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1. Assessment of Long-term Effects of Tillage and Nitrogen Management Practices on Irrigated Corn Yields and Nitrogen Use EfficienciesCorn grain yields and crop nitrogen uptake are affected by management factors such as tillage intensity and nitrogen rates. Additional data about the long-term effects of tillage and nitrogen rates on yields and nitrogen use efficiencies of irrigated corn are needed. We are presenting preliminary results from a 17-year study about the effects of these management practices on irrigated corn yields and nitrogen uptake in a Fort Collins clay loam soil at Colorado State University’s Ag... J.A. Delgado, A. Halvorson, A. Villacis-aveiga, S. Del Grosso, C. Stewart, D. Manter, J. Alwang, B. Floyd, R. D'adamo, G. Miner |
2. Observational and Modeling Methods to Inform Ecosystem Service MarketsInterest in quantifying the impacts of land management on ecosystem services has grown as governments, environmental organizations, and corporations have pledged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient leaching, and other environmental impacts of human activities. Ecosystem service markets were formalized in the 1990s and originally deployed to mitigate point sources of air and water pollution. Associated protocols were fairly simple and easy to implement because quantification of point ... S.J. Del Grosso, J. Delgado, D. Manter, C. Stewart, M. Vigil |
3. Nitrogen Fertilization and Long-term No-tillage Impacts on Soil Properties and Deep Soil C Storage Under IrrigationThe net soil greenhouse gas mitigation potential of conservation agricultural management practices is strongly influenced by the direction and magnitude of soil organic C (SOC) change in deep soil layers (>6”). Deep SOC is typically old, highly processed, and consists of microbial products and root exudates associated with clay and other minerals. However, it can be susceptible to decomposition and priming from the addition of new, labile organic C. We examined long-term soil C dynam... C. Stewart, D. Manter, J. Delgado, S. Del Grosso, F. Calderon, K. Heckman, K. Snell |
4. Long-term Crop Rotation Diversity Effects on Soil C and NThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer level and crop rotation diversity on soil organic carbon (SOC) and N stocks from a 34-yr study located in eastern Nebraska. Seven crop rotations (three continuous cropping systems; two 2-yr crop rotations, and two 4-yr crop rotations) and three N levels were compared. Soil samples were taken to a depth of 60-inches. Differences in SOC stocks were largely confined to the 0 to 3-inch depth with greater SOC (P... M. Schmer, V. Jin, B. Wienhold, G. Varvel |
5. Effects of Residue Placement on Co2 Loss in an Irrigated, No-till Corn SystemIt is well known that residue management practices that leave crop residue on the surface, such as no-till agriculture, promote soil fertility. However, the effects of such practices on carbon sequestration can be highly variable. To better understand how residue management impacts the loss of carbon through mineralization, we investigated the effects of residue location and addition on CO2 produced from residue decomposition under no-till irrigated continuous corn in Northern Colorado. ... H. Oleszak, F. Cotrufo, S. Leichty, C. Stewart |
6. Tillage and Nitrogen Rates Influenced Wheat and Sorghum ProductivityReduced tillage (RT) or no-tillage (NT) practices and reducing fallow frequency can both decrease soil losses from wind erosion and conserve soil water in the semiarid regions of the US Great Plains. This study evaluated sorghum grain yield in 2013 and wheat grain yield in 2014 and 2015 as influenced by long-term nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rates (0, 20, 40, and 60 lb N ac- 1) and tillage intensity [clean tillage (CT), RT, and NT] in dryland winter wheat–sorghum-fallow (W-S-F) c... M. Mikha |
7. Do Legume Cover Crops Help Mineralize Soil Nitrogen?Nitrogen (N) dynamic is dependent on multiple factor all of which influence in-season plant N availability. Inclusion of a cover crop can have additional impacts on N dynamic by utilizing fall residue soil N, reducing the potential of N leaching. Legume cover crops also have the potential to add additional N to the soil through N fixation. The objective of this study was to evaluate N dynamic of different cover crops (legume and nonlegume) compared to no cover... B. Chim, S. Osborne, R. Lehman |
8. Long-term Crop Rotation Impact on Soil Properties and Crop ResponseCrop rotations can be part of sustainable agriculture production by their effectiveness depends on understanding how crop rotations affect above- and below-ground crop characteristics. Objectives were to investigate crop rotation effects on shoot dry weight and root characteristics of cereal and grain legume crops at anthesis as well as on grain yield. Rotations were corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], (CS); corn-soybean-spring wheat (Triticum ... S. Osborne, R. Lehman, W. Riedell, B. Chim |
9. Inter-seeding Cover Crops Influence on Optimal Corn Nitrogen Rate in No-tillMoving from conventional to no-till with the inclusion of cover crops may change the amount and timing of nitrogen (N) provided to corn (Zea mays L.) from mineralization, which may increase or decrease needed N fertilizer to optimize corn grain yield. This study evaluated the effect of cover crop composition on corn N fertilizer requirement and corn grain yield. The effect of three cover crop treatments (no cover crop, single grass species, and grass/broadleaf mixture) on c... J. Clark, S. Osborne, P. Kovacs, R. Slaght |
10. Soil Acidification of Cultivated Fields in Semiarid Montana: Adaptation and Challenges to RemediationHistorically, soil acidification was not a problem in Montana because the parent material of most cultivated soils exhibited a neutral to an alkaline reaction. However, fertilizer ammonium‐N use (including urea) by farmers has grown tremendously in recent decades contributing to leading to a downward trend in soil pH and with incidences of soil acidity/Al toxicity now beginning to appear. Here we summarize the results from on-farm sugar beet lime trials to remediate soil acidity; seed-... R. Engel, C. Jones |
11. Tillage and Nitrogen Management for Irrigated Sugarbeet Production in Eastern MontanaSugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important cash crop in the Lower Yellowstone River region. Nitrogen management is very critical while farmers are transitioning sugar beet production from conventional tillage to no-till system. The objectives of this study were to: (i) evaluate the effects of fertilizer-N rate and application timing on sugar beet root yield, sugar content, and quality under conventional and no-till managements, (ii) determine N uptake and N use efficiency (NU... A. Sutradhar, W. Franck, R. Garza, C. Chen |
12. Effect of Foliar Zinc Application on Durum and Spring Wheat Grain Yield and QualityZinc (Zn) deficiency represents a common micronutrient deficiency in human populations, especially in regions of the world where staple food crops are the main source of daily calorie intake. Micronutrients like Zn also plays an important role in growth and development of plant thereby affecting crop yield and quality. A two-year field trial was conducted at Sidney, Montana, to investigate the effect of foliar application of Zn on yield and grain quality of spring wheat. Zinc treatment i... F. Etemadi, R. Keshavarz Afshar, H. He, S. Zhou, Z. Li, C. Chen |
13. Soil Quality and Nitrogen Availability After Eight Years of a Mixed Cover Crop - Wheat RotationDespite a large interest in cover crops in the northern Great Plains, little is known about their effect on both the following wheat crop and soil quality. In 2012, a cover crop study was started in Montana to compare wheat production and soil quality after growing cover crop mixes containing 2-, 6-, or 8-species, with both summer fallow and a sole pea cover crop control, in a 2-yr rotation with wheat. The 2-species mixes represented functional groups (legumes, brassicas, tap rooted, or fibro... C. Jones, P. Miller, C. Zabinski, K. D'agati |
