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1. Predicting Crop Yield Losses Due to Soil-water Salinity: Comparison of Traditional and Alternative ApproachesIt is estimated that 2,000 ha of cropland are taken out of production daily worldwide due to salinization and sodification. Salinity is estimated to result in economic losses of $27.3 billion U.S. dollars annually. Our project aims to jointly develop techniques for quantifying the severity of soil-water salinity and impacts on crop production on surface-irrigated fields in Pakistan’s Indus River Valley and the Lower Arkansas River Valley (LARV) in Colorado. The Fairmont Drainage Distric... A. Brown, A. Andales, T. Gates |
2. Ammonium Thiosulfate As a Nitrification and Urease Inhibitor - Present StatusSince most of the author's work on ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) as a nitrification or urease inhibitor has already been published, only an abstract and bibliography are presented here. ... R. Goos |
3. Assessment of Long-term Effects of Tillage and Nitrogen Management Practices on Irrigated Corn Yields and Nitrogen Use EfficienciesCorn grain yields and crop nitrogen uptake are affected by management factors such as tillage intensity and nitrogen rates. Additional data about the long-term effects of tillage and nitrogen rates on yields and nitrogen use efficiencies of irrigated corn are needed. We are presenting preliminary results from a 17-year study about the effects of these management practices on irrigated corn yields and nitrogen uptake in a Fort Collins clay loam soil at Colorado State University’s Ag... J.A. Delgado, A. Halvorson, A. Villacis-aveiga, S. Del grosso, C. Stewart, D. Manter, J. Alwang, B. Floyd, R. D'adamo, G. Miner |
4. Assessment of Soil Testing As It Relates to Corn Ear Leaf Nutrition in the MidwestSoil testing for P, K and Zn for corn production the Midwest is based on the probability of crop yield response to an applied fertilizer and not on crop nutritional status. Results of three years of observational data from 98 field sites show soil test M3-K only predicted 26% of the variability in ear leaf K at growth stage R1-R2, whereas K base fraction (KBF) predicted 44% of the ear leaf variability and 56% of the variability in the ear leaf K:Mg ratio. Soil M3-P was inconsistent in predict... R. Miller |
5. Changes in Soil Quality During the Transition from Irrigated to Dryland Cropping SystemsThe availability of irrigation water enhances crop productivity and, in turn, increases crop residue inputs and soil quality. With increased pressure on declining groundwater resources, some formerly irrigated lands are being transitioned to dryland management. However, little is known about the shifts in soil quality after conversion from irrigated to dryland cropping systems. The objective of this work was to quantify the effect of irrigation retirement on the early changes in soil quality.... A. Nunez, R. Ball, M. Schipanski |
6. Chloride Research UpdateSpring wheat experiments conducted at 24 sites in eastern South Dakota over a 4-year period resulted in grain yield increases at 10 sites and documented foliar disease suppression at 5 sites. ... P. Fixen |
7. Computerized Fertilizer Application by Soil TypeAs a farmers looks out over a field during the growing season, he usually wants to see a very homogeneous appearance of crop growth. However, he often observes a very heterogeneous appearance of soils and crop yields associated with these soils in this same field while preparing the seed bed and harvesting the crop. Visual observations show that high spots in the fi e l d are lighter in color and often yield less than low spots in the field, which are often darker and higher ... M. Schmitt, W. Walker, D. Fairchild |
8. Conservation Management and Nitrogen Fertilization to Enhance Soil Chemical and Biological PropertiesCover crops and no-tillage are increasing in use across Texas. On the Southern High Plains (SHP) these practices are important mitigators of wind erosion and are suggested to increase soil health and other positive soil attributes. This study aimed to monitor and evaluate the soil chemical and biological changes that occur shortly after implementing conservation practices and nitrogen management strategies on the SHP. It was determined that in the short term some soil chemical and ... M. Mcdonald, P. Delaune, T. Gentry, K. Lewis |
9. Conservation Tillage-crop Production Systems for the Northern Great PlainsConservation tillage (minimum-till and no - till) crop production systems have not been developed for the northern Great Plains. For the most part, the emphasis of previous soil and water conservation research has been on studying two-factor interactions of which tillage and soil fertility, tillage and water conservation, soil fertility and crops, are examples. Recent advances in computer technologies now makes it possible to accommodate analyses for assessing the interaction and signifi... A. Black, A. Bauer |
