure in three soils. Treatments included incubation temperature (11, 18, 25, and 32 oC), P source (swine and beef cattle feedlot manure, synthetic fertilizer, and no manure or fertilizer), wa... B. Eghball, B. Wienhold, B. Woodbury, R. Eigenberg |
72. Point Vs. Area Grid Soil Sampling in the Great PlainsTraditionally, soil sampling has relied on the approach of collecting multiple cores (or sub-samples) from the entire area of interest (e.g., a field), and then combining them into a single soil sample for analyses. Samples were collected from throughout the area with recognition that soil fertility varied spatially. Where greater spatial variability was anticipated, size of sampling area usually was reduced to provide a better estimate of soil fertility. Unfo... T. Kastens, K. Dhuyvetter, J. Schmidt |
73. Positional Availability of Phosphorus from Surface Fertilizer BandsOur objective in this field study was to determine the relative distribution of P applied as a liquid starter fertilizer in a surface band during the early part of the corn growing season. Research was conducted during three years (2001-2003) at three locations in central Iowa. Exchange-resin membranes were used to characterize P movement. Treatments consisted of a control and 15-30-10 or 60-30-10 starter dribbled (30 gal./A) on the soil surface two inche... J. Kovar, P. Schroeder, K. Washburn |
74. Post-Wheat Summer Cover Crop Effects Crop Yields and Soil Properties in a No-till Dryland Cropping SystemTraditional dryland cropping systems in the semi-arid Great Plains include long fallow periods of up to 14 months to conserve soil moisture. However, such systems are inefficient even under continuous no-till (NT) management. As less water is necessary to produce forage compared to grain, cover crops (CCs) may be successfully integrated into dryland crop rotations for increased soil cover and potentially greater income when hayed or grazed as annual forages. One study was initiated in 2016 ne... L.M. Simon, A.K. Obour, J.D. Holman, M.E. Schipanski, S.K. Johnson, K.L. Roozeboom |
75. Potassium Fertilization of Corn in Reduced Tillage Production SystemsPotassium (K) deficiency can be a problem on soils that have been managed with reduced tillage practices. The large amount of residue left on the soil surface can depress soil temperature and interfere with plant growth, nutrient uptake, and ultimately grain yield. Soil temperature influences both K up-take by root and K diffusion through the soil. The appearance of K deficiency in fields managed with conservation tillage systems has been reported with greater frequency in resent y... B. Gordon |
76. Precision Mapping Technology in Dryland Cropping SystemIncreasing availability of cropland geospatial data are providing farmers with opportunities but also challenges in interpreting these data for precision cropland management decisions. The objective of this study is to evaluate spatial variability and precision management decisions using mapping technology in dryland cropping system. The study was initiated in 2018 in Akron, Colorado on field size plots ranged from 2.4 to 4.5 ha (6-11 acres) with substantial production variability. ... M.M. Mikha, D.M. Barnard, K.R. Mankin |
77. Quantifying Nitrate Leaching in Sandy Soils As Affected by N and Water ManagementEfficient use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer for corn production is important for maximizing economic return and minimizing NO3 leaching to groundwater, especially on irrigated, sandy soils. The objectives of this study were to quantify the NO3leaching for a sandy soil typical of Kansas’ tributaries, under current and alternative N and water management strategies for irrigated corn. Six fields were selected in 2001 and 2002 along the Republican (1), Kansas (2), and... R. Gehl, J. Schmidt, L. Stone, L. Maddux |
78. Rapid Removal of Subsoil N by Conventional and Non-N-fixing AlfalfaNitrate contamination of groundwater is an increasingly serious health issue in the Central High Plains. Although better water and fertilizer management techniques have reduced the rate of leaching from many irrigated fields, high concentrations of residual nitrate accumulating are still observed just below the root zone of irrigated row crops, particularly in fields with a history of animal waste application. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) may be the ideal crop for r... T. Willson |
79. Real-time, In-season Nitrogen Application Using Optical SensorsVariable rate application of fertilizer materials for cereal crop production has been an intense area of research for the last several years. Non-destructive methods of plant analysis, namely crop reflectance based vegetative indices, have been evaluated and researched to determine which provides the best in-season information to make fertilizer recommendations. Because nitrogen (N) fertilizer is typically the largest seasonal crop input (with the exception of water, if ... R. Mullen, W. Raun, G. Johnson, M. Stone, J. Solie, K. Freeman |