14. Strategic Tillage Effects on Crop Yield and Soil Properties and Dryland Crop RotationsThis study evaluated strategic tillage (ST) to control HR weeds and improve crop yields in an otherwise long-term no-till (NT) soil. Treatments were five crop rotations: 1) continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (WW); 2) wheat-fallow (WF); 3) wheat-sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)-fallow (WSF); 4) continuous sorghum (SS); and 5) sorghum-fallow (SF) as main plots. The sub-plot were reduced tillage (RT), continuous NT, and ST of NT. Results showed tillage (ST or ... A. Obour, J. Holman, L. Simon, A. Schlegel |
15. Phosphorus Fertilizer Management and Cover Crop Effects on Phosphorus Loss from No-till Corn and Soybean.Loss of phosphorus from non-point source agricultural sources is a known contributor to the degradation and contamination of surface waters. Therefore, it is imperative to adapt agricultural best management practices which promote and preserve surface water quality. The goal of this study was to quantify the impacts of phosphorus fertilizer management practice (placement and timing) and winter cover crop on concentrations of total suspended solids, total phosphorus, and dissolved reactive pho... E. Carver, N. Nelson, K. Roozeboom, G. Kluitenberg, P. Tomlinson, J. Williams |
16. In-furrow Placement of Dry Urea Prodcuts with Winter WheatPrevious research has shown that the application of some nitrogen fertilizer prior to or at the time of wheat seeding can positively affect the initiation of fall tillers and thus yield potential. However, there are logistical challenges in placing that nitrogen in no-till production systems. Traditionally, the placement of urea-based fertilizers in-furrow with wheat seed has not been recommended. The objectives of this project were to evaluate stand reduction and associ... L. Haag, A. Schlegel, D. Ruiz Diaz |
17. Mixing Wheat Seed with Fertilizer in the Drill: Seedling Injury and Wheat ResponseMixing dry phosphorus fertilizer with winter wheat seed is common in Kansas to provide a starter fertilizer benefit to the crop. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dry phosphorus (P) sources, rates and times fertilizer mixed with wheat seed, effects on early growth and overall productivity and yield of the crop. Two winter wheat studies were conducted in the 2018-2019 wheat growing season at Manhattan (Site 1) and Topeka (site 2) in Northeast Kansas. The previous crop for site... C. Weber, D. Ruiz Diaz |
18. Soil Phosphorus Fractions After Long-term Fertilizer Placement in Different Kansas SoilsPhosphorus fertilizer placement can affect the long-term dynamics and forms of P, and the overall soil P pools. These changes can vary by soil type, and affect P uptake and use efficiency by crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the labile P fractions in three Kansas soil under P fertilizer placements (broadcast versus deep band) after 10 years of crop rotation. Three field studies were conducted for 10 years from 2006 to 2015 in three different soil... M. Arruda, D. Ruiz Diaz |
19. Evaluation of Cation Exchange Resin As Indicator of In-season Potassium Supply to SoybeanThe use of ion-exchange resins to measure soil nutrient availability has potential applications for fertilizer recommendations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between potassium (K) adsorption by cation exchange resins (CER) and K uptake by soybean (Glycine max) in field conditions. The study was conducted at two locations in Kansas during 2019. Two treatments were selected to evaluate the CER. Treatments included a check (0 lbs K2O acre-1) and a high K r... D. Charbonnier, D. Ruiz Diaz |
20. Investigating Relationships Between Haney H3a-4 and Conventional Soil Tests for Plant Nutrients in Kansas SoilsUse of a soil test to determine fertilizer application rates requires correlation and calibration to crop yield response and/or total nutrient uptake. The Haney H3A soil test procedure has gained popularity in recent years for soil health evaluation and has been used in some circles to adjust fertilizer management practices. However, data relating this test to current soil fertility tests, relative crop yield, or total nutrient uptake are nonexistent in Kansas soils. The objective of this stu... B. Rutter, D. Ruiz Diaz |
21. Long-term Forage Rotation Yields, Soil Water Use, and ProfitabilityForages are important for the region’s livestock industry and are becoming increasingly important as irrigation capacity and grain prices decrease. Forages require less water than grain crops and may allow for increasing cropping system intensification and opportunistic cropping. A study was initiated in 2012 at the Southwest Research-Extension Center near Garden City, KS, comparing several 1-, 3-, and 4-year forage rotations with no-tillage and minimum-tillage. Data presented are from ... J. Holman, A. Obour, A. Schlegel, L. Simon |
22. Long-term Cover Crop Effects on Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen Stocks, and Water Stable Aggregates in the Semiarid Central Great PlainsGrowing cover crops (CC) in semiarid dryland cropping systems in the central Great Plains (CGP) may provide several benefits to soil health. This study examined long-term CC management effects on soil health in a no-till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)–fallow (WSF) cropping system in southwestern Kansas. The experimental design was a split-split-plot randomized complete block with four replications. Main plots were... L. Simon, A. Obour, J. Holman, K. Roozeboom |
23. Sulfur Uptake and Yield Response in Corn As Affected by Fertilizer Source and RateWith sulfur deficiencies being found throughout Kansas, the evaluation of sulfur fertilization and plant uptake are vital to optimize corn production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of application rates of sulfur on yield and uptake in corn. Nutrient concentrations in corn, biomass, and grain were evaluated at the Kansas River Valley Experiment Field at Rossville, Kansas in 2019. Five treatments were evaluated, including a con... T. Husa, D. Ruiz Diaz |
24. Fall and Spring Soil Residual Nitrate-n As Affected by Irrigation and Nitrogen ManagementNitrogen credit from residual nitrate-N from soil samples collected in spring is widely considered and accounted for in managing N in crop production. That is important from both economic and environmental perspectives. However, there is no incentives for farmers to determine post-harvest soil residual nitrate-N in fall. It is important to note that any difference in fall and spring soil residual nitrate-N would suggest environmental N losses via denitrification or leaching in that fallow per... B. Maharjan, X. Qiao |
25. Nitrogen Managememt in Dryland Winter Wheat to Improve Grain Yield and ProteinMaximizing the yield along with adequate protein content in winter wheat is an emerging challenge for dryland wheat producers. Proper nitrogen (N) management with optimization of fertilizer application rate and timing might be a potential strategy to improve grain yield and protein. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of different N rates and application timing on grain yield and protein content of hard red winter wheat in Nebraska. Field study was carried out at four locat... D. Ghimire, B. Maharjan |
26. Does Coal Char Reduce Ammonia Volatilization by Slowing Urea Hydrolysis in Soil?Ammonia volatilization due to urea hydrolysis begins immediately after N fertilizer applied in soil and continues up to two weeks. This process might adversely affect N availability in soil/ plant systems and reduce soil fertility and crop yields, as well as bring the negative impact in environment. Char, incomplete burning of coal combustion residue which contains up to 30% total C by weight, is hypothesized to reduce N losses from ammonia volatilization. A 21-day laboratory study was c... D. Panday, B. Maharjan |
27. Predicting Crop Yield Losses Due to Soil-water Salinity: Comparison of Traditional and Alternative ApproachesIt is estimated that 2,000 ha of cropland are taken out of production daily worldwide due to salinization and sodification. Salinity is estimated to result in economic losses of $27.3 billion U.S. dollars annually. Our project aims to jointly develop techniques for quantifying the severity of soil-water salinity and impacts on crop production on surface-irrigated fields in Pakistan’s Indus River Valley and the Lower Arkansas River Valley (LARV) in Colorado. The Fairmont Drainage Distric... A. Brown, A. Andales, T. Gates |