10. Do Legume Cover Crops Help Mineralize Soil Nitrogen?Nitrogen (N) dynamic is dependent on multiple factor all of which influence in-season plant N availability. Inclusion of a cover crop can have additional impacts on N dynamic by utilizing fall residue soil N, reducing the potential of N leaching. Legume cover crops also have the potential to add additional N to the soil through N fixation. The objective of this study was to evaluate N dynamic of different cover crops (legume and nonlegume) compared to no cover... B. Chim, S. Osborne, R. Lehman |
11. Does Coal Char Reduce Ammonia Volatilization by Slowing Urea Hydrolysis in Soil?Ammonia volatilization due to urea hydrolysis begins immediately after N fertilizer applied in soil and continues up to two weeks. This process might adversely affect N availability in soil/ plant systems and reduce soil fertility and crop yields, as well as bring the negative impact in environment. Char, incomplete burning of coal combustion residue which contains up to 30% total C by weight, is hypothesized to reduce N losses from ammonia volatilization. A 21-day laboratory study was c... D. Panday, B. Maharjan |
12. Economics of a One-time Phosphorus Fertilizer ApplicationGrain yield and protein data from a soil fertility study initiated in 1967 and continued through 1983, on a Williams loam with a NaHCO3 soil test P level of 6 ppm, was evaluated to determine the potential economic benefits of a one time P fertilizer application under conditions of varying fertilizer N levels. ... A. Halvorson, A. Black |
13. Effect of Foliar Zinc Application on Durum and Spring Wheat Grain Yield and QualityZinc (Zn) deficiency represents a common micronutrient deficiency in human populations, especially in regions of the world where staple food crops are the main source of daily calorie intake. Micronutrients like Zn also plays an important role in growth and development of plant thereby affecting crop yield and quality. A two-year field trial was conducted at Sidney, Montana, to investigate the effect of foliar application of Zn on yield and grain quality of spring wheat. Zinc treatment i... F. Etemadi, R. Keshavarz afshar, H. He, S. Zhou, Z. Li, C. Chen |
14. Effect of Newly and Previously Applied Nitrogen on Yield and Recovery of Nitrogen by BarleyNitrogen was applied to 4 consecutive crops of barley planted on an Almasippi LFS at MacGregor and Snnowflake CL at Purvis, Manitoba. ... A. Ridley, J. Tokarchuk |
15. Effects of Residue Placement on Co2 Loss in an Irrigated, No-till Corn SystemIt is well known that residue management practices that leave crop residue on the surface, such as no-till agriculture, promote soil fertility. However, the effects of such practices on carbon sequestration can be highly variable. To better understand how residue management impacts the loss of carbon through mineralization, we investigated the effects of residue location and addition on CO2 produced from residue decomposition under no-till irrigated continuous corn in Northern Colorado. ... H. Oleszak, F. Cotrufo, S. Leichty, C. Stewart |
16. Enhanced Efficiency Nitrogen Fertilizer: Coated UreaNitrogen (N) is the most common fertilizer. However, a large percentage is lost to the environment—resulting in pollution and depletion of natural resources—representing economic losses. Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers (EEF) help mitigate these problems by reducing the time N is in forms most susceptible to loss, increasing uptake efficiency and, often, yield and/or crop quality. One example of N EEF are coated urea fertilizers, such as polymer coated urea (PCU). Research studies ... S. Fahning, B.G. Hopkins |
17. Enhanced Efficiency Phosphorus FertilizersPhosphorus (P) is essential for plants. However, first-year phosphorus fertilizer uptake by plants is low, resulting in economic and environmental impacts. Developments with P Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizer (EEF) sources show improved uptake efficiency and increased yield and/or crop quality, while reducing environmental risk. Research with EEFs (including organic acids, maleic itaconic copolymer, and struvite) all show these improvements, especially when: 1) soil test P concentrations are lo... S. Kobza, B.G. Hopkins |
18. Evaluating the Trade-offs of Cover Crops in Dryland Wheat Systems of the Colorado PlateauOn the semi-arid Colorado Plateau, dryland farmers are challenged by severely degraded soils and low and increasingly unreliable precipitation. Cover crops have been shown to improve soil fertility and mitigate soil erosion in many regions, but are also associated with use of limited soil moisture, a cost that could mean decreased cash crop productivity for farmers. Most literature on cover crops comes from relatively humid climates, where crop yield penalties due to cover crops may be less p... L. Eash, A. Berrada, K. Russell, S. Fonte |