80. Relationship Between Plant Nitrogen and NDVI of Cotton on the Texas High PlainsNitrogen (N) is one of the most limiting factors in Texas High Plains cotton production (Bronson et al., 2001). Nitrogen build-up in cotton is near maximum for the season at first open boll, when leaf senescence begins (Li et al., 2001). Lint yield response to N is difficult to predict due to N response relying on water management and initial soil nitrate (NO3--N) (Morrow and Krieg, 1990). Normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) is a tool that has been used to mana... A. Bumguardner, K. Lewis, G. Ritchie, K. Bronson, M. Maeda |
81. Safening Seed Placed Urea with Agrotain®The introduction of no-till and direct seeding in the western Canadian prairies has necessitated placing urea N fertilizer with the seed in the majority of cases. Plant stand reduction due to seed-placement of high rates of urea N fertilizers is attributed to the toxic effects of ammonia/ammonium. Current guidelines for seed-row placement of nitrogen in general and urea in particular to avert seedling damage are based on seedbed utilization, soil texture (Saskatchewan Ag... R. Karamanos, J. Harapiak |
82. Satellite Imagery for Small Plot Research and Precision Farming - Nitrogen Relationships in Irrigated CornHigh quality satellite imagery that recently became available may be useful for predicting the N status of crops, need for additional N fertilization, and crop yield potential. Our objective was to determine if the high-resolution digital images from the QuickBird™ satellite launched in late 2001 had potential in predicting irrigated corn biomass and grain yields and available N at planting as indicated by leaf color on 27 July 2002 from conventional till and no-till research... J. Cipra, A. Halvorson |
83. Snapshot of Crop Nutrient Balance with Use of a Rye Cover Crop in a Corn-soybean Rotation Under Tile Drainage in Eastern South DakotaThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of using a winter rye cover crop within a corn/soybean rotation (rye seeded every fall and burned down each spring) on drainage water quality, crop nutrient status, and grain yield. Use of a winter rye cover crop to take up available N from the soil profile is a management tool that may help to lessen nutrient movement out of the soil profile while at the same time contributing to improved soil health. Winter rye is very winter ... P. Sexton, S. Kumar, S. Osborne, B. Brockmueller, A. Bly, B. Rops, A. Bawa, S. Bauder, J. Mcmaine |
84. Soil Analysis Methods Accuracy and Precision Comparison: Historical North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) Program ResultsThe SSSA-NAPT Program provides open access to soil, water, and plant laboratory data. This data is collected quarterly from about 150 participating laboratories. For soil data, five samples are sent to participant laboratories for them to submit data for any or all of the 99 accepted methods. Our objective was to evaluate data precision from 43 soil samples (2019-2021). A measure of precision was made by dividing the Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) by the Median for each of the 43 sample... B.G. Hopkins, G.E. Cardon, J.R. Lawley |
85. Soil Carbon and Agroecosystem Benefits of Conservation Management and Perennial Bioenergy Crop ProductionConservation agricultural management practices and perennial bioenergy crops can increase soil organic C (SOC) stocks on marginal soils yet the time necessary to observe these benefits, as well as the upper limit of C storage isn’t known. Co-benefits often associated with SOC accumulation are positive effects on water and nutrient retention, soil microbial biomass and diversity and soil structure, resulting in better soil quality. However, interactions between nitrogen fertilizer, crop ... C.E. Stewart, V.L. Jin, M.R. Schmer, R.B. Mitchell, C. Williams, G.L. Miner |
86. Soil Health and Cotton Production in the Semi-arid Texas High PlainsSoil health has become a ubiquitous term in agriculture, but little is known about the impact of cropping system management on soil health metrics in semi-arid regions because of the majority of research has been conducted in humid or sub-humid regions of the United States. As a leading commodity of the semi-arid Southwest, cotton is an ideal candidate for soil health review. The purpose of this study was to assess a proposed set of soil health metrics in cotton production on the semi-arid Te... J. Burke, K. Lewis, P. Delaune |
87. Soil Health Comparison in Organic and Conventional Cotton-Peanut Rotations in the Texas Plains RegionOrganic farming has been increasingly adopted in the Texas High Plains (THP), but restrictions on synthetic fertilizer use may be problematic if a system cannot mineralize sufficient nutrients from organic matter breakdown to meet crop needs. Cover crops are a tool utilized by both organic and conventional producers for nutrient management, weed control and soil conservation. A one-year study was conducted in organic peanuts in Lubbock and Vernon, TX, to assess the ability of cover crop... N. Boogades, K. Lewis, T. Gentry, P. Delaune, L.M. Ellman-stortz |