28. Changes in Soil Quality During the Transition from Irrigated to Dryland Cropping SystemsThe availability of irrigation water enhances crop productivity and, in turn, increases crop residue inputs and soil quality. With increased pressure on declining groundwater resources, some formerly irrigated lands are being transitioned to dryland management. However, little is known about the shifts in soil quality after conversion from irrigated to dryland cropping systems. The objective of this work was to quantify the effect of irrigation retirement on the early changes in soil quality.... A. Nunez, R. Ball, M. Schipanski |
29. Evaluating the Trade-offs of Cover Crops in Dryland Wheat Systems of the Colorado PlateauOn the semi-arid Colorado Plateau, dryland farmers are challenged by severely degraded soils and low and increasingly unreliable precipitation. Cover crops have been shown to improve soil fertility and mitigate soil erosion in many regions, but are also associated with use of limited soil moisture, a cost that could mean decreased cash crop productivity for farmers. Most literature on cover crops comes from relatively humid climates, where crop yield penalties due to cover crops may be less p... L. Eash, A. Berrada, K. Russell, S. Fonte |
30. Utilizing Long-term Organic Amendments to Improve Soil Health in Semi-arid, Grazed GrasslandsDetermining soil health changes associated with long-term land application of organic amendments, such as biosolids, is important for understanding and improving overall environmental health. In 1991, a single application of biosolids were surface applied (treatment rate: 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 21, or 30 Mg ha−1) to a semi-arid grazed grassland. In 2002, a repeated application of biosolids were surface applied at the same rate to ½ of all plots. In 2018, soil samples were obtained from 0... C. Buchanan, J. Ippolito |
31. Assessment of Soil Testing As It Relates to Corn Ear Leaf Nutrition in the MidwestSoil testing for P, K and Zn for corn production the Midwest is based on the probability of crop yield response to an applied fertilizer and not on crop nutritional status. Results of three years of observational data from 98 field sites show soil test M3-K only predicted 26% of the variability in ear leaf K at growth stage R1-R2, whereas K base fraction (KBF) predicted 44% of the ear leaf variability and 56% of the variability in the ear leaf K:Mg ratio. Soil M3-P was inconsistent in predict... R. Miller |
32. N Mineralization Dynamics in No-till Crop Residues in the Northern PlainsAlthough many studies have been conducted on no-till cropping systems, little is yet known about the dynamics of N mineralization from accumulated crop residues as it relates to providing N to subsequent crops. We conducted incubation studies using individual crop residues placed on the surface of soil columns in leaching tubes and incubating the tubes for approximately 12 weeks (simulated growing season) with periodic leaching. This was repeated 5 times with a freezing period (win... L. Cihacek, R. Alghamdi |
33. Forgiven Not Forgotten: a Short History of Wind Erosion on the Canadian PrairiesSince agriculture arrived on the Canadian prairies in the late 1800s, wind erosion has always been a constant threat. The 1930s saw some of the worst wind erosion but spurred the invention and adoption of soil management techniques to provide better crop residue management, the number one line of defense against wind erosion. The conservation tillage movement of the 1990s saw increased no-till and summer-fallow almost disappeared. However, recent trends of more intensive tillage on the Canadi... F. Larney |
34. Managing Nutrients in Beef Feedlot Manure - Lessons from a 45-year Field StudyThe original objective of a long-term field experiment established in 1973 was to determine the safe loading capacity of soil with beef cattle feedlot manure. Manure was applied annually at 0, 30, 60, and 90 Mg ha-1 (wet weight) under rainfed and 0, 60, 120, and 180 Mg ha-1 under irrigated conditions. The long-term manure applications increased organic matter, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content and salinity in the soil, and barley forage yie... X. Hao |
35. Experiences in the Canadian Prairies with Enhanced Efficiency N Fertilizers for Winter and Spring Wheat Production SystemsThis presentation summarizes several studies all designed to address knowledge gaps around enhanced efficiency urea fertilizer (EEF) efficacy for nitrogen (N) management in western Canadian winter and spring wheat production systems. Polymer-coated urea was first studied to determine how handling effects can alter the coating integrity of environmentally smart nitrogen (ESN®). While N release rates increased from retail or farm-handling such as trans... B. Beres |
36. Rate and Depth of Liquid P Fertilizer Placement Affects Root Architecture and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Associations in Grain CornA two-site, two-year study was conducted on corn root response to liquid phosphorus (P) fertilizer applications as a function of rate and depth of placement. Corn planted into no-till at two locations (Thrall & Snook, TX) was fertilized with banded liquid P applied 15 cm off seed row at different rates and depths. The upper portion of the root systems were excavated along with all top plant matter at the V10 - V12 growth stage. Digital images of washed roots were analyzed for spatial dens... J. Mowrer |
37. Nitrogen Availability Following Cover Crops in TX Cropping SystemsCover crops have been heavily promoted to improve soil health and function in US agricultural productions systems. Within semi-arid environments, interest in cover crops continues to grow although several concerns hinder adoption. As soil water use by cover crops is often a chief concern, nutrient availability to subsequent crops is also a concern. The objective of this study was to measure soil chemical and biological properties following various cover crops in a continuous cotton system und... P. Delaune, K. Lewis, P. Mubvumba |
38. Nutrient Partitioning Changes in the Past 30 Years of Cotton ProductionModern cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars are more compact and efficient due to optimization of genetics and changed management practices in the past 30 years. The most recent work evaluating nutrient uptake by cotton was done in early 1990s, hence a need to re-evaluate the nutrient accumulation and requirements in modern high productivity cultivars. The objective of this study was to compare the resource allocation of modern cotton cultivars (PM HS26, FM 958, and DP 1646)... I.B. Pabuayon, G. Ritchie, K. Lewis |
39. Optimizing Irrigation and Fertilizer Management in Cotton to Increase Nitrogen Use EfficiencyNitrogen (N) fertilizer is an important nutrient in cotton production, and if the optimal amount is not applied yield penalty may occur (Hutmacher et al. 2004). A more efficient application of N fertilizer based on plant N requirements, soil texture, and N availability can increase cotton yield and N-use efficiency (NUE). The main objective of this research was to determine the relationship between cotton lint yield and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) across multiple irrigation ... A. Bumguardner, T. Wheeler, K. Lewis |
40. Nitrogen Management in Conservation Systems to Increase Use Efficiency and Cotton ProductionConservation management practices like no-tillage and cover crops have the potential to reduce wind erosion and stimulate ecosystem service, but lingering doubts regarding nutrient immobilization and water usage may limit their adoption on the Texas High Plains. A study was initiated at the Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and Extension Systems (AG-CARES) in Lamesa, TX to examine the impact of supplemental nitrogen (N) fertilization on cotton yields and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)... J. Burke, D. Kelley, K. Lewis |
