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1. A Comparison of Dryland Grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) and Admiral Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Grown Under Different Row SpacingsGrasspea (GP) is a drought-tolerant legume grown for forage and grain in Europe and the Middle East. It has potential value to be used as a nitrogen-fixing crop in rotation with common grain crops in the High Plains. However, the agronomics of GP for our region have not been investigated to date. We carried out a field experiment to compare the growth of GP and Admiral Pea (AP) in 76 cm rows vs. 19 cm rows. The growth, yield, grain N content, phenology, and water utilization was me... F. Calderon, M. Vigil, D. Nielsen, J. Benjamin, M. Mikha |
2. A Historical Yield Performance in Western KansasA primary objective in Agronomy is to increase crop yields through improved varieties/hybrids and production practices. Crop variety/hybrid performance tests of irrigated corn, irrigated wheat, dryland wheat, irrigated grain sorghum, dryland grain sorghum, and irrigated soybeans were conducted at the Southwest Research Extension center in Garden City, Kansas annually over the last 50 years. For each crop, the varieties/hybrids yields were averaged for each year from 1956 through 2006. These t... J. Holman, C. Thompson, A. Schlegel |
3. A Use of Skip-row Planting As a Strategy for Drought Mitigation in the West Central Great PlainsSkip-row planting of corn and sorghum has recently developed as a strategy for mitigating drought in the dryland regions of the western Central Great Plains. Here we compare 16 site-years of no-till feed grain yields when planted skip-row and when planted conventionally in Eastern Colorado and Western Kansas (over half of the locations were on farm replicated trials. The idea is that a wider row arrangement forces a change in the timing of soil-water availability and use, which may mitigate d... M. Vigil, B. Henry, F. Calderón, D. Poss, D. Nielsen, J. Benajmin, B. Klein |
4. Accounting for Nitrogen from Often Overlooked SourcesImproving nitrogen use efficiency has long been a goal of both researchers and producers. With increasing interest and adoption of regenerative agricultural practices, fertility strategies can change from traditional methods. However, changes in strategies are often not considered when adopting new practices. The goal of this presentation is to discuss potential sources of nitrogen that are often overlooked when developing nitrogen management strategies. For example, legume cover crops or rot... P. Delaune |
5. Accuracy of Quick Soil Nitrate Tests in MontanaAccurate, rapid testing of soil nitrate-N would allow producers to adjust their fertilizer rates when needed and augment their annual soil testing. This study tested the accuracy of three quick test kits on approximately 90 soils. Quick nitrate-N readings were well correlated (P<0.001) with laboratory readings. However there was a fairly high probability (~40%) of over or under estimating total soil N by at least 15 lb N/ac. In addition, regression coefficients between quick test and labor... E. Allison, C. Jones |
6. Achieving Economic and Greenhouse Gas Goals Through Tillage and N ManagementA field study was conducted near Ft. Collins, CO evaluating irrigated continuous corn production under conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) with six N fertilizer application rate treatments. Economic return response functions were developed for each tillage system and combined with net global warming potential estimates for a subset of treatments to determine whether economic and greenhouse gas emission improvements could be achieved. Results show economic returns can be increased by $1... D. Archer, A. Halvorson |
7. Acid, Chlorine, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Management for Subsurface Drip Irrigation SystemsSubsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is expanding at a rapid rate in the western U.S. The efficiency of this irrigation system is higher than with center-pivots. Chemical maintenance, i.e. continuous acidification and periodic chlorination is required to prevent clogging of emitters by precipitates of calcium carbonate, iron or manganese salts, and from bacterial wastes. Fertigation with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers is discussed, and current fertigation research in SDI i... K. Bronson, R. Yabaji, W. Multer, C. Stichler, J. Enciso, J. Bordovsky, D. Porter, C. Green |
8. Acidification of Alkaline Irrigation Water: Effects on Nutrient Availability, Yield and Quality of Sweetcorn on Alkaline SoilsMore than 9,000 acres of sweet corn are grown each year in western Colorado with a farm-gate value of approximately $16 million. Over the past decade growers and extension agents have noticed a steady increase in soil pH along with an increase in micronutrient deficiencies. Preliminary soil tests on this calcareous soil showed pH ranging from 7.5 to 8.0. Irrigation water pH is high and increases through the season. In early June irrigation water pH is nea... R. Godin, J. Harold, K. Schultz, J. Rohde |
9. Active Remote Sensing for In-season Precision N ManagementUniform nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications across entire fields have been shown to be inefficient. Recent advances in agricultural technology have led to the development of active remote sensing equipment that can be used to detect crop biomass and potentially be used to improve N fertilizer application rates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using a hand-held active remote sensing instrument to estimate yield potential in irrigated corn. This study was condu... D. Inman, R. Khosla, R. Reich, D. Westfall |
10. Advancements in Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizer Recommendations in North Dakota Over the Past 30 YearsBeginning my career at NDSU as Extension Soil Specialist June 13, 1994, I inherited the obligation of periodically revisiting crop nutrient recommendations and determining whether adjustments were needed. The state of the state in 1994 was composite soil sampling, a dominantly wheat-based cropping system, and yield-goal-based fertilizer recommendations. First addressing site-specific soil sampling, I was surprised to find that zone soil sampling was an excellent predictor of residual nitrate ... D. Franzen |
11. Advances in Slow-release Nitrogen FertilizersControlled- and slow-release nitrogen (N) fertilizers have been commonly used in high-value applications, such as horticultural production. Traditional controlled-release products have not been economical for use in major grain crops because of high cost and low crop prices. New economical, controlled-release fertilizers are available for use in field crops such as corn (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and oth... A. Blaylock, T. Tindall |
12. Advancing Precision Nitrogen Management in Agriculture: a Multifaceted ApproachAdvancing precision nitrogen management in agriculture involves achieving a balance between maximizing crop yield and minimizing environmental impact. Traditional nitrogen management approaches often lead to inefficiencies, contributing to environmental issues such as nitrous oxide emissions and nitrogen runoff. Significant challenges persist in quantifying factors influencing nitrogen dynamics in the soil-plant-atmosphere system, including landscape positions, soil properties, weather patter... W. Guo, R. Karn, K. Lewis |
13. Agriculture’s Contribution to Nitrogen Deposition in Rocky Mountain National ParkNitrogen deposition in Rocky Mountain National Park has been increasing steadily and is impacting both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Ammonia volatilization from fertilizer is estimated to contribute 20% of the N deposited in the park. The objectives of our research are 1) to determine N isotope ratios for ammonia sources, and to use this tool to evaluate the accuracy of the source predictions, and 2) to evaluate Best Management Practices for ammonia volatilization ... J. Davis, T. Borch, N. Marcillac |
14. Agronomic Evaluation of Camelina Genotypes Selected for Yield, Oil Concentration, and NUEIn recent years, camelina (Camelina sativa L.) has received global recognition for its role as a biofuel crop and multipurpose addition to cereal-based farming systems in the Northern Great Plains (NGP). The present study objected to investigative the response of selected camelina cultivars, line 229, line 35, line 53, Suneson, and Check1 to nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) inputs in terms of biomass, yield, seed oil content, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) at five nitrogen (N) rates, r... M. Etesami, C. Chen, B. Franck, S. Franck, C. Lu |
15. Agronomic Implications of Dairy Effluent Water ReuseNew Mexico dairies generate a waste-water stream that is often used for land application. The water contains nitrogen that must be applied according to statutory limits or can be based on agronomic considerations. However, the effluent water also contains other nutrients as well as salinity components that may have a greater impact on crop production and environmental sustainability. A survey of New Mexico dairy lagoons was done in the fall of 2003 in order to... R. Flynn |
16. Analysis of 13 Years of Nitrogen Rate and Timing Work in Oklahoma Winter WheatIn 1999, Raun and Johnson estimated that the worlds nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in cereal grains was 33%. After two decades of improvement (Omara et al, 2019) revised the prior world NUE for cereal grains to 35%. This improvement can be partially attributed to the change in producer practices of timing of nitrogen applications from an all pre-plant application to a split application of both pre-pant and in-season. The experiment that is analyzed within this study was established in 2009 wit... S. Akin, B. Arnall |
17. Antibiotic Transport Via Runoff and Soil Loss from Manured FieldsPrevious research has verified the occurrence of veterinary antibiotics in manure, agricultural fields, and surface water bodies, yet little research has evaluated transport of antibiotics from agricultural fields. The objective of this project is to quantify the transportability of veterinary antibiotics from agricultural fields where manure or effluent is applied. Our hypothesis was that there would be significant differences among antibiotics in the partitioning ... J. Davis, C. Truman, S. Kim, J. Ascough ii, K. Carlson |
18. Apparent Electrical Conductivity As a Tool for Delineating Spatial Patterns in Inherent Soil PropertiesSoil properties affecting crop yield exhibit spatial variability. Apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) can be economically measured and is well correlated with many soil properties. Methods for processing ECa survey data and determining the relationship between ECa and soil properties are needed. An ECa survey was conducted on two fields and processed using the ESAP computer program. Soil samples to calibrate and validate the program were collected. An initial assessment resulted in a succe... B. Wienhold, P. Koerner |