88. Soil Nitrogen Dynamics from Various Legume Crops Used for Fertiliy in Organic Fruit ProductionThe increasing cost of importing animal manures for organic fruit orchard fertility has forced growers to seek alternative sources of organic nutrient inputs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen (N) dynamics of several on-farm N sources as a viable supply of organic N fertilizer. The timing of N mineralization is also critical to achieving good fruit production. Four year old organic Suncrest peach trees were used for this study. &nbs... R. Godin, S. Ela, K. Schultz |
89. Soil Phosphorus Forms and Cycling Are Altered by Acidification from Nitrogen Fertilization in Long-term Wheat Plots in Swift Current, SaskatchewanSoil acidification from high rates of nitrogen (N) fertilization is recognized as a significant problem in many countries, altering many aspects of soil health. However, new research suggests that this is also a problem for soils receiving lower rates of ammonium-N (NH4-N) over long time periods, including on the North American Great Plains. Soil phosphorus (P) cycling is particularly vulnerable to acidification, because P is optimally soluble in soils within a limited pH range. Th... B. Cade-menun, L. Bainard |
90. Soil Physical Quality Effects of Novel Perennial Grain Cropping at Two Contrasting Sites in Alberta, CanadaNovel perennial grain crops have been proposed as a solution to several environmental issues facing modern agriculture, namely the loss of soil quality often associated with annual monocrops. Abundant literature has stressed the importance of good soil quality for maintaining and improving ecosystem services provided by agricultural systems including, but not limited to, soil carbon sequestration, disease suppression and water filtration. Conversion of annual croplands to perennial systems ha... E. Daly, K. Kim , G. Hernandez-ramirez, K. Klimchuk |
91. Soil Properties Affected by Grazing and Tillage of Annual ForagesNo-till (NT) management of annual crop production systems increases precipitation capture and storage. However, compaction with annual livestock grazing and the development of herbicide resistant weeds present challenges to long-term NT. An on-farm study was established in 2016 near Jetmore, KS to investigate the influence of annual tillage with a sweep plow compared to NT in a grazed continuous winter triticale production system. Forage productivity as well as weed density and soil propertie... P. Mauler, J. Holman , A. Obour , L. Simon, K. Roozeboom |
92. Soil Test Methods and Tissue Analysis to Assess Winter Wheat Response to Sulfur Fertilizer SourcesIdentifying how winter wheat responds to sulfur (S) fertilization through the use of soil test S (STS) methods has been a challenge across Kansas soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil test extraction methods for S as well as plant S nutritional status using different S fertilizer sources and rates. Sulfur response trials were established at 24 Kansas locations during two years (2019 and 2020). Fertilizer rate treatments included a control wit... D. Ruiz diaz, C. Weber |
93. Soil Test P and P Source Impacts on P Runoff from Calcareous SoilsLong-term application of phosphorus (P) to soils at rates in excess of crop uptake can result in elevated soil P levels (Snyder et al., 1993), which previous research has shown directly influences the amount of P in runoff (Sharpley et al., 1977, 1978, 1995; Daniel et al., 1994; Pote et al., 1996). Because soil test and runoff P concentrations are related, excessive soil P levels may result in significantly high runoff P levels, which accelerate surface-water eutrophication. ... A. Elliott, R. Schierer, J. Davis, R. Waskom, A. Schlegel |
94. Spatial Variability in Profile Soil Nitrate, Nutrient Update, Grain Yield, and Nutrient Removal in a Commercial Dryland Grain Sorghum FieldEstablished relationships exist that describe the confidence interval around a soil test value as a function of cores in the sample for nutrients such as phosphorus. This information is useful for developing economically and agronomically optimal soil sampling strategies. Residual soil nitrate can be a significant source of a crops N needs in dryland cropping systems where N loss is minimal. A common question among producers and consultants is how many profile N cores are required... L. Haag, S. Patel, P. Tomlinson, E. Santos |
95. Stacking Nutrient 4Rs on Potato and WheatThe 4 Rs of nutrient management are a set of research-based guidelines for farmers to use when applying fertilizers to their crops. The aim of the 4 Rs is to improve the sustainability of major cropping systems and the environment without compromising crop yield and quality. The objective for this project is to evaluate individual and stacked 4 R management practices and how they intersect. We conducted this experiment on a Russet Burbank potato crop grown at a field near Grace, Idaho in 2020... S.H. Stapley, N.C. Hansen, M.A. Yost, E.A. Woolley, B.G. Hopkins |