41. Conservation Management and Nitrogen Fertilization to Enhance Soil Chemical and Biological PropertiesCover crops and no-tillage are increasing in use across Texas. On the Southern High Plains (SHP) these practices are important mitigators of wind erosion and are suggested to increase soil health and other positive soil attributes. This study aimed to monitor and evaluate the soil chemical and biological changes that occur shortly after implementing conservation practices and nitrogen management strategies on the SHP. It was determined that in the short term some soil chemical and ... M. Mcdonald, P. Delaune, T. Gentry, K. Lewis |
42. Enhanced Efficiency Nitrogen Fertilizer: Coated UreaNitrogen (N) is the most common fertilizer. However, a large percentage is lost to the environment—resulting in pollution and depletion of natural resources—representing economic losses. Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers (EEF) help mitigate these problems by reducing the time N is in forms most susceptible to loss, increasing uptake efficiency and, often, yield and/or crop quality. One example of N EEF are coated urea fertilizers, such as polymer coated urea (PCU). Research studies ... S. Fahning, B.G. Hopkins |
43. Enhanced Efficiency Phosphorus FertilizersPhosphorus (P) is essential for plants. However, first-year phosphorus fertilizer uptake by plants is low, resulting in economic and environmental impacts. Developments with P Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizer (EEF) sources show improved uptake efficiency and increased yield and/or crop quality, while reducing environmental risk. Research with EEFs (including organic acids, maleic itaconic copolymer, and struvite) all show these improvements, especially when: 1) soil test P concentrations are lo... S. Kobza, B.G. Hopkins |
44. Results from the First Year of On-farm N Rate and Timing StudiesStudies have shown over the past couple of years that utilizing sensor based nitrogen rate calculator (SBNRC) for in-season fertilizer has proven beneficial to yields and protein in the southern Great Plains. However, current SBNRC recommendations and algorithm are based upon trials conducted in central Oklahoma, rather than regionally based. The objective of the larger study is to determine if it is possible to develop a regional dependency component of SBNRC in Oklahoma. ... V. Reed, J. Bigatao Souza, B. Finch, B. Arnall |
45. Impact of Fertilizer Management on the Stratification of Soil Characteristics in No-tillThe increasing cost of fuel and machinery makes no-till management (NT) a good alternative for producers. With the demanding increase of production, fertilizer utilization efficiency and cycling must be evaluated to address such demand. However, the superficial input of soil amendments under NT may lead to the soil stratification of pH and nutrients and in the first six inches. Three dry-land NT long-term trials located in Perkins, OK (NT since 2005), Stillwater, OK (NT since 2010) and Lahoma... J. Bigatao Souza, V. Reed, B. Finch, B. Arnall |
46. Impact of Post-feekes 6 Nitrogen Application in Winter Wheat Forage ProductionProducers have options when choosing how to utilize their wheat acreage in Oklahoma. These include, grain harvest only, dual-purpose grazing and grain, and graze-out where the wheat crop is used solely for grazing cattle. Many producers take advantage of graze out wheat as a forage for cattle during the winter season. With acreages of approximately 400,000 acres of winter wheat grown for graze out production in the state of Oklahoma in 2018, many questions regarding management of wheat for gr... B. Finch, V. Reed, J. Rogers, J. Bigatao Souza, B. Arnall |
47. Nitrogen Fertilizer Source and Tillage Impacts on Surface and Subsoil C Under Rainfed CornSoil organic carbon (SOC) increases with organic fertilizer and the adoption of no-till. Soil organic C improves the ability of agricultural systems to mitigate and adapt to climate change. This study was conducted to determine the long-term effects of fertilizer type and tillage on profile SOC. The experimental site was a rainfed continuous corn (Zea mays L.) system with fertilizer treatments (150 lbs N a-1) of composted organic waste (OrgF), urea (MinF) and no ferti... S. Watts |
48. A Brief History of the Great Plains Soil Fertility ConferenceThe Great Plains Soil Fertility Conference began in 1980 as the Great Plains Soil Fertility Workshop at the Denver Sheraton Hotel on Quebec in Denver, CO. This Workshop was patterned off the successful North Central Extension Industry Soil Fertility Workshop which had been in existence since 1971. Several companies provided some initial funding to get the project off and running. The objectives of the Workshop/Conference were to bring together researchers and i... L. Murphy |
49. The Future Role of USDA NRCS in Nutrient ManagementSince 1999 USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service has integrated nutrient management planning into the producer’s over-all conservation plan. A nutrient management plan contains the guidance for nutrient rate, form, timing, and method of application. Each action is based on specific local climate, soil, crop, and management conditions. The intent is to improve water quality, as well as soil, plant, air, and animal quality conditions, both on and off... J. Lemunyon |
50. Comparison of Annual and Multi-year N-based and P-based Manure ApplicationsThis 4-yr study (2000-2003) compares beef manure application strategies in their impact on soil and plant nutrient concentrations and nutrient runoff and leaching. The treatments were a fertilizer control, annual N-based manure application, N-based applied every other year, annual P-based, P-based applied every other year, and P-based applied once every four years. By the third year of the study, soil test P levels in the soil surface reflected the amount of P2O5applied ... J. Davis, C. Truman, K. Iversen, K. Doesken |
51. Strategies for Maximizing Crop Recovery of Nutrients Applied As Liquid Swine ManureSince the demise in 1996 of the freight rate subsidy for transport of grains by rail from Western Canada to port, there have been increased efforts to develop a local livestock industry to utilize feed grains produced in Saskatchewan and other prairie provinces. This has led to an expansion in the number of intensive livestock operations, particularly swine production systems, on the Canadian prairies. The desire to develop responsible manure management strategies in con... J. Schoenau, S. Mooleki, S. Malhi, G. Hultgreen |
52. Quantifying Nitrate Leaching in Sandy Soils As Affected by N and Water ManagementEfficient use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer for corn production is important for maximizing economic return and minimizing NO3 leaching to groundwater, especially on irrigated, sandy soils. The objectives of this study were to quantify the NO3leaching for a sandy soil typical of Kansas’ tributaries, under current and alternative N and water management strategies for irrigated corn. Six fields were selected in 2001 and 2002 along the Republican (1), Kansas (2), and... R. Gehl, J. Schmidt, L. Stone, L. Maddux |
53. Nitrogen and Crop Management Influence Irrigated Corn Yields and Greenhouse Gas EmissionsThe influence of tillage system and N fertility on corn grain yields, residue C inputs to the soil, soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, NO3-N leaching potential, and greenhouse gas emissions under irrigated continuous corn production was evaluated. Corn was produced on a Fort Collins clay loam using no-till (NT) and conventional-till (CT) systems at several N fertility levels. Soil and plant data have been collected since the spring of 1999. Corn grain yi... A. Halvorson, A. Mosier, C. Reule |
54. Plant Availability of Phosphorus in Swine Slurry and Cattle Feedlot ManureTo utilize manure phosphorus (P) for crop production, the amount of P that is mineralized and subsequently becomes plant available needs to be determined. A laboratory incubation study was conducted to determine P release and availability from applied swine and cattle feedlot manure in three soils. Treatments included incubation temperature (11, 18, 25, and 32 oC), P source (swine and beef cattle feedlot manure, synthetic fertilizer, and no manure or fertilizer), wa... B. Eghball, B. Wienhold, B. Woodbury, R. Eigenberg |