19. Assessing Corn Response to Cover Crops and Nitrogen Fertilization in a No –Till, Three-year Rotation in Northeast KansasAs industry initiatives and government programs begin funding and incentivizing climate-smart agricultural practices, more farmers in the great plains region may be interested in incorporating cover crops into their rotations. Annual yield data can aid in understanding how cover crops impact cash crop productivity in this region. A long-term cover crop experiment in northeast Kansas was established in 2007 based on a wheat – corn – soybean rotation to determinate th... A. Correira, J. Grunberg, P. Tomlinson, K. Roozeboom, D. Presley |
20. Benefits of Fertilization to Beef Production from Forage WheatWheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) production in the southern Great Plains is a unique enterprise that provides both high quality forage and a grain crop within the same growing season. However, information on nitrogen and phosphorous management programs to maximize forage and beef production in a winter-active, dual-use wheat production system is lacking. Field-scale production studies were initiated on a Tillman clay loam near Vernon, TX in 1999 to determine i... J. Sij, W. Pinchak, S. Bevers, D. Malinowski, R. Gill, T. Baughman, D. Robinson |
21. Biofuels and Nutrient ManagementFew developments have had as dramatic or rapid an impact on crop production as did grain-based ethanol on corn in 2006 and 2007. In response to strong market signals, corn acreage in the U.S. in 2007 jumped from a three-year average of 80 million acres to nearly 93 million, an increase of more than 15%. Secondary effects on prices of other commodities soon followed. Nutrient demand increased as well as the cost of many inputs needed for crop production. The purpose of this paper is to evaluat... P. Fixen |
22. Calibration of the Nitrate Soil Test for Malting Barley in Western North DakotaMalting barley production is moving westward into semi-arid regions, such as western North Dakota. The objective of this study was to determine if the “nitrogen factor” traditionally used for malting barley in eastern ND, 1.5 lb (soil nitrate + fertilizer)-N per bushel, was valid for western ND. Six experiments were conducted. At each site, twenty unique combinations of residual nitrate-N and fertilizer N were combined with two varieties, a 6... J. Goos, B. Johnson, E. Eriksmoen, J. Nelson, G. Martin, P. Carr, N. Riveland, G. Bradbury |
23. Can Existing Sensor-based Technologies Predict Spring Wheat Yield and ProteinSensor-based technologies for in-season application of nitrogen (N) to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have been developed and are in use in the southern Great Plains. There is little information about the suitability of this technology for spring wheat production in the northern Great Plains. Field experiments were established in Brookings and Gettysburg, SD to evaluate the GreenSeeker Hand Held optical sensor (NTech Industries, Ukiah, CA) for measuring in-seas... S. Osborne, R. Gelderman, D. Beck |
24. Carbon and Nutrient Dynamics in Regenerative Cotton Production Systems of the Texas Southern High PlainsCarbon (C) sequestration in soil provides environmental and agronomic benefits. However, building soil C in semi-arid cotton systems is difficult due to low rainfall, low biomass production and high temperatures. Regenerative systems, which utilize practices such as cover cropping and crop rotation, can increase the amount of C input in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production systems, but they may increase C losses via carbon dioxide (CO2) due to increased respiration from soil... N. Boogades, K. Lewis, C. Cobos, J. Burke, P. Delaune |
25. Changes in Extractable Phosphorus in Amended Soils During a Growing SeasonRecent studies indicate that soil extractable P and P in runoff are greatest immediately after fertilizer and manure applications. Our objective was to evaluate changes in Mehlich 3– and water– extractable P in soils amended with cattle (Bos taurus) manure and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) throughout a single growing season. Cattle manure and MAP were applied at a rate of 184 and 300 kg P ha-1, respectively, on a Pullman clay loam (Fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleus... R. Schwartz, J. Bell |
26. Combined Nitrogen with Magnesium or Zinc Effects on Sugarbeet Yield Sucrose Concentration, and Nutrient Uptake Under Conventional and No-till SystemsSugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important cash crop in the Lower Yellowstone River valley. Fertility, especially nitrogen (N) fertilizer, management is critical for sugar beet yield and sucrose concentration. While farmers are switching from a conventional tillage method to a no-till system for sugar beet cultivation, nitrogen (N) fertilizer application timing might need to be adjusted. Furthermore, micronutrients may enhance sugar beet yield and sucrose concentration. A tw... C. Chen, M. Etesami, M. Abdelhamid |
27. Comparative Analysis of Different On-the-Go Soil Sensor SystemsThis study is part of the field of precision agriculture. This management mode is one of the great revolutions in the agriculture field, and it means better management of farm inputs such as fertilizers, herbicides, and seeds by applying the right amount at the right place and at the right time. Precision agriculture aims to divide the farm into management plots where each receives customized management input based on soil fertility status, landscape position, and management. also p... H. Moulay, B. Arnall, S. Phillips |
28. Comparative Analysis of Resource Partitioning and Nutrient Uptake Efficiencies in Modern Cotton CultivarsUnderstanding the complex process of resource partitioning within the plant provides prospects to develop new crop improvement strategies for varying environmental factors and agronomic practices. In upland cotton, the partitioning of dry matter is as crucially important as that of macronutrients and micronutrients in improving productivity. This presentation highlights research works pertaining to the changes in macronutrient and micronutrient uptake and partitioning alongside the remar... I. Pabuayon, K. Lewis, G. Ritchie |
29. Composted Manure Impacts on Organic Wheat Production in the Northern Great PlainsMontana leads the nation in organic production of small-grain crops including wheat (Triticum spp.). A major challenge faced by dryland farmers when growing wheat organically is supplying adequate N for optimum wheat yield and quality. A onetime application of composted manure at four rates (0, 5.6, 11, and 22 tons/acre) vs. annual applications of urea based on soil test results when growing wheat in wheat/fallow and wheat + biennial sweetclover [(Melilotus officinalis&... P. Carr, M.M. Volkman |
30. Composting Problem Wastes Produced on the Csu Campus for Later Beneficial Campus UsesColorado State University’s (CSU) Diagnostic Laboratory (DL), located at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, diagnoses the causes of animal mortality. Some of the carcasses received by the DL contain prions, the infectious agents of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs.). The DL disposes of its mortalities in an alkaline digester, which destroys the infectivity of pathological organisms, including prions, after six hours. The end products of the digestion ... K. Corwin doesken, J. Davis, B. Powers |
31. Copper and Zinc Fertilization in Winter WheatCopper and zinc applications have recently been sited as a possible management practice to improve wheat production on the Great Plains. Copper deficiency has been observed on wheat planted into peat soils, whereas wheat sensitivity to zinc deficiency is rated as low. To determine whether winter wheat in Kansas may benefit from copper and zinc, a multi-site study was set-up to determine if a 1 lb/a application applied prior to jointing is beneficial to yield. ... B. Olson, K. Leikam, M. Claassen |
32. Correlation of Bray, Olsen and Mehlich 3 Soil Tests with Corn Grain YieldIn the past, the Bray P1 soil test was the most common extractant used to assess the soils relative ability to supply P to growing crops in much of the eastern Great Plains and Midwest. The Olsen P soil test is often used in much of the western Great Plains. In recent years, several states/laboratories, including Kansas State University, have adopted the Mehlich 3 extractant for routine use. The ability to extract multiple elements with a single extractant and its reported utility on bot... D. Leikam, J. Herman, J. Massey, A. Schlegel, L. Maddux, S. Harold |
33. Cover Crop Termination Timing Effects on Soil and Cotton Nutrient AvailabilityCover crop termination timings can have large impacts on the amount of soil coverage, nutrient availability, and stored soil moisture in a system. Producers in semi-arid regions must gamble the possibility of increased soil infiltration and reduced soil water evaporation against the potential of decreased soil moisture; in the SHP, success is dependent on irrigation capacity and precipitation. Optimizing termination timings for semi-arid regions and in deficit-irrigation/dryland systems is cr... C. Cobos, G. Baath, J. Burke, S. Chatterjee, P. Delaune, K. Lewis |
34. Cover Crops in Semi-arid Dryland Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum, L.) Fallow Rotation, a Farmer Collaboration StudyWinter wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) (WW) is a primary dryland crop in semi-arid southeastern Wyoming. Incorporating cover crops (CC) to a WW-fallow rotation can help improve soil health. Local producers have been exploring the possibilities of using CC, but little is known about the CC impacts on soil moisture, plant available nitrogen (N) and competition with weeds in this region. A collaborative study with two dryland organic WW producers was launched in 2020. FARM 1 was planted to a CC mi... E. Moore, U. Norton |
35. Crop Production and Soil Property Impacts of Integrating Annual Forages and Ruminant Livestock into Wheat-based Cropping SystemsIntensifying dryland cropping systems with annual forages and integrating ruminant livestock have the potential to increase profitability, increase water use efficiency, and improve soil health. The objective of this study was to determine the crop yield and soil property impacts of intensifying the traditional no-till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench)-fallow (W-GS-F) cropping system with annual forages as well as integrating ruminant... Z. Carson, A. Obour, K. Roozeboom, J. Holman |
36. Developing Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertigation Strategies in CottonSubsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is becoming a popular option for maximizing the water use efficiency of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), especially in semi-arid environments of the Midsouth and Western United States. In the Texas High Plains where underground water resources from the Ogallala Aquifer are rapidly declining, there is increased adoption of water conservation technologies like center pivot and drip irrigation. In addition to increased water efficiency, drip irrigation allow... K. Lewis, H. Valencia, T. Roberts, J. Burke, G. Ritchie |