19. Evaluation of Cation Exchange Resin As Indicator of In-season Potassium Supply to SoybeanThe use of ion-exchange resins to measure soil nutrient availability has potential applications for fertilizer recommendations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between potassium (K) adsorption by cation exchange resins (CER) and K uptake by soybean (Glycine max) in field conditions. The study was conducted at two locations in Kansas during 2019. Two treatments were selected to evaluate the CER. Treatments included a check (0 lbs K2O acre-1) and a high K r... D. Charbonnier, D. Ruiz diaz |
20. Experiences in the Canadian Prairies with Enhanced Efficiency N Fertilizers for Winter and Spring Wheat Production SystemsThis presentation summarizes several studies all designed to address knowledge gaps around enhanced efficiency urea fertilizer (EEF) efficacy for nitrogen (N) management in western Canadian winter and spring wheat production systems. Polymer-coated urea was first studied to determine how handling effects can alter the coating integrity of environmentally smart nitrogen (ESN®). While N release rates increased from retail or farm-handling such as trans... B. Beres |
21. Fall and Spring Soil Residual Nitrate-n As Affected by Irrigation and Nitrogen ManagementNitrogen credit from residual nitrate-N from soil samples collected in spring is widely considered and accounted for in managing N in crop production. That is important from both economic and environmental perspectives. However, there is no incentives for farmers to determine post-harvest soil residual nitrate-N in fall. It is important to note that any difference in fall and spring soil residual nitrate-N would suggest environmental N losses via denitrification or leaching in that fallow per... B. Maharjan, X. Qiao |
22. Fertilization of No-till Winter WheatThere is a growing trend towards the use of minimum and no - till production systems for dryland winter wheat in the Western Great Plains Region. More Information is needed regarding management systems to optimize economic return. The proper management of plant nutrients is of main concern to this production system. This research project was initiated in 1983 to provide information concerning N and P fertilizer management. Each year, experiments were conducted at 3 locations over a range of e... D. Westfall, J. Ward |
23. Fertilizer Application with No-till Small Grain Seeding EquipmentSeveral innovative fertilizer application equipment designs have been developed by short line equipment manufacturers for no-till grain drills. The units allow anhydrous application at seeding time offering a new management alternative with potential for reduced production costs. Precise seed-fertilizer placement achieved with these units plus design simplicity make them attractive for adoption in both row crop and suall grain seedings in other production areas. ... C. Fanning, D. Smika |
24. Fertilizer Placement Effects on Yield and Nutrient Content of Winter Wheat in OklahomaEfficient fertilizer applications are essential to achieve maximum economic yield. ... R. Westerman |
25. Forgiven Not Forgotten: a Short History of Wind Erosion on the Canadian PrairiesSince agriculture arrived on the Canadian prairies in the late 1800s, wind erosion has always been a constant threat. The 1930s saw some of the worst wind erosion but spurred the invention and adoption of soil management techniques to provide better crop residue management, the number one line of defense against wind erosion. The conservation tillage movement of the 1990s saw increased no-till and summer-fallow almost disappeared. However, recent trends of more intensive tillage on the Canadi... F. Larney |
26. Impact of Fertilizer Management on the Stratification of Soil Characteristics in No-tillThe increasing cost of fuel and machinery makes no-till management (NT) a good alternative for producers. With the demanding increase of production, fertilizer utilization efficiency and cycling must be evaluated to address such demand. However, the superficial input of soil amendments under NT may lead to the soil stratification of pH and nutrients and in the first six inches. Three dry-land NT long-term trials located in Perkins, OK (NT since 2005), Stillwater, OK (NT since 2010) and Lahoma... J. bigatao souza, V. Reed, B. Finch, B. Arnall |
27. Impact of Post-feekes 6 Nitrogen Application in Winter Wheat Forage ProductionProducers have options when choosing how to utilize their wheat acreage in Oklahoma. These include, grain harvest only, dual-purpose grazing and grain, and graze-out where the wheat crop is used solely for grazing cattle. Many producers take advantage of graze out wheat as a forage for cattle during the winter season. With acreages of approximately 400,000 acres of winter wheat grown for graze out production in the state of Oklahoma in 2018, many questions regarding management of wheat for gr... B. Finch, V. Reed, J. Rogers, J. bigatao souza, B. Arnall |