55. Soil Test P and P Source Impacts on P Runoff from Calcareous SoilsLong-term application of phosphorus (P) to soils at rates in excess of crop uptake can result in elevated soil P levels (Snyder et al., 1993), which previous research has shown directly influences the amount of P in runoff (Sharpley et al., 1977, 1978, 1995; Daniel et al., 1994; Pote et al., 1996). Because soil test and runoff P concentrations are related, excessive soil P levels may result in significantly high runoff P levels, which accelerate surface-water eutrophication. ... A. Elliott, R. Schierer, J. Davis, R. Waskom, A. Schlegel |
56. Rapid Removal of Subsoil N by Conventional and Non-N-fixing AlfalfaNitrate contamination of groundwater is an increasingly serious health issue in the Central High Plains. Although better water and fertilizer management techniques have reduced the rate of leaching from many irrigated fields, high concentrations of residual nitrate accumulating are still observed just below the root zone of irrigated row crops, particularly in fields with a history of animal waste application. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) may be the ideal crop for r... T. Willson |
57. Development and Use of the Soil Management Assessment FrameworkSoils perform a number of critical functions essential to productivity and environmental quality. Management practices affect these soil functions. However, spatial and temporal variation and the slow rate of change in many soil properties make it difficult to assess the effects of management on soil functions. Tools are needed to assist managers in making assessments of the effect their management practices are having on the soil resource. The Soil... B. Wienhold, S. Andrews |
58. Developing, Delineating, and Managing Production Level Nutrient Management ZonesGrid soil sampling has been used to develop nutrient maps to guide precision fertilizer applications since the inception of precision agriculture. However, the cost and labor associated with collection and analysis of soil samples to accurately describe spatial properties of fields can be prohibitive for most agronomic crops. As a result of these limitations, much interest is now being directed to the use of production level “management zones” (MZ) to allow i... W. Gangloff, D. Westfall, R. Khosla, T. Shaver, H. Farahani |
59. Point Vs. Area Grid Soil Sampling in the Great PlainsTraditionally, soil sampling has relied on the approach of collecting multiple cores (or sub-samples) from the entire area of interest (e.g., a field), and then combining them into a single soil sample for analyses. Samples were collected from throughout the area with recognition that soil fertility varied spatially. Where greater spatial variability was anticipated, size of sampling area usually was reduced to provide a better estimate of soil fertility. Unfo... T. Kastens, K. Dhuyvetter, J. Schmidt |
60. Use of a Crop Canopy Reflectance Sensor for In-season N Management of CornOver-application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on corn has resulted in elevated levels of N in ground and surface waters. A major factor contributing to decreased N use efficiency and environmental contamination for traditional corn N management schemes is routine pre-season application of large doses of N before the crop can effectively utilize this N. Our long-term research goal is to reduce these over-applications by using remote sensing to direct fertilizer only to areas need... J. Shanahan, J. Schepers, D. Francis, R. Caldwell |
61. Real-time, In-season Nitrogen Application Using Optical SensorsVariable rate application of fertilizer materials for cereal crop production has been an intense area of research for the last several years. Non-destructive methods of plant analysis, namely crop reflectance based vegetative indices, have been evaluated and researched to determine which provides the best in-season information to make fertilizer recommendations. Because nitrogen (N) fertilizer is typically the largest seasonal crop input (with the exception of water, if ... R. Mullen, W. Raun, G. Johnson, M. Stone, J. Solie, K. Freeman |
62. Next Generation Application TechnologyNew technologies and new applications of new and existing technologies continue to be integrated into equipment for the application of crop production inputs including fertilizer, pesticides and seed. GPS assisted steering now allows “hands off” steering of self-propelled applicators and tractors. Results include better application accuracy, improved machine efficiency and less operator fatigue. Variable rate liquid systems are available to compete... N. Wollenhaupt |
63. Comparison of Multi-spectral Analog and Imaging Systems for Assessing Plant Nitrogen Status in Irrigated CornUniform applications of nitrogen (N) across a field may result in over fertilization in some areas as well as under fertilization in others. Farmers, consultants, and other end users need rapid, robust techniques to spatially and temporally assess a crop’s N status in order to apply N “as needed” and “where needed”. The objective of this research was to compare the differences in response of a radiometer system and an imaging system for asse... W. Bausch |
64. Economics of Variable-rate N Management on CornOver the past several years’ growers have begun to adopt and implement the use of precision farming technologies. Growers and practicing consultants continue to question the profitability of this technology. No data currently exists in the Western Great Plains region demonstrating the economic feasibility of precision farming technology. The objective of this study was to assess the economics of uniform versus variable-rate nitrogen (N) fertilizer applic... R. Khosla, B. Koch, D. Westfall, M. Frasier |
65. Satellite Imagery for Small Plot Research and Precision Farming - Nitrogen Relationships in Irrigated CornHigh quality satellite imagery that recently became available may be useful for predicting the N status of crops, need for additional N fertilization, and crop yield potential. Our objective was to determine if the high-resolution digital images from the QuickBird™ satellite launched in late 2001 had potential in predicting irrigated corn biomass and grain yields and available N at planting as indicated by leaf color on 27 July 2002 from conventional till and no-till research... J. Cipra, A. Halvorson |
66. Kansas State University Fertilizer Recommendation RevisionsSoil testing has long been recognized as the cornerstone for developing cost effective, efficient and environmentally sound nutrient management programs. However, there are still many acres that do not have a sound soil test history. This indicates that there is still much education needed to increase farmer acceptance of soil testing in developing agronomically sound and profitable nutrient management programs. At the same time, USDA is placing increased emph... D. Leikam, R. Lamond, D. Mengel |
67. Phosphorus Fertilizer Effects on Forage, Beef and Grain Production from Winter WheatPhosphorus fertilizer was surface applied or injected in a NPS solution and compared to a surface-applied NS solution to determine if fall forage production could be increased by P applications and to determine if the additional forage could be captured through beef production to make the P applications profitable. The experimental units were nine 25-acre pastures in which the three treatments were replicated three times and grazed with yearling stocker calves in two management sys... D. Robinson, J. Sij, W. Pinchak, R. Gill, S. Bevers, D. Mallinowski, T. Baughman |
68. Effect of Phosphorus Rates on Bermudagrass Yields in Three Southern Oklahoma Locations in 2002-2003Small plot research tests were established on cooperating farmers’ fields in three south central Oklahoma locations in 2002 and continued in 2003. These included a Weatherford soil testing low in extractable P (Mehlich 3), a Port soil testing low in P and a Lela soil testing high in P. Rates of applied P fertilizer were 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 lbs of P2O5per acre. There were 4 replications of each rate. All plots received 200 lbs N and 120 ... E. Funderburg, D. Annis |