37. Diagnosing B Sufficiency for Fresh Market Tomatoes: Leaf or Flower AnalysisSoil and/or foliar B applications were applied to fresh market tomatoes grown at two Iowa and one Colorado location. Even though there were significant yield responses at all locations the B treatments did not effect leaf or flower B concentrations. Soil B application on Iowa loam soil significantly (P=0.03) increased extractable soil B, but the change was not detected in leaf or flower tissue. At the Iowa coarse sand site leaf B levels were enhanced 11.6%, fr... H. Taber, M. Bartolo, V. Lawson |
38. Double Cropping Wheat System Effects on Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activity Related to Nitrogen and Phosphorous Cycling Across TexasConventional management of agricultural systems can threaten soil health by contributing to soil erosion, soil carbon loss, and inefficient water use in crop production. Cover crops and conservation tillage have been reported to improve soil health, but the additional planting and maintenance comes at an additional cost. Double-cropping systems have the potential to mitigate that cost by providing producers a secondary crop with an additional source of income while providing soil health benef... H. Valencia, K. Lewis, J. Foster |
39. Dryland Corn Yield and Water Use Affected by Seeding Rate and Row ConfigurationAn established cattle market in the Northern Great Plains (NGP) creates a demand for feed grains including corn grain and silage. However, dryland corn production is hampered by the risk of crop failure due to drought conditions. Altering the row configuration and seeding rate have reduced the risk of yield loss in other areas, but these typically receive greater rainfall than the average 12-14 in annual precipitation of the NGP. A study was initiated in 2007 ... B. Allen |
40. Dryland Strip-till in Western KansasInterest in strip-till has risen over the past few years. Questions about whether strip-till is beneficial on dryland fields is a major concern for producers in western Kansas evaluating this process. To provide answers to some of these questions, a farmer assisted field study was initiated in the fall of 2003. The objectives of this research were to compare no-till to strip-till fertilizer treatments applied at various timings. No response to strip-till was o... B. Olson, R. Aiken, J. Falk |
41. Dual-purpose Cover Crop and Occasional Tillage Effects on Crop Yields and Soil Properties in a No-tillage Wheat-sorghum-fallow RotationReplacing fallow with dual-purpose cover crops (CCs) could enhance soil health and increase cropping system profitability when CCs are grazed or hayed. Grazing and/or haying CCs can provide an economic benefit to offset potential lost revenue when grain crop yields are decreased after CCs in dry years. However, producers are concerned about the potential for root-limiting soil compaction following grazing on no-till (NT) fields, which could limit subsequent grain crop yields and require tilla... L. Simon, A. Obour, J. Holman, S.K. Johnson, K. Roozeboom |
42. Dynamic Cropping Systems: Implications for Long-term ResearchLong-term cropping systems research provides critical information to producers regarding the sustainability of management practices. Fixed cropping sequences in long-term cropping systems research, while useful from the standpoint of understanding specific crop rotation effects on agronomic and environmental attributes, run the risk of losing relevance with producers over time due to changes in cropping practices brought about by market forces and technological innovations. &n... M. Liebig, D. Tanaka, J. Krupinsky, S. Merrill, J. Hanson |
43. Effect of Extractant pH on Exchangeable Cation Determination Using Ammonium Acetate and Mehlich-3Neutral pH ammonium acetate (1N NH4OAC, pH 7.0) is a standard soil test extractant for exchangeable cation concentrations. However, the concentrations may be artificially inflated for alkaline soils, especially those that are highly calcareous. The same effect potentially occurs with the Mehlich-3 extractant (Meh3, pH 2.5). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pH on exchangeable base cation soil test concentrations. Soil samples from the High Plains region were ran... F. Vocasek, B. Hopkins |
44. Effect of Nitrogen Rate and Timing on Forage Sorghum Biomass Yield and QualityForage Sorghum is a summer annual sorghum-sudan hybrid that is a high yielding and high-quality source of feed for livestock. Forage sorghum can produce multiple biomass harvests in a single growing season, and is harvested in a silage or dry hay form. Because of the high yield of forage sorghum, this crop is a valuable choice for producers in Oklahoma and surrounding regions with heavily dominated livestock production. For such a high yielding crop nitrogen fertilizer application is extremel... S. Sawatzky, S. Phillips |
45. Effect of Seeding Rate on Annual Warm Season Forage Yield and Plant StructureDue to the decline of the Ogallala Aquifer and reduced irrigation capacity, there is growing interest in more water-efficient cropping systems in the semi-arid central Great Plains. To support the region’s livestock industry, there is increased interest in forages because they use water more efficiently than grain crops. However, there is insufficient information on summer annual forage seeding rates in the range of environments encountered in the region. The objective of this study was... J. Holman, N. Detter, A. Obour, P. Tamea |
46. Effect of Zinc Fertilizers of Varying Water Solubility on Long Term Dtpa-zn Soil TestsThere are many zinc (Zn) fertilizer products on the market and these products often vary considerably in water solubility. In general, there are two main types of granular zinc products currently being marketed - zinc sulfate and various zinc oxysulfates. While the zinc in zinc sulfate is generally all water soluble, zinc oxysulfates vary considerably in water solubility. Zinc oxysulfates are typically produced by reacting sulfuric acid with various by-product zinc oxides. Zinc oxide is very ... D. Leikam, D. Seymour |
47. Effects of Alternative Midseason Side Dress Nitrogen Application Methods on Sugar BeetsSplit applications are an effective way to increase N use efficiency in sugar beet production. Research has shown that the efficiency of a midseason N application is greater when N is placed near the plant row than when broadcast. Comparisons of banded and broadcast midseason applications sometimes result in stark visual differences in response. More information is needed regarding the dynamics of this response and its influence on harvested yield. A study was conducted in Powell, WY under a ... S. Skalsky, W. Stevens, J. Jacobs, D. Menkhaus |
48. Effects of Fertilizer Nitrogen Management on Biomass, Oil, and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Peppermint in Nebraska PanhandlePeppermint (Mentha pipperita) is an aromatic perennial herb that contains aromatic oil, primarily menthol. Irrigated peppermint production requires large nitrogen (N) input, which is often higher than for irrigated corn. Therefore, if not managed properly, mint production has a high potential for N losses, including nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Nitrous oxide is a major greenhouse gas and the most important ozone-depleting emission. Increasing N2O emissions fro... B. Maharjan, S. Desilva |
49. Estimating Canola (Brassica Napus L.) Yield Potential and Nitrogen Requirements Using Optical SensorsOptical sensors have potential to improve our ability to match N fertilizer rates with crop requirements. Experiments with canola (Brassica napus L.) were completed to determine if normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) could be used to estimate canola yield potential (YP) and N requirements, as well as to assess if sensor-based N management for canola is feasible relative to conventional practices. Canola plots were repeatedly measured with handheld GreenSee... C. Holzapfel, G. Lafond, S. Brandt, R. Irvine, D. James, M. Morrison, W. May, P. Bullock |
50. Evaluation of a Preliminary Algorithm for Increasing Fertilizer Nitrogen-use Efficiency in CanolaA field experiment with canola (Brassica napus L.) was conducted at Indian Head and Scott, Saskatchewan to evaluate the effects of various nitrogen (N) management strategies on grain yield and profitability. The treatment of greatest interest was a variable rate application where we applied a reduced rate of N at seeding and determined N topdressing rates using a preliminary N application algorithm. The algorithm was used to estimate fertilizer N requirements using senso... C. Holzapfel, G. Lafond, S. Brandt, W. May, P. Bullock |
51. Evaluation of Active Optical Sensors for Assessment of Plant N in Irrigated CornNitrogen (N) fertilizer has received attention for a long time as a potential source of ground water pollution. Considerable research has been conducted to investigate use of remote sensing for assessing plant N status to improve N use efficiency. Most of these studies have used passive type sensors which require sunlight. Clouds hinder their performance. Active type sensors provide their own illumination which means they can be used to take measure... W. Bausch, A. Halvorson |
52. Evaluation of Fertility Timing for Double Crop SoybeansDouble crop soybeans (Glycine max), or soybeans following a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop are a popular choice for producers who are looking for a way to maintain field coverage through the summer and an opportunity to capture additional profit from their field. In Oklahoma, double crop soybeans have a lower success rate in a rain fed system due to the unpredictability of rainfall and the later planting date of the double crop soybeans. Because of this, producers traditionally treat t... R. Grant |
53. Evaluation of N Source in No-till Winter WheatNitrogen (N) source efficacy is dependent upon product used, application timing, and the condition of the environment in which it is placed. This study serves to look at how different N sources can be affected across different regions of Oklahoma, specifically in a heavy residue, no-till environment. N sources that were included in the study were Urea, Urea-Ammonium Nitrate (UAN), UAN + Anvol, and SuperU. The N sources were evaluated across nine site-years (SY) where each product had fou... J. Derrick, B. Arnall, M. Smith, J. bigatao souza |
54. Evaluation of the Nutrient Requirements and Uptake Indices of Ten Modern Cotton CultivarsThis study aims to re-evaluate the partitioning patterns and nutrient uptake index of new and soon-to-be released cotton cultivars to optimize the nutrient inputs for farmers and producers. The study will be divided into two phases: Phase I will be the determination of different nutrient uptake indices of 10 modern cotton cultivars and Phase II will be the development and establishment of new fertilizer management strategies for modern cotton cultivars using the results of plant nutrient upta... J. Bicaldo, K. Lewis, G. Ritchie |