28. In-furrow Placement of Dry Urea Prodcuts with Winter WheatPrevious research has shown that the application of some nitrogen fertilizer prior to or at the time of wheat seeding can positively affect the initiation of fall tillers and thus yield potential. However, there are logistical challenges in placing that nitrogen in no-till production systems. Traditionally, the placement of urea-based fertilizers in-furrow with wheat seed has not been recommended. The objectives of this project were to evaluate stand reduction and associ... L. Haag, A. Schlegel, D. Ruiz diaz |
29. Increasing P Efficiency-residual PTwo cropping systems were studied to determine the effect of different methods of phosphorus (P) fertilizer application on residual P value. In eastern Nebraska on a Pawnee clay loam, grain sorghum yields were significantly higher following P fertilizer that was knifed (dual placed) compared to where fertilizer was either seed applied or broadcast on a previous wheat crop. The knife method of application resulted in a residual value of between 30 and 50% of a new application depending on rate... D. Sander, E. Penas |
30. Innovative Cropping Systems for SaskatchewanThis paper provides a brief overview of some of the components of the Innovative Acres Program being carried out in Saskatchewan. Initial emphasis of the program has been snow management a s a means of extending rotations through increased soil mois- ture storage. Chemical summerfallow, winter wheat and annual grain legumes have become important components of the rotations being studied in the drier portions of the province, the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones. In the moister areas, Black and... E. Halstead, E. De jong |
31. Inter-seeding Cover Crops Influence on Optimal Corn Nitrogen Rate in No-tillMoving from conventional to no-till with the inclusion of cover crops may change the amount and timing of nitrogen (N) provided to corn (Zea mays L.) from mineralization, which may increase or decrease needed N fertilizer to optimize corn grain yield. This study evaluated the effect of cover crop composition on corn N fertilizer requirement and corn grain yield. The effect of three cover crop treatments (no cover crop, single grass species, and grass/broadleaf mixture) on c... J. Clark, S. Osborne, P. Kovacs, R. Slaght |
32. Investigating Relationships Between Haney H3a-4 and Conventional Soil Tests for Plant Nutrients in Kansas SoilsUse of a soil test to determine fertilizer application rates requires correlation and calibration to crop yield response and/or total nutrient uptake. The Haney H3A soil test procedure has gained popularity in recent years for soil health evaluation and has been used in some circles to adjust fertilizer management practices. However, data relating this test to current soil fertility tests, relative crop yield, or total nutrient uptake are nonexistent in Kansas soils. The objective of this stu... B. Rutter, D. Ruiz diaz |
33. Long-term Cover Crop Effects on Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen Stocks, and Water Stable Aggregates in the Semiarid Central Great PlainsGrowing cover crops (CC) in semiarid dryland cropping systems in the central Great Plains (CGP) may provide several benefits to soil health. This study examined long-term CC management effects on soil health in a no-till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)–fallow (WSF) cropping system in southwestern Kansas. The experimental design was a split-split-plot randomized complete block with four replications. Main plots were... L. Simon, A. Obour, J. Holman, K. Roozeboom |
34. Long-term Crop Rotation Diversity Effects on Soil C and NThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer level and crop rotation diversity on soil organic carbon (SOC) and N stocks from a 34-yr study located in eastern Nebraska. Seven crop rotations (three continuous cropping systems; two 2-yr crop rotations, and two 4-yr crop rotations) and three N levels were compared. Soil samples were taken to a depth of 60-inches. Differences in SOC stocks were largely confined to the 0 to 3-inch depth with greater SOC (P... M. Schmer, V. Jin, B. Wienhold, G. Varvel |
35. Long-term Crop Rotation Impact on Soil Properties and Crop ResponseCrop rotations can be part of sustainable agriculture production by their effectiveness depends on understanding how crop rotations affect above- and below-ground crop characteristics. Objectives were to investigate crop rotation effects on shoot dry weight and root characteristics of cereal and grain legume crops at anthesis as well as on grain yield. Rotations were corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], (CS); corn-soybean-spring wheat (Triticum ... S. Osborne, R. Lehman, W. Riedell, B. Chim |