69. Managing Drought Risk with Post-emergent N Appliactions in Spring Wheat and CanolaFertilizer nitrogen accounts for the largest portion of total fertilizer costs. Unlike other nutrients like P and K, nitrogen is more prone to losses from leaching, nitrous oxide emission and denitrification. Producers are interested in more effective ways of managing the risks associated with N management, especially in the drier areas of the Canadian Prairies. Two separate studies were conducted. The first one examined the feasibility of post-emer... G. Lafond, S. Brandt, A. Johnston, W. May |
70. Nutrient Management in Cotton-sorghum Vs. Continuous Cotton RotationsThis study seeks to provide information to High Plains producers on soil fertility requirements for cotton grown in rotation with sorghum. The benefits of rotation on yields and soil properties are also being studied. It is known that the practice of crop rotation benefits the soil and crops from the standpoint of soil fertility, pests, and diseases. In this project we tested cotton-cotton and cotton-sorghum rotations. Within these cropping systems ... K. Bronson, J. Booker, W. Keeling, C. Trostle |
71. Soil Nitrogen Dynamics from Various Legume Crops Used for Fertiliy in Organic Fruit ProductionThe increasing cost of importing animal manures for organic fruit orchard fertility has forced growers to seek alternative sources of organic nutrient inputs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen (N) dynamics of several on-farm N sources as a viable supply of organic N fertilizer. The timing of N mineralization is also critical to achieving good fruit production. Four year old organic Suncrest peach trees were used for this study. &nbs... R. Godin, S. Ela, K. Schultz |
72. Management of High Yielding Canola CultivarsYield potential of new canola varieties is much higher than older ones, raising questions about whether current management recommendations are adequate to ensure optimum yield. One question that arises is whether such varieties require greater inputs of fertilizer nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N), to realize optimum economic returns. We initiated a three level factorial experiment to investigate the impact of 3 seeding rates, 3 target fertility levels and a fungicide... S. Brandt, D. Ulrich, G. Lafond, R. Kutcher, S. Malhi, A. Johnston |
73. Banded P Placement for Sugarbeets in Calcareous SoilPhosphorus (P) is an essential element for sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) nutrition. Soils in the Western US tend to be calcareous and alkaline, resulting in low P solubility. Sugarbeets have difficulty exploiting soluble P in surface soil due to its tap root system. Research in the North- Central US supports P applied in a band in contact with the seed or below the seed for best results. However, grower concerns about germination problems and seedling vigor have prevented adaptation of these tech... B. Hopkins, J. Ellsworth |
74. Effect of Starter Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrogen Fixation of Soybeans in the Northern Great PlainsEnvironmental conditions at the time soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) are planted in the northern Great Plains are such that nitrogen (N) fixation may not occur immediately, therefore additions of N as starter fertilizer may increase initial growth of soybeans and possibly increase yield and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of soybeans to low rates of N applied at planting. A field experiment was established within a two-year corn... S. Osborne, W. Riedell |
75. Urea Application Timing Influence on No-till CornFertilizer N for no-till corn in South Dakota is often limited to surface applications of urea. Surface applied urea can volatilize. A study was conducted in 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2002 (four site years) on no-till corn comparing surface broadcast urea timing. Nitrogen rates (50 and 100 lbs N/a) were applied in the fall, winter, early spring, planting, and V-6 stage. Ear leaf samples were analyzed for N concentration in 1999 and 2000 and grain yield was measured each year. Precipitation was mea... R. Gelderman, J. Gerwing, A. Bly |
76. Irrigated Corn Response to Nitrogen Fertilization in the Colorado Arkansas ValleyHigh levels of residual NO3-N are present in the soils in the Arkansas River Valley where alfalfa, grains, and vegetable crops are produced. Nitrogen requirements to optimize yield potential of crops, such as corn, following vegetables needs to be evaluated to reduce NO3-N leaching potential in the Valley where high NO3-N levels have been reported in the ground water. The effects of N source (urea and Polyon®3) and fertilizer N rate on corn yields were evaluated for 4 years.&nb... A. Halvorson, F. Schweeissing, M. Bartolo, C. Reule |
77. Effect of Nitrogen Rate and Timing of Application on Stockpiled BermudagrassFeeding hay through the winter contributes a large portion of the costs associated with cow-calf production. Forage management strategies to lengthen the grazing season and reduce hay consumption would be beneficial in increasing profitability. Stockpiling bermudagrass for livestock consumption in late fall and winter has not been thoroughly evaluated in southern Oklahoma. This study was initiated at Burneyville, Oklahoma in 2000 to determine the effect of N rate and timing of appl... J. Ball, W. Thomason, F. Motal, S. Norton |
78. Chloride Response of Corn and Grain SorghumResearch in several states in the United States and in Canada has documented positive small grain responses to chloride (Cl) fertilization, yet little research has been done on corn or grain sorghum. Field research was conducted in Kansas evaluating Cl fertilization on corn and grain sorghum. Chloride rates and sources were evaluated at several farmer-cooperator sites. Corn and grain sorghum yields were consistently increased with Cl fertilization when soil Cl... R. Lamond, K. Rector, C. Godsey, L. Ferdinand |
79. Chloride Fertility: Small Grain Variety and Disease ResponsesFor spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), chloride fertilizer added to low chloride-testing soil results in a positive yield gain 70 % of the time. Some, but not all, of these yield responses have been attributed to chloride interaction with disease susceptibility. Because soil fertility and disease suppression are among the most important management tools used by farmers, additional research on the interaction between chloride fertility and disease suppression is ne... W. Riedell, L. Osborne, S. Osborne |
80. Potassium Fertilization of Corn in Reduced Tillage Production SystemsPotassium (K) deficiency can be a problem on soils that have been managed with reduced tillage practices. The large amount of residue left on the soil surface can depress soil temperature and interfere with plant growth, nutrient uptake, and ultimately grain yield. Soil temperature influences both K up-take by root and K diffusion through the soil. The appearance of K deficiency in fields managed with conservation tillage systems has been reported with greater frequency in resent y... B. Gordon |
81. Management Effects on Maturity, Seed Yield, and N2-fixation in Dry BeanThe association between dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) and its associated Rhizobium symbiont (R. phaseoli) has been shown to be inefficient and as such, unable to provide adequate N for maximum bean production. Fertilization with inorganic N is sometimes recommended, but disadvantages of adding fertilizer N include delayed maturity and possible inhibition of N2 fixation. It is unknown whether N fertilizer applications are most beneficial during early growth s... K. Maxwell, B. Stevens |