55. Experience with Using the Sikora-2 Soil/buffer pH Method in the Great PlainsThe acreage of acidic soils in the Great Plains continues to increase from long-term cropping and fertilizer nitrogen use. Acidic soils developed initially in dryland fields and/or in areas dominated by sandy soils, but are now relatively common in irrigated systems and finer-textured soils. A typical method used in the Great Plains states had been to determine soil pH in a 1:1 soil:water slurry and, when required, to determine exchangeable acidity using the SMP buffer solution. The buffer pH... F. Vocasek, S. Harrold |
56. Exploring Long-Term Phosphorus Management Strategies for Optimizing Crops Yields in KansasPhosphorus (P) is a crucial nutrient for sustaining crop productivity, yet its scarcity often challenges agricultural endeavors. Recognizing the essential role of P fertilization in maintaining agricultural productivity, this study takes a multi-year approach to P management. It specifically delves into the intricate dynamics of long-term P placement, evaluating its impact on crop yield under varying rates and combinations. The primary objective is to discern the most effective phosphorus fer... D. Ruiz diaz, G. Roa |
57. Fertilizer Placement with Seed – a Decision AidBanding fertilizers with the seed at planting continues to be a popular option with producers in the Great Plains and North Central regions of the U.S. However, seed-placed fertilizer may limit germination/emergence of the seed/seedling. Nutrient source and rate are two factors affecting injury that are relatively simple to manage. Unfortunately, many crop producers and advisors have few rate guidelines for the many crop by fertilizer combinations that are common to... R. Gelderman |
58. Field Scale Assessment of Phosphorus Loss to Surface Waters for Planning and Regulation: P IndexesFields identified for manure application by large animal feeding operations need to be assessed for the P loss potential from the field to water bodies before March 30 2007. Many states use a phosphorus index to assess the risk of P loss. Phosphorus indices are intended to be easy to use with modest input data requirements. A P index typically considers source (site and management) and transport factors in assessing risk of P loss. A P index may be a tabular worksheet or a simple computer mod... C. Wortmann, J. Benning, C. Shapiro, D. Tarkalson |
59. Flax Seed Yield and Quality As Affected by N and PFlax (Linum usitatissimum) has the potential to become an important oilseed crop for bio-products and is well adapted to the cropping systems of Montana. Little information on the response of flax to N and P fertilization is available; consequently, nutrient management research was initiated in 2004 and 2005 at four locations each year. Nine treatments consisting of 0, 30, and 60 lbs N/acre in combination with 0, 15, and 30 lbs P2O5/acre were applied at pla... G. Jackson, D. Johnson |
60. Flexible Summer Fallow in the Central Great PlainsSummer fallow has played a significant role in dryland cropping systems in the Central Great Plains for many years. Although it helps to stabilize crop yields, frequent use of summer fallow jeopardizes the long-term sustainability of dryland systems by degrading the soil resource and reducing profitability. We argue that a dynamic system involving flexible summer fallow, whereby a grower’s decision to transition from a summer crop to winter wheat with a short-duration spring crop or sum... D. Lyon, D. Baltensperger, P. Burgener, D. Nielsen |
61. Foliar Fertilization: Improving the Human Wellness Attributes of MelonNetted muskmelon [Cucumis melo L. (Reticulatus Group)] fruit quality (ascorbic acid, beta- carotene, total free sugars, and soluble solids concentration (SSC)) is directly related to plant potassium (K) concentration during fruit growth and maturation. During fruiting, soil fertilization alone is often inadequate due to poor root uptake and competitive uptake inhibition from calcium and magnesium. Foliar applications of Potassium Metalosate during cantaloupe fruit development has been sh... G. Lester, J. Jifon |
62. Foliar Potassium Fertilization of Muskmelons: Effects on Fruit Quality and YieldSugar content, aroma and texture are key quality traits that influence consumer preference of many fruits and vegetables such as muskmelon [Cucumis melo L. (Reticulatus Group)]. These quality traits are directly related to potassium (K)-mediated processes. However, soil-derived K alone is seldom adequate to satisfy these fruit quality processes. Controlled environment studies have shown that supplemental foliar K applications can overcome this apparent de... J. Jifon, G. Lester |
63. Impact of Fertilizer Phosphorus (P) Source, Rate, and Placement Strategy on Yield, Nutrient Uptake, and P Losses in Snowmelt Runoff Water Across Variable Topographies in Saskatchewan, CanadaThe plant availability and mobility in soil of a fertilizer phosphorus (P) source is influenced by the solubility of the fertilizer product itself as well as the reaction products formed in soil over time. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, responses of wheat, pea and canola yield, P uptake and recovery were determined using eight fertilizer P sources applied in a broadcast and incorporate or side-band placement strategy at a low and high (20 vs 40 kg P2O5 ha-1) rates in... B. Weiseth, J. Schoenau, J. Elliott |
64. Impact of Grid Point Sampling Intensity on Phosphorus and Potassium UncertaintySoil testing is the foundation for the determination of nutrients for crop recommendations. The reliability of which is based the collection of a representative field sample, appropriate test method, accurate laboratory analysis, and the nutrient recommendations. The success of the soil testing process is fundamentally dependent on the collection of a representative soil sample. For whole fields this entails a composite of multiple soil cores denoting the coll... R. Miller |
65. Impact of Growth Hormones on Nutrient ExcretionThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) first approved the use of hormone implants containing estradiol benzoate/progesterone in 1956 for increasing growth, feed efficiency, and carcass leanness of cattle. Livestock production sites, including feedlots and dairies have recently undergone close scrutiny for their contribution of endocrine disruptor residues to the environment via their manure. While these effects need to be addressed, there is also a definite impact o... S. Archibequet, T. Borch, J. Davis |
66. Impact of Long-term No-till on Crop Yield, Economics, and Soil PropertiesA study was initiated in west-central Kansas near Tribune to evaluate the long-term effects of tillage intensity on soil properties and grain yield in a wheat-sorghum-fallow (WSF) rotation. After 10-yr, water infiltration was 50% greater with no-till (NT) than either reduced tillage (RT) or conventional tillage (CT). Aggregate stability was also better following NT than RT or CT. Grain yields of wheat and grain sorghum increased with decreased tillage intensit... A. Schlegel, T. Dumler, L. Stone |
67. Impact of P Fertility on Dryland Legume N ProductionField pea acreage in Montana has nearly quadrupled since 1997 because of its suitability to the climate and soils of the region and changes in the farm program. Usually in rotation with cereals, field pea provides a means to manufacture nitrogen from the atmosphere by nodulation with Rhizobium leguminosarum. This study attempts to determine whether P fertility has an impact on nitrogen production by the pea crop and the amount of N contributed to the following sprin... J. Waddell, A. Lenssen |
68. Impact of Phosphorus Soil Test Level Differences on Crop Response in No-till Soils in Central South DakotaWater and nutrient dynamics in no-till soils vary significantly from conventionally tilled soils. It is evident that soil structure, chemical parameters, and biological profiles influence the functionality of these different management systems. University soil fertility programs have been developed and calibrated for conventionally tilled management. Dakota Lakes Research Farm (Pierre, SD) conducted five years of research (2018-2022) to investigate the impact of phosphorus soil test levels in... S. Ireland, J. Clark |
69. Impact of Tillage, Cover Cropping and Nitrogen Timing on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Texas Southern High Plains CottonCover cropping and no tillage are the most common conversation practices in the Texas Southern High Plains (TSHP) region. However, less than a quarter of cultivated acres in the region utilize these practices. Concerns over cover crop nutrient and water use, yield decline and increased cost are common barriers to adoption for TSHP producers, despite potential benefits such as reduced wind erosion and increased soil organic matter. For these conservation practices to be successful, adjustments... N. Boogades, K. Lewis, M. Mcdonald |
70. Impacts of Cropping Intensity on Soil C and Net Greenhouse Gas Fluxes for Dryland Cropping in Northeastern ColoradoIn 1985, land that was traditionally used for conventional tillage wheat/fallow cropping was converted to no till alternative cropping systems to investigate soil carbon changes. After 12 years of average to above average precipitation, continuous no till cropping with out summer fallow had stored more than twice the amount of carbon in soil compared to no till wheat/corn/fallow cropping. However, after 18 years, the wheat/corn/fallow system had stored almost 3 times as much carbon... S. Del grosso, L. Sherrod, A. Mosier, G. Peterson, L. Ahuja, N. Hansen |
71. Implications of Nutrient and pH Stratification in No-tillStratification of non-mobile nutrients in no-till is not a surprising result. However, this presentation will share the findings of soil sampling a series of long-term NPK fertility studies which have been in no-till production for more than ten years. This data set includes a non-treated check. Beyond stratification of nutrients we found significant stratification of OM, soil acidity, and Al3+. The impacts of stratification in a production system will be discussed along with potential proble... B. Arnall, R. Sharry |
72. Improving the Fermentation Characteristics of Corn Through Optimum N Fertilization and Hybrid SelectionEthanol processors could increase production efficiency if they had access to corn grain better suited for fermentation. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of hybrids and N fertility rates on fermentable starch content that will be used for dry-mill ethanol production. Six hybrids were grown under four N fertility levels at two locations in eastern SD. Ethanol yields increased as N fertility levels increased. Higher ethanol yields were ... G. Reicks, H. Woodard, A. Bly |
73. In Season Crop N ManagementWe are testing a prototype high-clearance tractor configured with active crop canopy sensors, drop nozzles with electronic valves, and a variable rate controller as means to deliver in-season variable rates of liquid N fertilizer based on crop needs as an alterative to preplant uniform applications of N. The active sensor we’re evaluating is the model ACS-210 CropCircle made by Holland Scientific. It generates its own source of modulate... J. Shanahan, F. Solari, J. Schepers, D. Francis |