36. Long-term Forage Rotation Yields, Soil Water Use, and ProfitabilityForages are important for the region’s livestock industry and are becoming increasingly important as irrigation capacity and grain prices decrease. Forages require less water than grain crops and may allow for increasing cropping system intensification and opportunistic cropping. A study was initiated in 2012 at the Southwest Research-Extension Center near Garden City, KS, comparing several 1-, 3-, and 4-year forage rotations with no-tillage and minimum-tillage. Data presented are from ... J. Holman, A. Obour, A. Schlegel, L. Simon |
37. Managing Nutrients in Beef Feedlot Manure - Lessons from a 45-year Field StudyThe original objective of a long-term field experiment established in 1973 was to determine the safe loading capacity of soil with beef cattle feedlot manure. Manure was applied annually at 0, 30, 60, and 90 Mg ha-1 (wet weight) under rainfed and 0, 60, 120, and 180 Mg ha-1 under irrigated conditions. The long-term manure applications increased organic matter, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content and salinity in the soil, and barley forage yie... X. Hao |
38. Mixing Wheat Seed with Fertilizer in the Drill: Seedling Injury and Wheat ResponseMixing dry phosphorus fertilizer with winter wheat seed is common in Kansas to provide a starter fertilizer benefit to the crop. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dry phosphorus (P) sources, rates and times fertilizer mixed with wheat seed, effects on early growth and overall productivity and yield of the crop. Two winter wheat studies were conducted in the 2018-2019 wheat growing season at Manhattan (Site 1) and Topeka (site 2) in Northeast Kansas. The previous crop for site... C. Weber, D. Ruiz diaz |
39. N Mineralization Dynamics in No-till Crop Residues in the Northern PlainsAlthough many studies have been conducted on no-till cropping systems, little is yet known about the dynamics of N mineralization from accumulated crop residues as it relates to providing N to subsequent crops. We conducted incubation studies using individual crop residues placed on the surface of soil columns in leaching tubes and incubating the tubes for approximately 12 weeks (simulated growing season) with periodic leaching. This was repeated 5 times with a freezing period (win... L. Cihacek, R. Alghamdi |
40. Nitrapyrin Effects on Mineral Composition of Irrigated WheatApplication of nitrapyrin affected the plant tissue levels of only a few nutri- fent elements in a given year for a given stage of growth. Nitrapyrin increased the R/(Ca + Mg) rates of wheat only at Feekes Stage 2 in 1983 and did not appear to greatly influence the grass tetany potential of wheat forage during the two years of the study. ... L. Cihacek, S. Nance |
41. Nitrogen Availability Following Cover Crops in TX Cropping SystemsCover crops have been heavily promoted to improve soil health and function in US agricultural productions systems. Within semi-arid environments, interest in cover crops continues to grow although several concerns hinder adoption. As soil water use by cover crops is often a chief concern, nutrient availability to subsequent crops is also a concern. The objective of this study was to measure soil chemical and biological properties following various cover crops in a continuous cotton system und... P. Delaune, K. Lewis, P. Mubvumba |
42. Nitrogen Fertilization and Long-term No-tillage Impacts on Soil Properties and Deep Soil C Storage Under IrrigationThe net soil greenhouse gas mitigation potential of conservation agricultural management practices is strongly influenced by the direction and magnitude of soil organic C (SOC) change in deep soil layers (>6”). Deep SOC is typically old, highly processed, and consists of microbial products and root exudates associated with clay and other minerals. However, it can be susceptible to decomposition and priming from the addition of new, labile organic C. We examined long-term soil C dynam... C. Stewart, D. Manter, J. Delgado, S. Del grosso, F. Calderon, K. Heckman, K. Snell |
43. Nitrogen Fertilizer Management for AlbertaField experiments were conducted in the southern, central, and north-central parts of Alberta to identify inefficiencies in presently used N fertilizing practices and the differences in barley response to methods of N application designed to circumvent these inefficiencies. ... R. Kucey, M. Nyborg, S. Malhi, J. Harapiak |