82. Is There a Need to Provide N and S to Canola in Any Given Ratio?The importance of N and S nutrition of canola is well recognized (Janzen and Bettany 1984; Bailey 1986; Grant and Bailey 1993; Jackson 2000; Malhi and Leach 2002). Agronomists today are recommending that a N:S ratio of between 5:1 and 7:1 is adhered to when fertilizer N and S are applied. This is also reflected in the provincial recommendations. Thus, Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development (2001) point out that optimum canola requires an N:S ratio of ... R. Karamanos, T. Boon Goh, D. Poisson |
83. Fertilizer Management for Strip-till and No-till Corn ProductionStrip-tillage for corn production can be advantageous over no-till, particularly in areas with heavy soils and high rainfall during spring months. Under these conditions in no-till systems, planting delays and/or slow, uneven emergence are common. Strip-tillage creates a narrow tilled area for the seedbed while maintaining the inter-row residue cover, allowing for erosion protection associated with no-till, yet providing an area in the row where the soil will dry out and... L. Ferdinand, R. Lamond, B. Gordon, K. Janssen, C. Godsey |
84. Fertility Management for the Pulse-based Cropping Systems in the Semiarid Northern Great PlainsAnnual crop production of the semiarid Northern Great Plains has historically been dominated by cereals, chiefly spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var durum). Low prices for cereal grains, coupled with increasing production problems in wheat- based monoculture systems, are encouraging producers to seek alternative to cereals. In the past two decades, the area devoted to production of annual pulse crops has increased significantly in the semi... Y. Gan, B. Mcconkey, G. Clayton, G. Lafond, F. Walley |
85. The Role of P Fertility and Mycorrhizae in Flax ProductionEnsuring adequate P nutrition in flax is difficult, because flax is sensitive to seed-placed P and may be less efficient than many crops at using fertilizer P. Studies conducted for three years at two locations in western Manitoba indicated that flax seed yield, mycorrhizal association and Cd concentration were primarily influenced by preceding crop. Early-season P nutrition was enhanced by residual P and by side-banded P fertilizer, but effects on final seed yield ... C. Grant, M. Monreal, B. Irvine, D. Mclaren, R. Mohr |
86. Functional Significance of Glomalin to Soil FertilityIn the U.S., soil is lost to wind and water erosion at a rate of nearly 2 billion tons yr-1. The formation of aggregates helps stabilize soil and increase soil fertility and water relationships. Organic matter concentration is correlated with the percentage of water-stable aggregates (WSA). The hypothesis of this study was that glomalin, a glycoproteinaceous substance produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, would be a major fraction of organic C in WSA. Four... K. Nichols, S. Wright, M. Liebig, J. Pikul Jr. |
87. Managing Soil Acidity in Continous No-tillRecently, management of acidic soils in no-till cropping systems has become an important issue with increasing acreages of no-till and continued surface application of nitrogen fertilizer. Our objectives were to identify vertical movement of surface applied lime, determine the most effective type of lime in changing soil pH, and determine the correct application rate of lime for no-till soils. Two sites were selected for small-plot studies in south-central Kansas in 2000... C. Godsey, R. Lamond, L. Ferdinand |
88. Carbon Budget in Dryland Agroecosystems After 12 Years in No-till As Affected by Climate Gradient, Slope Position, and Cropping IntensityBecause available soil water is the most limiting factor in dryland cropping systems in the central Great Plains, summer fallow was implemented to stabilize production by storing two years of soil water for one year’s crop. The traditional dryland cropping system consists of conventional tillage management of a crop-fallow rotation which produced one crop every two years. In order for the fallow period to successfully store soil water, weeds and volunteer plants ne... L. Sherrod, G. Peterson, D. Westfall, L. Ahuja |
89. Harvest Grain and Crop Residue Yield Differences in Crop Rotation and Residue Management Systems in Tillage Transition in Eastern South DakotaA long-term field study was established in Brookings, SD to investigate the impact of crop rotation, tillage, and residue management on grain yield and crop residue production. These results were compiled when this field was undergoing a transition in the influence of two contrasting tillage systems in the first four years of the study. Initial soil test results indicated that the organic matter levels and pH as well as extractable K and orthophosphate-P (0-6") were high. ... H. Woodard, A. Bly |
90. Nodulation and Yield Responses to “Starter” N and P in Field Pea, Lentil, and Chickpea in the Semiarid Northern Great PlainsGrain legumes require a high level of N fertility to achieve maximum yield and protein (Sosulski et al., 1974; Sosulski and Buchan, 1978). In these 1970’s and 1980’s studies, nodulation and nitrogenase activity were generally poor even when the legumes were inoculated with rhizobia (Sosulski and Buchan, 1978). Although indigenous populations of rhizobia are often present in the soils, they might be ineffective for inducing N2 fixation under semiarid environments (Kucey and Hy... Y. Gan, G. Clayton, G. Lafond, F. Walley, B. Mcconkey |
91. Impact of Diversified Rotation on Corn N Uptake, Yield, and Soil QualityIncreased length of rotation and increased crop diversity may improve efficiency of water and nitrogen (N) use by corn (Zea mays L.) and soil quality. Objectives were to determine the effect of diversified crop rotation on: 1) N-fertilizer use efficiency (NUE) of corn, 2) water use efficiency (WUE) of corn, and 3) temporal change in soil quality attributes. An experiment was started in 1997 on a Barnes clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Calcic Hapludo... J. Pikul Jr. |
92. Innovative Corn and Soybean Production Systems for the Great PlainsIn an eight-year study of twin row planting, our intentions were to see if additional spacing per plant would allow more ear flex and more cubic foot of soil mass per plant. In the first five years of study, over 5000 acres were planted, in five states. In each of those five years, we continually added new and upgraded agronomic facts that we held to be true, i.e. PPI work on deeper P placement, Dr. Barnie Gordons work on high N starters, split applications and precisional placemen... |
93. Banding 10-34-0 on Sugar BeetsField experiments were conducted over 10 site-years in the Red River Valley of Minnesota on various soil types that tested low in available P. The objectives were to evaluate sugar beet yield response to liquid 10-34-0 and dry 11-52-0 fertilizer banded in-furrow with the seed at planting and to compare those responses to that of phosphorus (P) fertilizer rates broadcast and incorporated prior to planting. Treatments had no effect on net sucrose concentration in the root ... A. Sims, L. Smith |
94. Safening Seed Placed Urea with Agrotain®The introduction of no-till and direct seeding in the western Canadian prairies has necessitated placing urea N fertilizer with the seed in the majority of cases. Plant stand reduction due to seed-placement of high rates of urea N fertilizers is attributed to the toxic effects of ammonia/ammonium. Current guidelines for seed-row placement of nitrogen in general and urea in particular to avert seedling damage are based on seedbed utilization, soil texture (Saskatchewan Ag... R. Karamanos, J. Harapiak |
95. Positional Availability of Phosphorus from Surface Fertilizer BandsOur objective in this field study was to determine the relative distribution of P applied as a liquid starter fertilizer in a surface band during the early part of the corn growing season. Research was conducted during three years (2001-2003) at three locations in central Iowa. Exchange-resin membranes were used to characterize P movement. Treatments consisted of a control and 15-30-10 or 60-30-10 starter dribbled (30 gal./A) on the soil surface two inche... J. Kovar, P. Schroeder, K. Washburn |