96. Strategies for Maximizing Crop Recovery of Nutrients Applied As Liquid Swine ManureSince the demise in 1996 of the freight rate subsidy for transport of grains by rail from Western Canada to port, there have been increased efforts to develop a local livestock industry to utilize feed grains produced in Saskatchewan and other prairie provinces. This has led to an expansion in the number of intensive livestock operations, particularly swine production systems, on the Canadian prairies. The desire to develop responsible manure management strategies in con... J. Schoenau, S. Mooleki, S. Malhi, G. Hultgreen |
97. Sugarbeet Yield Response and Nitrate Leaching As Influenced by Nitrogen Management in Semi-arid ClimateFertilizer nitrogen (N) in irrigated sugarbeet production needs to be optimized to simultaneously increase yield and reduce nitrate leaching. In addition to adjusting N rate and application timing, there are available fertilizer technologies such as controlled- or slow-release N which may be beneficial for beet yield and reducing potential nitrate leaching. However, there are limited studies assessing the effectiveness of such fertilizers for sugarbeet in a semi-arid climate. The two-year exp... D. Ghimire, B. Maharjan |
98. The Effect of Low Rates of Commercial Humic Acid on P Availability and Spring Wheat YieldHumic acid (HA), a soluble fraction of humus, has been found to increase crop yields under certain conditions, possibly due to increased nutrient availability. A study was conducted to determine the effects of low rates of commercial HA on P availability and spring wheat yields in both a calcareous soil and non-calcareous soil. In Phase I, soluble P concentrations were monitored at 0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 in. from a MAP band that had either been coated with 1.5 lb HA/ac or l... C. Jones, J. Jacobsen, A. Mungaas |
99. The Future Role of USDA NRCS in Nutrient ManagementSince 1999 USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service has integrated nutrient management planning into the producer’s over-all conservation plan. A nutrient management plan contains the guidance for nutrient rate, form, timing, and method of application. Each action is based on specific local climate, soil, crop, and management conditions. The intent is to improve water quality, as well as soil, plant, air, and animal quality conditions, both on and off... J. Lemunyon |
100. The Role of P Fertility and Mycorrhizae in Flax ProductionEnsuring adequate P nutrition in flax is difficult, because flax is sensitive to seed-placed P and may be less efficient than many crops at using fertilizer P. Studies conducted for three years at two locations in western Manitoba indicated that flax seed yield, mycorrhizal association and Cd concentration were primarily influenced by preceding crop. Early-season P nutrition was enhanced by residual P and by side-banded P fertilizer, but effects on final seed yield ... C. Grant, M. Monreal, B. Irvine, D. Mclaren, R. Mohr |
101. Urea Application Timing Influence on No-till CornFertilizer N for no-till corn in South Dakota is often limited to surface applications of urea. Surface applied urea can volatilize. A study was conducted in 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2002 (four site years) on no-till corn comparing surface broadcast urea timing. Nitrogen rates (50 and 100 lbs N/a) were applied in the fall, winter, early spring, planting, and V-6 stage. Ear leaf samples were analyzed for N concentration in 1999 and 2000 and grain yield was measured each year. Precipitation was mea... R. Gelderman, J. Gerwing, A. Bly |
102. Use of a Crop Canopy Reflectance Sensor for In-season N Management of CornOver-application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on corn has resulted in elevated levels of N in ground and surface waters. A major factor contributing to decreased N use efficiency and environmental contamination for traditional corn N management schemes is routine pre-season application of large doses of N before the crop can effectively utilize this N. Our long-term research goal is to reduce these over-applications by using remote sensing to direct fertilizer only to areas need... J. Shanahan, J. Schepers, D. Francis, R. Caldwell |
103. Winter Wheat Response to Enchanced Efficiency Fertilizers in the Canadian PrairiesOptimal nitrogen (N) management can improve agronomic efficiency, and increase winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and protein content. Two experiments were conducted to measure the responses of winter wheat to enhanced efficiency N fertilizers and timing/placements across the Canadian Prairies. Experiment 1 consisted of uncoated urea, urea+nitrification inhibitor (urea+eNtrench®), urea+urease and nitrification inhibitors (SuperU®), and polymer-coated urea (Envir... Z. Wang, J. Owens, X. Hao, L. Hall, K. Coles, C. Holzapfel, E. Rahmani, R. Karimi dehkordi, B. Beres |