74. Inclusion of Weather and Soil Data in Nitrogen Yield Response Curves and Economic ModelsNear record-high fertilizer prices have created the need for models that predict economically optimum nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates for small grains in Montana. Current yield and protein models, necessary for the development of economic models, have been based on available N (soil plus fertilizer N) and grouped into two to three yield ranges to improve model fit. The goal of this study was to add climate parameters and organic matter (O.M.) content into grain yield, protein, and economic mode... C. Jones, D. Griffith |
75. Influence of Irrigation Timing and Amount on Cotton Physiology and Nutrient PartitioningThis study explores the impact of varying water levels on nutrient uptake in cotton plants, known for its sensitivity to environmental conditions. Recognizing the pivotal role of water availability in agricultural productivity, the experiment employed different irrigation scenarios and assessed the efficiency of nutrient absorption in cotton under these varied circumstances. The research also focused on analyzing nutrient content in different plant tiss... K. Vargas, K. Lewis, J. Bicaldo, J. Burke |
76. Initial Studies on Soil Nitrogen Management, Soybean Nitrogen Relations,and Bean Leaf Beetle BiologyBean leaf beetles (Cerotoma trifurcata) are serious insect pests of soybeans (Glycine max). This study was conducted to determine if soil nitrogen (N) input treatments would impact the biology of this emerging pest species. The experiment was conducted in the soybean phase of a long-term corn/soybean rotation study near Brookings SD. Soil N input treatments were: corn fertilized for a yield goal of 8.5 Mg ha-1 (high N input), 5.3 Mg ha-1 (medium N in... W. Riedell, J. Lundgren, S. Osborne, J. Pikul jr. |
77. Intensive Measurements in Single Field Vs. Traditional Multi-location P Rate Studies for Localized P RecommendationsWith the advances in precision technologies over the past decade, there is more interest in individual farmers developing their own individualized research base. There are several stated advantages of individual farmers developing their own research base including; the accumulated data is from their own farm and reflects their environmental conditions, the results reflect an individual farmers cultural practices and rotations as compared to ‘average’ conditions, collecting many da... D. Leikam, J. Herman, J. Massey, L. Maddux, S. Harold |
78. Investigating Adsorption Capacities of Treated Sewage Byproducts for Their Potential Use As FertilizerAs the global population rapidly grows, food producers of the world are faced with the task of feeding as many as ten billion people by 2050. The current state of fertilizer use cannot support this growth, and the overuse and poor management of fertilizers has degraded soil, water, and air quality over time. The average recovery efficiency of nitrogen by crops is low, only 50% due to the fast dispersion/loss of applied fertilizers to the environment. This leaching of fertilizer often leads to... K. Coyle, L. Slaughter, C. Alvarez-pugliese, G.G. Botte, M. Siebecker |
79. Investigating Soybean Response to Phosphorus with a Cover Crop and Fertilizer Combination in KansasThe soybean crop provides one of the best opportunities to include a cool season cover crop (CC) ahead of planting. This study aims to maximize phosphorus (P) use efficiency by the soybean crop by using CC planting as a window of opportunity for better P fertilizer placement and timing. Specifically, combining P fertilizer with cereal CC seeds will place the fertilizer below the soil surface and combine two operations (CC planting and fertilizer application) in one pass. Other benefits includ... J. Demarco, D. Ruiz diaz |
80. Irrigation System Effects on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Under Sugarbeet and Barley in Northern Great PlainsIrrigation system may influence the growth and yields of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) and malt barley (Hordeum vulgarisL.), amount of their residue returned to the soil, and soil C and N levels. The effect of two irrigation systems [low energy precision application (LEPA) and mid-elevation spray application (MESA)] was examined on the amount of biomass (stems + leaves) residue returned to the soil from conventional till sugarbeet (CTSB), strip till sugarbeet (STSB), and conventional... U. Sainju, R. Evans, W. Iversen |
81. Is Potassium Limiting No-till Corn Yields?Potassium (K) was thought to be a limiting factor for no-till and ridge-till corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine maxL. Merr.) in a long-term tillage and crop rotation study at the Iowa State University (ISU) Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering Research Center (AERC). Our objective in this study was to compare 30 lb K2O/A broadcast, dry subsurface band or liquid surface band applications with a control (0 lb/A). The treatments were applied to the same plots each year for two years, ... D. Karlen, J. Kovar |
82. Land Application of Anaerobically Digested Biosolids in Usepa Region 8Most municipal wastewater in USEPA Region 8 (covering the states of CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, and WY) flows through facilities where the sludge is treated using anaerobic digestion in order to meet pathogen reduction and vector attractiveness requirements. Tracking the application of anaerobically digested biosolids is an important step in determining the fate of carbon, nutrients, and potential contaminants from this widely used biosolids treatment process. The biosolids appl... R. Brobst, M. Massey, W. Kennedy, L. Shanklin |
83. Lime Management in the Semi-arid Regions of the USSoil acidity is increasing in the semi-arid regions of the US; however, questions exist about the efficacy of different liming products to raise soil pH and how long the lime benefits last. Therefore, we conducted two studies: 1) To monitor the efficacy of three liming products: sugarbeet lime (tilled and non-tilled), prilled lime (seed-placed), and aglime (tilled) to improve soil pH and crop yields at two sites in Montana and 2) To evaluate how different sugarbeet lime rates perform to mitig... M. Rakkar, C. Jones, P. Miller, K. Mcvay, R. Engel |
84. Long-term Phosphorus Studies in Western CanadaAn experiment that was established in 1982 to assess placement of P fertilizer on the yield of continuous barley was terminated in 2004, after annual application of P (30 kg ha-1) was discontinued in all but one treatment in 2001. Total removal of P during the first 20 years of the experiment (615 kg P2O5 ha-1) was virtually equal to total P application (600 kg P2O5 ha-1); however, when removal by the control that was fertilized with N only was subtracted from the total r... R. Karamanos |
85. Long-term Tillage with Winter Wheat Grain Yield in Dryland Cropping SystemLong-term studies are important to improve our understanding and evaluate the sustainability of management practices while mitigating climate change. This study evaluated the winter-wheat grain yield stability under long-term tillage practices. Yield stability was assessed using squared deviation from regression (S2d). This study of winter wheat-fallow rotation was established in 1970 within the High Plains Agricultural Laboratory (HPAL) near Sidney, Nebraska (NE) on Duroc... M. Mikha, C. Creech, L. Aula, A. Easterly |
86. Making the Most of Fallow Crops – Nitrogen ManagementThe practice of summer fallowing was adopted in the drier areas of the prairies (Brown and Dark Brown Soil Zones) to conserve moisture, afford weed control, allow the soil to “rest”, i.e., mineralize N, maintain stability of crop yields, manage trash and allow for better seedbed preparation and provide a more uniform work load. This practice, however, combined with cultivation encourages wind and water erosion, water percolation and leaching losses in lighter textured s... R. Karamanos, F. Selles |
87. Management of Post-emergence Nitrogen on Spring WheatWhy are Producers Interested in Post Emergence N Applications? Increase in nitrogen (N) fertilizer prices combined with rewards for achieving high grain protein concentration in wheat has led to increased interest in post-emergence applications of N to spring seeded crops. Traditionally, N fertilizer prices decrease in the month of June, thus post-emergence applications may be an economical alternative to applying all the N requirement either in the previous fall or sprin... R. Karamanos |
88. Manganese Nutrition of Glyphosate-resistant and Conventional SoybeansThere is evidence to suggest that insertion of the gene that imparts glyphosate resistance in soybeans may have altered physiological processes that affect manganese (Mn) uptake and metabolism. This study was conducted in order to determine if glyphosate-resistant soybeans respond differently to applied Mn than conventional soybeans. The glyphosate-resistant soybean variety KS 4202 RR and its conventional isoline were grown on a Crete silt loam soil with a pH of 6.9 at the North Central Kansa... B. Gordon |
89. Maximizing Irrigated Corn and Soybean Yields in the Great PlainsThe corn experiment was conducted in 2000 through 2002 on a producer’s field in the Republican River Valley, on a Carr sandy loam soil, and in 2003-2004 on the North Central Kansas Experiment Field, on a Crete silt loam soil. Treatments consisted of two plant populations (28,000 and 42,000 plants/a) and nine fertility treatments consisting of three N rates (160, 230, and 300 lb/a) in combination with rates of P, K, and S. Results from the 3-year study on the Carr sandy loam soil &n... B. Gordon |
90. Meeting Demand with a New Interdisciplinary Program in Organic AgricultureOrganic food and fiber production without the use of synthetic pesticides or chemical fertilizers is the fastest-growing sector of the agricultural industry, fueled by consumer demand. The Interdisciplinary Studies Program in Organic Agriculture at Colorado State University provides a unique opportunity to study the science of organic production. Our program builds on a base of fundamental agricultural sciences with additional courses on organic agricultural methods, management and marketing.... A. Elliott, F. Stonaker, J. Davis, H. Hughes |
91. Microbial Communities and C Cycling Under Deficit-irrigated MaizeGrowing urban population, declining groundwater levels, and drought are factors leading to reduced water quantities for irrigated land in the semiarid western U.S. Developing sustainable limited irrigation systems necessitates an understanding of how reduced water availability affects soil microbial processes and ecological interactions critical to crop productivity and soil conservation. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of deficit-irrigated maize cropping s... M. Stromberger, K. Coffin, N. Hansen |
92. N Response Functions for Today’s Production CostsBuilding upon a discussion of linear and curvilinear yield response to fertilizer, this research develops a framework where response is fundamentally linear for any particular site-year, but where expected response can become curvilinear in the face of random weather across space and time. We next put forth several functional forms as potential candidates for generalizing expected yield response to N. Functional forms were evaluated using historical N trial data from wes... T. Kastens, K. Dhuyvetter, A. Schlegel, T. Dumler |
93. Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Irrigated Cropping SystemsWe evaluated the effects of N fertilization and irrigated crop management practices on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Emissions were monitored from several irrigated cropping systems receiving N fertilizer rates (0, 67, 134, and 246 kg N/ha) during the 2006 growing season and N rates of 0 and 246 kg N/ha on corn plots, 0 and 156 kg N/ha on barley plots, and 0 and 56 kg N/ha on the dry bean plots during the 2007 growing seasons. Cropping systems included: convention... A. Halvorson, S. Del grosso, C. Reule |
94. Nitrogen Fertilizer and Rhizobium Combinations to Improve Yield and Quality of Mung Bean and Adzuki Bean in MontanaMung bean and adzuki bean are new alternative grain legumes that may be grown in Montana and provide benefits to Montana’s cropping systems by improving long-term diversification and productivity. The objective of this study was to investigate mung bean and adzuki bean response to nitrogen fertilizer and rhizobium combinations to determine the optimum fertilizer management. Two adzuki bean (Organic and O.R varieties) and two mung bean (Organic and L.N varieties) cultivars were grown und... M. Etesami, F. Etemadi, T. Gross, B. Franck, C. Chen, C. Kowatch-carlson, S. Franck |
95. Nitrogen Management for No-tillage Corn and Grain Sorghum ProductionNo-tillage production systems are being used by an increasing number of producers in the central Great Plains because of several advantages that include reduction of soil erosion, increased soil water use-efficiency, and improved soil quality. However, the large amount of residue left on the soil surface can make nitrogen management difficult. Surface applications of urea containing fertilizers are subject to volatilization losses. Leaching can also be a problem on course textured soils when ... B. Gordon |
96. Nitrogen Management in Semi-arid Conservation Cotton Production SystemsThe Southern High Plains (SHP) region of Texas is one of the largest cotton-producing regions in the United States. Cotton production is hindered by climatic conditions and wind erosion, but attempts have been made to adopt conservation management practices like cover crops and crop rotations to limit these effects. Conservation management practices can reduce a soil’s susceptibility to wind erosion, but their adoption has been limited on the SHP due to producers’ concerns regardi... J. Burke, K. Lewis, W. Keeling, W. Keeling |
97. Nitrogen Management of Cotton Following Corn in the High PlainsNitrogen (N) management in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is challenging given physiological dynamics in an indeterminate crop. Cotton performance may be harmed due not only to under fertilization of N, but also excessive fertilization. This is especially pertinent when managing cotton for earliness. Often these challenges occur in the form of delaying the onset of reproductive structures due to the crops indeterminate nature, leading to problems associated with ... R. Sharry, M. Smith, B. Arnall |
98. Nitrogen Mineralization Rate of Animal Manure Across Productivity Level Management ZonesAccurate quantification of Nitrogen (N) mineralization in manure from different productivity level management zones (MZs) could result in efficient and safe utilization of manure as N fertilizer. Soil characteristics and crop responses change between different MZs and the loss of N and other nutrients into the environment can occur when the supply of soil nutrients by animal manure and other sources exceeds the demand by crops. The objective of this study was to compare nitrogen mineralizatio... M. Moshia, R. Khosla, D. Westfall, J. Davis, R. Reich |
99. Nitrogen Recalibration for Wheat in North DakotaThe general formula for determining N fertilizer rate in North Dakota for about thirty-five years has been N-rate = (2.5 X Yield Potential (or Yield Goal) less credits from previous crops and soil test nitrate-N from a 2-foot soil core composite. Historically high fertilizer N costs and the ability to fertilize within fields rather than whole field N management has resulted in a reexamination of N calibration data, and an effort to expand the modern N calibration database with new f... D. Franzen, G. Endres, K. Mckay, J. Lukach, R. Ashley |
100. Nitrogen Requirements of Sorghums for Biofuel Feedstock Production in the Southern High PlainsSorghums are a logical crop choice for biofuel feedstock in semiarid West Texas. The declining Ogallala aquifer means that “renewable” biofuel production must be on limited irrigation. Nutrient requirements, primarily N, become the next constraint. We looked at total biomass yields, grain yields, estimated ethanol production, and brix content of forage sorghums, grain sorghums, and sweet sorghums from 2004 to 2007 in Bushland, Texas. Bio... B. Bean, K. Bronson, R. Schwartz, A. Malapati |
101. Nitrogen Response in High-yielding Corn Systems of NebraskaIrrigated corn was grown at five different N levels in 34 environments in Nebraska to (1) evaluate the performance of the existing UNL N recommendation algorithm for corn at high yield levels and (2) add adjustments to the N recommendation to account for different application times and varying corn and nitrogen prices. At most sites, maximum corn yields were in the 210 to 275 bu/acre range. Average yield without N application was 166 bu/acre, but ranged from 90 to 247 bu/acre. Yield response ... A. Dobermann, R. Ferguson, G. Hergert, C. Shapiro, D. Tarkalson, D. Walters |
102. Nutrient Accumulation and Partitioning by Grain Corn in ManitobaHigh grain yield of corn was produced in a year with normal heat unit and precipitation accumulation without periods of heat or moisture stress. Nutrients varied not only in magnitude of uptake, but in rate, timing and partitioning within the plant. Magnitude of nutrient uptake was: K2O > N > P2O5 > Mg > Ca =S, Fe >>> Zn = Mn > B > Cu. Some nutrients were repartitioned within the plant as the cob and kernels developed... J. Heard |
103. Nutrient Accumulation and Partitioning by Potatoes in ManitobaThe purpose of this study was to document nutrient uptake and partitioning in processing potatoes. Potatoes did take up and remove considerable amounts of macro and secondary nutrients. Nutrients behaved differently in uptake pattern, partitioning in the plant and translocation within the plant. More than half the N, P, K, S and Cu were found in the tuber of the plant. The nutrients Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn were found predominantly in the leaves. B and Zn ... J. Heard |
104. Nutrient Uptake and Manganese Response in Conventional and Glyphosate-resistant SoybeanGlyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean cultivars are widely accepted in the United States. Glyphosate-resistant technology provides many benefits to production agriculture, yet GR soybeans may require some additional management factors in order to obtain maximum yields. The objectives of this research are to determine (i) nutrient uptake in GR and conventional (CV) soybean isogenetic lines and (ii) response of GR and CV soybean to manganese fertilization. A field study was conducted at 5 locations... J. Loecker, N. Nelson, W. Gordon, L. Maddox, K. Janssen |
105. Onion Response to Nitrogen Fertilization Under Drip and Furrow IrrigationOnion is a high cash value crop with a very shallow root system that is frequently fertilized with high N rates (>200 lb N/a) to maximize yield. In 2005, we applied six N rates (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 lb N/a) to existing N plots previously cropped to corn (2000-2003) and chile pepper (2004). The N source was a polycoated urea with a 90 to 120 day release period which was applied prior to planting. The N main plots were split in 2005 to allow irrigation by furrow... A. Halvorson, M. Bartolo, C. Reule, A. Berrada |
106. Outlook on the High Plains Aquifer: What’s in Store for Irrigated Agriculture?The High Plains aquifer is the most intensively used aquifer in the United States, providing irrigation for approximately 14 million acres of crop land. The aquifer recharges slowly in the semi-arid environment of the Great Plains, resulting in significant water level declines in parts of Texas, Kansas, Colorado, Oklahoma, New Mexico and Nebraska over the past 40 years. The recent four year drought on the High Plains, coupled with the Republican River settlement, have pu... R. Waskom, J. Pritchett, J. Schneekloth |
107. Phosphorus Placement in Reduced Tillage Systems in KansasA number of questions are being raised concerning phosphorus (P) management as more producers switch to minimum or no-till (NT) systems. These tillage systems conserve moisture below the surface residue creating cooler, and potentially wetter soil conditions at planting, and stratified nutrient concentrations in the soil. The cooler temperatures can result in slower earlier season growth on crops such as corn and wheat, and P stratification can potentially reduce P uptak... K. Martin, D. Mengel |
108. Predicting Phosphorus Runoff from Calcareous SoilsStudies have shown that as extractable soil P levels increase, runoff P levels also increase. This relationship has been found on many different soils, but tends to be unique for each soil series. Very little research exists evaluating this relationship in calcareous soils. The objectives of this study were to determine soil series specific relationships between soil test phosphorus (STP) and runoff P for three calcareous soils, to compare the use of different... R. Schierer, J. Davis, J. Zimbrunnen |
109. Preserving the Past, Nurturing the Future: Inorganic Fertilizers and the Vital Role of Phosphorus and Potassium in Native Prairie RestorationPhosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are macronutrients required to sustain plant growth and reproduction. They are commonly applied as inorganic fertilizer by farmers across the world for their crops but these nutrients are also important for the development and sustainment of native grassland systems. Much of the Great Plains region has either been used as farmland or grazing land. These practices can disturb natural nutrient cycling by removing nutrients without adequate replacement. Current l... K. Hays, B. Arnall |
110. Quick Test for Cation Exchange Capacity in SoilsThe objective of this study was to develop a quick method for estimating the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soils, suitable for use in an introductory soil science laboratory, and possibly for routine soil testing. In this method, the soil is reacted with a calcium solution, such as calcium acetate, and the excess removed by filtration. The soil is then suspended in a sodium oxalate solution, and the electrical conductivity (EC) of the suspension determined. &nbs... J. Goos, B. Johnson |
111. Recent 2-Row Malting Barley Nitrogen Rate Revision for North DakotaAs the demand of two-row malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) increases, having sound nitrogen (N) recommendations is increasingly necessary. Not only does N play a role in grain yield, but it may also significantly impact grain malting characteristics including protein, plump, and test weight. To determine the impacts N rate and N availability have on two-row malting barley, two experimental sites were established in both Spring 2020 and 2021. The experiments were organized as a rand... D. Franzen, B. Goettl |