44. Nitrogen Fertilizer Source and Tillage Impacts on Surface and Subsoil C Under Rainfed CornSoil organic carbon (SOC) increases with organic fertilizer and the adoption of no-till. Soil organic C improves the ability of agricultural systems to mitigate and adapt to climate change. This study was conducted to determine the long-term effects of fertilizer type and tillage on profile SOC. The experimental site was a rainfed continuous corn (Zea mays L.) system with fertilizer treatments (150 lbs N a-1) of composted organic waste (OrgF), urea (MinF) and no ferti... S. Watts |
45. Nitrogen Interference with P-uptake from Dual N - P BandsSoft wheat seeded at two different dates following fertilizer application indicated that the fertilizer response pattern to dual deep banded N-P fertilizer can be modified by the length of time the bands are allowed to incubate in the soil prior to seeding. Higher rates of nitrogen in freshly applied dual N-P bands can initially interfere with crop uptake of phosphate. The benefit of including a "starter" phosphate application was greater where the dual N-P bands had been recently a... J. Harapiak, N. Flore |
46. Nitrogen Managememt in Dryland Winter Wheat to Improve Grain Yield and ProteinMaximizing the yield along with adequate protein content in winter wheat is an emerging challenge for dryland wheat producers. Proper nitrogen (N) management with optimization of fertilizer application rate and timing might be a potential strategy to improve grain yield and protein. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of different N rates and application timing on grain yield and protein content of hard red winter wheat in Nebraska. Field study was carried out at four locat... D. Ghimire, B. Maharjan |
47. Nitrogen Management in Conservation Systems to Increase Use Efficiency and Cotton ProductionConservation management practices like no-tillage and cover crops have the potential to reduce wind erosion and stimulate ecosystem service, but lingering doubts regarding nutrient immobilization and water usage may limit their adoption on the Texas High Plains. A study was initiated at the Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and Extension Systems (AG-CARES) in Lamesa, TX to examine the impact of supplemental nitrogen (N) fertilization on cotton yields and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)... J. Burke, D. Kelley, K. Lewis |
48. Nitrogen-tillage Interaction for Dryland Wheat in Western NebraskaA tillage experiment was initiated by C.R. Fenster on a previously cultivated Alliance silt loam near Sidney, Nebraska in 1969 in which the effect of no-till, stubble mulch (subtill), and plowed fallow upon soil properties, nitrogen cycling, and winter wheat production were compared. ... J. Power, W. Wilhelm, J. Doran, L. Mielke |
49. Nutrient Partitioning Changes in the Past 30 Years of Cotton ProductionModern cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars are more compact and efficient due to optimization of genetics and changed management practices in the past 30 years. The most recent work evaluating nutrient uptake by cotton was done in early 1990s, hence a need to re-evaluate the nutrient accumulation and requirements in modern high productivity cultivars. The objective of this study was to compare the resource allocation of modern cotton cultivars (PM HS26, FM 958, and DP 1646)... I.B. Pabuayon, G. Ritchie, K. Lewis |
50. Observational and Modeling Methods to Inform Ecosystem Service MarketsInterest in quantifying the impacts of land management on ecosystem services has grown as governments, environmental organizations, and corporations have pledged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient leaching, and other environmental impacts of human activities. Ecosystem service markets were formalized in the 1990s and originally deployed to mitigate point sources of air and water pollution. Associated protocols were fairly simple and easy to implement because quantification of point ... S.J. Del grosso, J. Delgado, D. Manter, C. Stewart, M. Vigil |
51. One-pass Pneumatic Fertilizing-seeding with Various N Sources and N RatesFertilizer rate, fertilizer source and spreader type influenced the degree of stand reduction and final yield obtained when spring wheat was planted in a one-pass operation utilizing a pneumatic fertilizing-seeding unit. ... E. Deibert |
52. Optimizing Irrigation and Fertilizer Management in Cotton to Increase Nitrogen Use EfficiencyNitrogen (N) fertilizer is an important nutrient in cotton production, and if the optimal amount is not applied yield penalty may occur (Hutmacher et al. 2004). A more efficient application of N fertilizer based on plant N requirements, soil texture, and N availability can increase cotton yield and N-use efficiency (NUE). The main objective of this research was to determine the relationship between cotton lint yield and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) across multiple irrigation ... A. Bumguardner, T. Wheeler, K. Lewis |