112. Recent Advances in P Fertilizer Technologies—Polymer CoatingsPhosphorus fertilizers are an essential part of plant production and have been recognized as such for well over 100 years. Phosphorus utilization by crops is related to both soil availability as well as an individual plants metabolic process that allows P to be taken up by a plant as well as utilized for a wide variety of developmental processes. ... T. Tindall, A. Blaylock |
113. Rejuvenating Old Forage Stands with Liquid FertilizerWe initiated trials on old unproductive forage stands at 2 Saskatchewan locations to determine if their productivity could be restored with fertilizers. Fertilizing with N and P in general agreement with soil test recommendations provided yield responses that more than offset fertilizer costs. Dribble banding liquid urea-ammonium nitrate and ammonium poly-phosphate was an effective way of applying N and P, as was surface broadcasting granular ammonium nitrate plus mono-ammonium phosphate. No ... S. Brandt, G. Lafond, W. May, A. Johnston |
114. Relationship Between Soil Health and Nutrient Availability in Semi-arid Cotton ProductionThe use of conservation management practices, like cover crops and no-tillage, is common in semi-arid cropping systems to reduce wind erosion. However, the use of these practices can also reduce cotton lint yield. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of nitrogen (N) management in conservation cropping systems to increase cotton lint yield. Two experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and Extension Systems in Lamesa, TX, USA. The first exper... J. Burke, K. Lewis, J. Foster |
115. Residual Effects of Manure and N Fertilizer on Corn Yield and Soil N and P Under Drip and Furrow IrrigationA field experiment was conducted at the Arkansas Valley Research Center in 2007 to test the residual effects of two years (2005 and 2006) of manure application (10, 20, and 30 tons/acre) and N fertilizer (60, 120, and 180 lb N/acre) on corn yield, N and P uptake, and soil N03-N and P concentrations under subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and furrow irrigation (FrI). There were no significant differences in corn yield between SDI and FrI in 2005, 2006, and 2007, even though, on avera... A. Berrada, A. Halvorson, M. Bartolo, J. Valliant |
116. Response of Camelina to Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and SulfurCamelina (Camelina sativa) has been introduced as feed stock for bio-products, but information about its nutrient requirements are lacking. Experiments were initiated to determine the seed yield, seed oil, N, P, K, and S content, and fatty acid composition of the oil response of camelina to N, P, and S additions and to determine if the response is related to appropriate soil tests. Data from six locations indicated that camelina needs about 80 lbs N/acre for optimum seed yields and oil c... G. Jackson |
117. Seedrow Nitrogen Placement GuidelinesIntroduction of no-till and direct seeding practices in the western Canadian prairies has resulted in expansion of the practice of placing N fertilizer with the seed. Almost fifty percent (49.5%) of the total seeded acres in western Canada were in no-till according to the 2006 census (Statistics Canada 2006). Greatest percentages were in Saskatchewan and Alberta, where no-till systems accounted for 60 and 48 % of the seeded area, respectively. ... R. Karamanos, J. Harapiak, N. Flore |
118. Shining Light on Novel Pathways for Potassium Fixation in SoilCotton has a high demand for potassium, and potassium significantly affects both cotton yield and fiber quality. Thus, bioavailability of potassium from the soil is paramount. Bioavailability and leaching of potassium to crops and from soils has been studied since the 1940s. However, problems that confronted agronomists in the 1980s continue to impact growers and crop production, including unpredictable potassium bioavailability and inconsistent plant response to fertilizer application under ... M. Siebecker, K. Coyle, T. Pham, I. Saldana haworth, E. Schmidt, A. Sharma, K. Lewis |
119. Side-dress Applied ESN Reduces N2O Compared with Single Urea Application for Irrigated CornEnhanced efficiency fertilizer (poly coated urea, may reduce soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions while maintaining or increasing crop yields. However, further increases in N fertilizer efficiency may be attainable with a starter fertilizer application followed by side-dressed EEF. We monitored soil N2O using surface chambers from three N treatments [202 kg N ha-1 single application of urea, 34 kg N ha-1 starter urea combined with 168 kg N... S. Del grosso, J. Delgado, C.E. Stewart |
120. Site-specific N Application – the Soil Management FactorFields within a site in North Dakota and one in Montana were investigated using variable-rate N based on zone delineation tools. Limited response was observed at either location. Closer examination of the soils within the fields showed that at the ND site, sandier, low organic matter soils might best be managed not through preplant rate, but through a top-dress or sidedress application of N, using lower rates adequate for the lower productivity of the soils. Higher organic matter, heavier tex... D. Franzen, D. Long |
121. Soil Microbes Are Critical to Maintaining Soil Fertility in the Great PlainsSoil in the Great Plains is known to be susceptible to wind and water erosion due to moisture deficits throughout the region that limit soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation that helps form stable soil structure. Conservation management practices like reduced tillage are emphasized to maintain SOM that provides habitat for soil microbes to perform ecosystem services related to nutrient cycling and soil aggregation to increase resistance to erosion and maintain fertile topsoil. Soils under lo... W. Roper, V. Acosta-martinez, J. Moore, M. Mikha, D.K. Manter, C.E. Stewart, R.M. Lehman, M.A. Liebig, V.L. Jin |
122. Soil N Crediting for Texas Wheat ProductionThe objectives of this research effort were to assess soil N crediting depth and yield-based N fertilizer recommendations across wheat producing regions of Texas. Trials were coordinated among six different regions in 2017, 2018, and/or 2019 for a cumulative 10 site-years (not all sites were represented in all years). Treatments comprised a 6 × 4 factorial with six yield-based N rates (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 lbs N per target bushel) and four N crediting depths (0, 0-6”, 0-12&r... R. Noland |
123. Soil Properties and Winter Wheat Nutrient Uptake As Affected by Long-term Tillage and Nitrogen FertilizationKnowledge gained on the long-term effects of crop management practices on soil fertility is critical in developing nutrient management strategies to optimize crop yields and environmental sustainability in semi-arid cropping systems. This study examined the long-term effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer management and tillage intensity [conventional tillage (CT), and no-tillage (NT)] on soil properties and nutrient uptake in a dryland wheat-sorghum-fallow cropping system. Results showed winter ... A. Obour, J. Holman, L. Simon, Y.M. Assefa |
124. Sorghum Grain Yield and Yield Component Under Different Skip-row Configuration and Plant Density in NebraskaEqual spacing of sorghum rows typically results in the highest grain yield when soil water is adequate throughout the season, but skip-row planting may be a means to reduce water deficits during reproductive growth stages. A two year field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of skip-row configuration and plant population density on grain yield and yield components in a transect across Nebraska where annual mean precipitation ranges from 300 to 900 mm yr-1. Three row configurations incl... A. Abunyewa, R. Ferguson, C. Wortmann, D. Lyon, S. Mason |
125. Strip Tillage for Sugarbeet and Its Implications for N Fertilizer ManagementStrip tillage (ST) is attractive as a means to reduce fuel and labor costs associated with sugarbeet (Beta vulgarisL.) production, but seedbed preparation, fertilizer management, and weed control are concerns. A field study was conducted near Sidney, MT with objectives to (i) compare the effect of tillage system [conventional tillage (CT) vs. ST] on yield and quality, and (ii) compare N uptake and availability with the two tillage systems under sprinkler irrigation. For ST, 12-inch strips spa... B. Stevens, B. Iversen, B. Evans, J. Jabro, J. Kim |
126. Strip Tillage Versus Broadcast N Application for Sugar Beet and Dry BeansStrip-till placement of N was compared to broadcast N application for sugar beets and dry beans during 2006 and 2007 near Scottsbluff, NE. Effects on sugar beet stand, yield, sugar content and sucrose production and sugar loss to molasses were evaluated. For dry beans, stand and final yield effects were measured. No significant N method effects or N rate by method interactions were shown for either crop. N rate significantly increased yield of both ... G. Hergert, R. Nielsen |
127. Subsurface Drip Fertigation Impacts on Nutrient Uptake and Partitioning in CottonSubsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is becoming a popular option for maximizing the water use efficiency of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), especially in semi-arid environments of the Midsouth and Western United States. In the Texas High Plains where underground water resources from the Ogallala Aquifer are rapidly declining, there is increased adoption of water conservation technologies like center pivot and drip irrigation. In addition to increased water efficiency, drip irrigation allow... H.L. Valencia, J. Burke, T. Bennett, K. Lewis |
128. Summer Annual Legumes: Yield Potential and Water UseDue to the decline of the Ogalla Aquifer and reduced irrigation capacity, there is a growing interest in more water-efficient cropping systems in the semi-arid central Great Plains. One of the most water-intense crops grown on the semi-arid central Great Plains is alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Alfalfa is grown for its nutritive value and protein, which is highly desired by cow/calf, feed yards, and dairies of the central and southern Great Plains. The purpose of this study was to eva... J. Holman, N. Detter, A. Obour, L. Haag, K. Roozeboom |
129. Sustainable and Resilient Cropping Systems to Mitigate Wind Erosion for the Enhancement of Human HealthIn the Texas High Plains, regenerative cropping practices in a predominantly conventional farming area can be used to prevent further depletion of topsoil by wind erosion. This loss of topsoil can cause a decrease in agricultural productivity and form dust storms that can be detrimental to human health causing a rise in hospitalizations of chronic lung damage, cardiovascular disorders, and diseases contracted by inhalation. Using regenerative farming practices, both the number and size of dus... K. Lewis, R. Babcock, J. Burke, C. Cobos |
130. Sustainable Sufficiency: an Alternative Paradigm for Phosphorus Fertilizer ManagementSustainable, widespread adoption of conservation practices on-farm demands alignment of agronomic productivity and environmental protection goals. Phosphorus (P) fertilizer management is a critical control point for conservation P management, to reduce agricultural P loss to the environment. Phosphorus fertilizer recommendations follow either a low-P sufficiency (SF), or a higher-P build and maintain (BM) approach. Reduced P fertilizer inputs are recognized as an effective control measure to ... M. Bourns, N. Nelson, G. Roa , D. Ruiz diaz, J. Demarco |
131. Temporal and Spatial Variability of Nitrogen Use Efficiency Across Landscape Positions in Southern High PlainsOptimizing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is crucial for enhancing crop productivity, managing resources effectively, and promoting environmental sustainability. In response to the growing significance of sustainable agriculture, this research rigorously explores the temporal and spatial dynamics of NUE in the unique agroecosystem of the Southern High Plains. With a focus on precision nitrogen management tailored to the region's distinctive conditions, the study aims to provide valuable in... R. Karn, W. Guo, K. Lewis, G. Ritchie, M. Siebecker |
132. The Effect of Manure and N Rates on Corn Yield and Salt and Nitrate Movement in the Soil Under Furrow and Drip Irrigation in the Arkansas River ValleyA field experiment was conducted at the Arkansas Valley Research Center (AVRC) in 2005 to test the effects of irrigation type and scheduling and fertilizer rate on corn yield and salts and NO3-N movement in the soil profile. Four N fertilizer rates (0, 60, 120, and 180 lb N/a) and four manure rates (10, 20, and 30 t/a) under subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and furrow irrigation (FrI) with two irrigation scheduling regimes (full and deficit irrigation) were compared. The results show no signi... A. Berrada, A. Halvorson, M. Bartolo, J. Valliant |
133. The Effect of Tillage on Spring Wheat N ResponseFor economic and environmental benefits, more and more producers have adopted no-till practices in Montana, but the nitrogen (N) recommendations for various no-till crop rotation systems have not been well established. The objectives of this study were: 1) to investigate the effects of tillage, number of years of tillage, previous crop, and N input on winter wheat yield, and 2) determine the fertilizer-N needs and establish fertilizer recommendations for Montana growers to produce optimum win... C. Chen, C. Jones |
134. The Effectiveness of Recovered Phosphates As Fertilizer in Slightly Acidic and Alkaline Soil ConditionsRecovered magnesium phosphates such as struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) may be useful as a method of improving phosphorus (P) cycling in municipal wastewater treatment and livestock agriculture. However, little work has been done on the re-use of recovered products, and what work has been conducted has focused on low pH soils. This study was conducted to determine if recovered struvite and recovered dittmarite (MgNH4PO4·H2O) are effective fertilizers in alkaline so... M. Massey, J. Davis, R. Sheffield |
135. The Effects of Compost, Manure, and Urea on Yield and Forage Quality when Topdressed on a Perennial Forage Mix of Irrigated, Cool Season GrassesSignificant quantities of animal manures are generated by livestock and equine facilities along the Front Range in Colorado. Topdressing raw manure on perennial forage is not recommended due to high potential losses of N into the atmosphere and surface water. Composted manure contains significantly less ammonium-N than raw manure. In a 2 year study conducted to determine the effects of topdressing composted manure, raw manure and urea on the yield and forage q... K. Doesken, J. Davis, J. Brummer, T. Engle |
136. The Effects of Manure Applications on Cotton Yield and Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Texas High PlainsThe cost of inorganic fertilizer is continually rising, which has caused an increased interest in alternative solutions. Along with fertilizer prices increasing, carbon emissions are following the same trend. There is an upcoming demand for organic fertilizer and carbon research. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of various manure applications on crop growth and greenhouse gas emissions in three different cropping systems in the Texas High Plains. The no-tillage cropping sys... T. Roberts, K. Lewis |
137. The Implications of Biofuel Production on Soil ProductivityProduction of biomass from agricultural crops as a source of energy generated either as a primary or secondary source from agricultural systems has the potential to provide a portion of the nation’s energy needs. Removal of crop residue after harvest is viewed as a major source of cellulosic material; there are challenges that arise with biomass removal in cropping systems in which the crop residue has remained on the soil surface after harvest. The potential impacts of bioma... J. Hatfield |
138. The Interaction of Seed Placed and Side Banded Phosphorous with Nitrogen and Potassium Chloride Fertilizer on the Agronomic Performance of Durum WheatDeveloping knowledge on the effects of nitrogen, phosphorous, and fertilizer placement on durum yield and quality will permit durum producers to implement crop and soil fertility management strategies geared to, improving grain quality, grain protein, yield and achieving a higher grade for the grain they produce. A study was conducted examining the effect of nitrogen and phosphorous, in a two way factorial on durum yield and quality. Several extra treatments w... W. May, G. Lafond |
139. The Paradoxical Pursuit of Sustainable Nitrogen Management in Irrigated High-Elevation Hay MeadowsIrrigated hay meadows are an integral, but often under-performing component of livestock operations in the Mountain West. Saturating irrigation and cool temperatures result in buildup of organic matter in form of an O-horizon, hindering forage production and nitrogen (N) cycling. For these reasons, many ranchers choose to fertilize with N regardless of large stores of N already in the soil. To improve long-term forage production in meadow systems, it is therefore critical to understand t... D. Adamson, J. Norton, U. Norton, L.T. Van diepen, M. Singh |
140. The Use of Active Optical Sensors to Manage N Fertilization of Sorghum in KansasResearch in the Central Plains region has shown grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to be more tolerant of water-stress than corn (Zea mays L.). As a consequence sorghum is commonly grown in the region in rotation with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybeans (Glycine max) in areas and soils where corn does not perform well due to regular drought stress. Sorghum yields vary widely from year to year, making traditional pre-plant, yield goal based, N reco... D. Tucker, D. Mengel |
141. Tifton 85 Bermudagrass Response to Potassium, Chloride and Sulfur at Two Nitrogen Rates‘Tifton 85’ is a relatively new bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers.) hybrid with improved nutritive value and yield potential. Limited plant nutrient response data are available for this grass. We designed field research to evaluate the response of Tifton 85 to K, Cl, and S at two N rates. Tifton 85 was sprigged in spring 2001 on limed Darco loamy fine sand (Loamy siliceous semiactive thermic Grossarenic Paleudult) fertilized with 68 lb o... V. Haby, W. Stewart, A. Leonard |
142. Tillage, Cropping Sequence, and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Dryland Soil Nitrogen and Malt Barley YieldInformation on management practices is needed to reduce N fertilization rate and soil erosion and sustain dryland malt barley yield and quality in the northern Great Plains. The effects of combinations of tillage and cropping sequences [continuous no-tilled malt barley (Hordeum vulgaris L.)(CNTB), no-tilled malt barley-pea (Pisum sativum L.) (NTB-P), no-tilled malt barley-fallow (NTB-F), and conventional-tilled malt barley-fallow (CTB-F)] and N fertilization rates (0, 40, 80, and 12... U. Sainju |
143. Update on Using Active Sensors to Manage N Application on CornWe are testing a prototype high-clearance N applicator configured with active crop canopy sensors, electronic valves, and a variable rate controller to deliver in-season variable rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer based on crop needs in lieu of uniform at-planting N applications. The active sensor used is the Crop Circle model ACS-210 manufactured by Holland Scientific (Lincoln, NE), and it measures canopy reflectance in the visible (cente... J. Shanahan, J. Schepers, R. Ferguson, D. Roberts |
144. Validation of the Pre-sidedress Nitrate Test for Poultry Manured Corn FieldsPrevious research in northeastern Colorado has shown that the critical Pre-sidedress Nitrate Test (PSNT) level to obtain optimum corn (Zea mays L.) grain yields without applying additional sidedress N on non-manured fields is 15 mg kg-1 nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N). This study was conducted to determine if the critical PSNT level of NO3-N identified for non-manured corn fields would also apply to those fields receiving an organic N source before planting. The effect of PSNT levels... T. Bauder, D. Quarles, R. Pearson, S. Van wychen |
145. Water Use Efficiency and Soil Changes After Long-term Crop Rotation Under Limited IrrigationLong-term crop rotation intensity and diversity can affect key soil properties. In semi-arid regions, the combined factors of rotation and soil properties may also affect the overall water use efficiency from either limited irrigation or rainfall. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in soil properties, and water use efficiency of corn grown under different rotation intensity and diversity and limited/supplemental irrigation. A field experiment was conducted over seven years in... D. Ruiz diaz, P. Garcia helguera, A. Rosa, O. Brian, K. Roozeboom |
146. Wheat Roots and Residue Effects on Soil Aggregation and CarbonCrop residues have been identified for a number of off-field uses. Poor understanding of the role of crop residues in key soil processes limits our ability to predict sustainable crop residue removal rates. A study was conducted to compare aggregate size distribution, aggregate stability, and soil organic carbon fractions in the 0 to 3 inch depth of soils receiving surface residue and roots, surface residue only, roots only, or no residue for five years. Aggregate size distribution was simila... B. Wienhold, W. Wilhelm |
147. Winter Canola Fertility for the East Central Great PlainsThe objective of this research is to develop Nitrogen recommendations for winter canola (Brassica napus L.) grown in the southern Great Plains. This work focuses on timing: fall, spring, or split; the possible benefits of sulfur application, and the effect of fall fertilizer N on winter survival. Studies were conducted at three sites in Kansas (one experiment field and two cooperator sites) and one research farm in Oklahoma. Applied N (urea and/or ammoniu... V. Martin, W. Heer, D. Mengel, C. Godsey |