53. Phosphorus Economics on Dryland Winter WheatPhosphorus fertilizer trials on dryland wheat were initiated in 1984 on 13 cooperating farms from northern Oklahoma through Western Kansas to eastern Colorado. ... P. Gallagher, J. Armbruster |
54. Phosphorus Fertilizer Management and Cover Crop Effects on Phosphorus Loss from No-till Corn and Soybean.Loss of phosphorus from non-point source agricultural sources is a known contributor to the degradation and contamination of surface waters. Therefore, it is imperative to adapt agricultural best management practices which promote and preserve surface water quality. The goal of this study was to quantify the impacts of phosphorus fertilizer management practice (placement and timing) and winter cover crop on concentrations of total suspended solids, total phosphorus, and dissolved reactive pho... E. Carver, N. Nelson, K. Roozeboom, G. Kluitenberg, P. Tomlinson, J. Williams |
55. Rate and Depth of Liquid P Fertilizer Placement Affects Root Architecture and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Associations in Grain CornA two-site, two-year study was conducted on corn root response to liquid phosphorus (P) fertilizer applications as a function of rate and depth of placement. Corn planted into no-till at two locations (Thrall & Snook, TX) was fertilized with banded liquid P applied 15 cm off seed row at different rates and depths. The upper portion of the root systems were excavated along with all top plant matter at the V10 - V12 growth stage. Digital images of washed roots were analyzed for spatial dens... J. Mowrer |
56. Rate Limiting Processes of Phytoavailability of Potassium on Montana SoilsThroughout Montana crops have frequently responded to K fertilizers on soils testing high in NH4OAc-extractable K+. ... E. Skogley |
57. Results from the First Year of On-farm N Rate and Timing StudiesStudies have shown over the past couple of years that utilizing sensor based nitrogen rate calculator (SBNRC) for in-season fertilizer has proven beneficial to yields and protein in the southern Great Plains. However, current SBNRC recommendations and algorithm are based upon trials conducted in central Oklahoma, rather than regionally based. The objective of the larger study is to determine if it is possible to develop a regional dependency component of SBNRC in Oklahoma. ... V. Reed, J. bigatao souza, B. Finch, B. Arnall |
58. Sampling Soil by Depth for Alfalfa: Its PotentialBayard fine sandy loam, Greyback gravelly loam, and Lost Wells sandy clay loam which receive pH 8.0 irrigation waters were sampled at 30 cm intervals to 90, 120 or 180 cm, respectively one to three years after treatment. ... H. Hough |
59. Soil Acidification of Cultivated Fields in Semiarid Montana: Adaptation and Challenges to RemediationHistorically, soil acidification was not a problem in Montana because the parent material of most cultivated soils exhibited a neutral to an alkaline reaction. However, fertilizer ammonium‐N use (including urea) by farmers has grown tremendously in recent decades contributing to leading to a downward trend in soil pH and with incidences of soil acidity/Al toxicity now beginning to appear. Here we summarize the results from on-farm sugar beet lime trials to remediate soil acidity; seed-... R. Engel, C. Jones |
60. Soil Fertility Research - Texas High PlainsMultirate nitrogen and phosphorus field studies were conducted for several years with irrigated wheat, grain sorghum and corn on the major soil types of the Texas High Plains for the purpose of developing soil test correlations for nitrogen and phosphorus. Soil samples were taken prior to fertilizer application in increments of 0-6, 6-12, 12-24, and 24-36 inches. These samples were analyzed for nitrate-N and soil test phosphorus. Regression analyses and analysis of variance were used to test ... A. Onken, D. Nesmith |
61. Soil Phosphorus Fractions After Long-term Fertilizer Placement in Different Kansas SoilsPhosphorus fertilizer placement can affect the long-term dynamics and forms of P, and the overall soil P pools. These changes can vary by soil type, and affect P uptake and use efficiency by crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the labile P fractions in three Kansas soil under P fertilizer placements (broadcast versus deep band) after 10 years of crop rotation. Three field studies were conducted for 10 years from 2006 to 2015 in three different soil... M. Arruda, D. Ruiz diaz |
62. Soil Quality and Nitrogen Availability After Eight Years of a Mixed Cover Crop - Wheat RotationDespite a large interest in cover crops in the northern Great Plains, little is known about their effect on both the following wheat crop and soil quality. In 2012, a cover crop study was started in Montana to compare wheat production and soil quality after growing cover crop mixes containing 2-, 6-, or 8-species, with both summer fallow and a sole pea cover crop control, in a 2-yr rotation with wheat. The 2-species mixes represented functional groups (legumes, brassicas, tap rooted, or fibro... C. Jones, P. Miller, C. Zabinski, K. D'agati |
63. Strategic Tillage Effects on Crop Yield and Soil Properties and Dryland Crop RotationsThis study evaluated strategic tillage (ST) to control HR weeds and improve crop yields in an otherwise long-term no-till (NT) soil. Treatments were five crop rotations: 1) continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (WW); 2) wheat-fallow (WF); 3) wheat-sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)-fallow (WSF); 4) continuous sorghum (SS); and 5) sorghum-fallow (SF) as main plots. The sub-plot were reduced tillage (RT), continuous NT, and ST of NT. Results showed tillage (ST or ... A. Obour, J. Holman, L. Simon, A. Schlegel |
64. Sulfur Fertilization of Wheat in KansasField experiments evaluating in the effects of sulfur fertilization on wheat yields and quality were initiated in 1982 and have continued through 1985. ... R. Lamond, D. Whitney |
65. Sulfur Uptake and Yield Response in Corn As Affected by Fertilizer Source and RateWith sulfur deficiencies being found throughout Kansas, the evaluation of sulfur fertilization and plant uptake are vital to optimize corn production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of application rates of sulfur on yield and uptake in corn. Nutrient concentrations in corn, biomass, and grain were evaluated at the Kansas River Valley Experiment Field at Rossville, Kansas in 2019. Five treatments were evaluated, including a con... T. Husa, D. Ruiz diaz |
66. The Role of Ammonium Nutrition in Higher YieldsA real need exists to increase N fertilizer use efficiency by crops and to determine what soil and plant factors related to available N may limit crop productivity in given environments. ... S. Olsen |
67. Tillage and Nitrogen Management for Irrigated Sugarbeet Production in Eastern MontanaSugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important cash crop in the Lower Yellowstone River region. Nitrogen management is very critical while farmers are transitioning sugar beet production from conventional tillage to no-till system. The objectives of this study were to: (i) evaluate the effects of fertilizer-N rate and application timing on sugar beet root yield, sugar content, and quality under conventional and no-till managements, (ii) determine N uptake and N use efficiency (NU... A. Sutradhar, W. Franck, R. Garza, C. Chen |
68. Tillage and Nitrogen Rates Influenced Wheat and Sorghum ProductivityReduced tillage (RT) or no-tillage (NT) practices and reducing fallow frequency can both decrease soil losses from wind erosion and conserve soil water in the semiarid regions of the US Great Plains. This study evaluated sorghum grain yield in 2013 and wheat grain yield in 2014 and 2015 as influenced by long-term nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rates (0, 20, 40, and 60 lb N ac- 1) and tillage intensity [clean tillage (CT), RT, and NT] in dryland winter wheat–sorghum-fallow (W-S-F) c... M. Mikha |
69. Utilizing Long-term Organic Amendments to Improve Soil Health in Semi-arid, Grazed GrasslandsDetermining soil health changes associated with long-term land application of organic amendments, such as biosolids, is important for understanding and improving overall environmental health. In 1991, a single application of biosolids were surface applied (treatment rate: 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 21, or 30 Mg ha−1) to a semi-arid grazed grassland. In 2002, a repeated application of biosolids were surface applied at the same rate to ½ of all plots. In 2018, soil samples were obtained from 0... C. Buchanan, J. Ippolito |
70. Water Conservation Technology for the Southern Great PlainsIrrigation rapidly expanded in the southern Great Plains in the 1940's and 1950's, with most of the water for irrigation being pumped from the Ogallala Aquifer. The aquifer, however, is limited and has l i t t l e recharge; therefore, the water level has declined rapidly in much of the region and some of the once-irrigated land has reverted to dryland farming. Many practices have been developed to use the remaining irrigation water more efficiently and to conserve and use more of the ... P. Unger, O. Jones |
71. Zinc Sources and Their Relative Effectiveness for CropsZinc fertilizers are widely used in the Great Plains region. Choice of Zn source depends upon intended method of application, relative agronomic effective- ness, price per unit of Zn, compatability, and convenience in application alone or with other fertilizer. Relative agronomic effectiveness of Zn sources should be determined by applying several Zn rates throughout the response range in replicated field experiments. Periodic soil tests for available Zn are suggested when Zn deficiency ... J. Mortvedt |