96. The Effect of Low Rates of Commercial Humic Acid on P Availability and Spring Wheat YieldHumic acid (HA), a soluble fraction of humus, has been found to increase crop yields under certain conditions, possibly due to increased nutrient availability. A study was conducted to determine the effects of low rates of commercial HA on P availability and spring wheat yields in both a calcareous soil and non-calcareous soil. In Phase I, soluble P concentrations were monitored at 0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 in. from a MAP band that had either been coated with 1.5 lb HA/ac or l... C. Jones, J. Jacobsen, A. Mungaas |
97. Dissolution of Granular Fertilizers and Diffusion/lability of P from Fluid and Granular Fertilizers in Alkaline and Calcareous Soils of Southern AustraliaUnlike many soils in Europe and North America, many Australian soils are still responsive to additions of P fertilizer, especially alkaline and/or calcareous soils that dominate the low rainfall zone of southern Australia. Poor responses to granular fertilizers in these areas have recently stimulated a swing by grain growers towards the use of fluid formulations, often resulting in significant yield responses. Laboratory experiments examining P diffusion were undertaken ... E. Lombi, M. Mclaughlin, C. Johnston, T. Mcbeath, S. Stacey, R. Armstrong, R. Holloway |
98. Foliar Fertilization: Improving the Human Wellness Attributes of MelonNetted muskmelon [Cucumis melo L. (Reticulatus Group)] fruit quality (ascorbic acid, beta- carotene, total free sugars, and soluble solids concentration (SSC)) is directly related to plant potassium (K) concentration during fruit growth and maturation. During fruiting, soil fertilization alone is often inadequate due to poor root uptake and competitive uptake inhibition from calcium and magnesium. Foliar applications of Potassium Metalosate during cantaloupe fruit development has been sh... G. Lester, J. Jifon |
99. Onion Response to Nitrogen Fertilization Under Drip and Furrow IrrigationOnion is a high cash value crop with a very shallow root system that is frequently fertilized with high N rates (>200 lb N/a) to maximize yield. In 2005, we applied six N rates (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 lb N/a) to existing N plots previously cropped to corn (2000-2003) and chile pepper (2004). The N source was a polycoated urea with a 90 to 120 day release period which was applied prior to planting. The N main plots were split in 2005 to allow irrigation by furrow... A. Halvorson, M. Bartolo, C. Reule, A. Berrada |
100. Diagnosing B Sufficiency for Fresh Market Tomatoes: Leaf or Flower AnalysisSoil and/or foliar B applications were applied to fresh market tomatoes grown at two Iowa and one Colorado location. Even though there were significant yield responses at all locations the B treatments did not effect leaf or flower B concentrations. Soil B application on Iowa loam soil significantly (P=0.03) increased extractable soil B, but the change was not detected in leaf or flower tissue. At the Iowa coarse sand site leaf B levels were enhanced 11.6%, fr... H. Taber, M. Bartolo, V. Lawson |
101. Acidification of Alkaline Irrigation Water: Effects on Nutrient Availability, Yield and Quality of Sweetcorn on Alkaline SoilsMore than 9,000 acres of sweet corn are grown each year in western Colorado with a farm-gate value of approximately $16 million. Over the past decade growers and extension agents have noticed a steady increase in soil pH along with an increase in micronutrient deficiencies. Preliminary soil tests on this calcareous soil showed pH ranging from 7.5 to 8.0. Irrigation water pH is high and increases through the season. In early June irrigation water pH is nea... R. Godin, J. Harold, K. Schultz, J. Rohde |
102. Acid, Chlorine, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Management for Subsurface Drip Irrigation SystemsSubsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is expanding at a rapid rate in the western U.S. The efficiency of this irrigation system is higher than with center-pivots. Chemical maintenance, i.e. continuous acidification and periodic chlorination is required to prevent clogging of emitters by precipitates of calcium carbonate, iron or manganese salts, and from bacterial wastes. Fertigation with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers is discussed, and current fertigation research in SDI i... K. Bronson, R. Yabaji, W. Multer, C. Stichler, J. Enciso, J. Bordovsky, D. Porter, C. Green |
103. Recent Advances in P Fertilizer Technologies—Polymer CoatingsPhosphorus fertilizers are an essential part of plant production and have been recognized as such for well over 100 years. Phosphorus utilization by crops is related to both soil availability as well as an individual plants metabolic process that allows P to be taken up by a plant as well as utilized for a wide variety of developmental processes. ... T. Tindall, A. Blaylock |
104. Advances in Slow-release Nitrogen FertilizersControlled- and slow-release nitrogen (N) fertilizers have been commonly used in high-value applications, such as horticultural production. Traditional controlled-release products have not been economical for use in major grain crops because of high cost and low crop prices. New economical, controlled-release fertilizers are available for use in field crops such as corn (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and oth... A. Blaylock, T. Tindall |
105. Correlation of Bray, Olsen and Mehlich 3 Soil Tests with Corn Grain YieldIn the past, the Bray P1 soil test was the most common extractant used to assess the soils relative ability to supply P to growing crops in much of the eastern Great Plains and Midwest. The Olsen P soil test is often used in much of the western Great Plains. In recent years, several states/laboratories, including Kansas State University, have adopted the Mehlich 3 extractant for routine use. The ability to extract multiple elements with a single extractant and its reported utility on bot... D. Leikam, J. Herman, J. Massey, A. Schlegel, L. Maddux, S. Harold |
106. Nitrogen Response in High-yielding Corn Systems of NebraskaIrrigated corn was grown at five different N levels in 34 environments in Nebraska to (1) evaluate the performance of the existing UNL N recommendation algorithm for corn at high yield levels and (2) add adjustments to the N recommendation to account for different application times and varying corn and nitrogen prices. At most sites, maximum corn yields were in the 210 to 275 bu/acre range. Average yield without N application was 166 bu/acre, but ranged from 90 to 247 bu/acre. Yield response ... A. Dobermann, R. Ferguson, G. Hergert, C. Shapiro, D. Tarkalson, D. Walters |
107. Predicting Phosphorus Runoff from Calcareous SoilsStudies have shown that as extractable soil P levels increase, runoff P levels also increase. This relationship has been found on many different soils, but tends to be unique for each soil series. Very little research exists evaluating this relationship in calcareous soils. The objectives of this study were to determine soil series specific relationships between soil test phosphorus (STP) and runoff P for three calcareous soils, to compare the use of different... R. Schierer, J. Davis, J. Zimbrunnen |
108. Active Remote Sensing for In-season Precision N ManagementUniform nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications across entire fields have been shown to be inefficient. Recent advances in agricultural technology have led to the development of active remote sensing equipment that can be used to detect crop biomass and potentially be used to improve N fertilizer application rates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using a hand-held active remote sensing instrument to estimate yield potential in irrigated corn. This study was condu... D. Inman, R. Khosla, R. Reich, D. Westfall |
109. Can Existing Sensor-based Technologies Predict Spring Wheat Yield and ProteinSensor-based technologies for in-season application of nitrogen (N) to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have been developed and are in use in the southern Great Plains. There is little information about the suitability of this technology for spring wheat production in the northern Great Plains. Field experiments were established in Brookings and Gettysburg, SD to evaluate the GreenSeeker Hand Held optical sensor (NTech Industries, Ukiah, CA) for measuring in-seas... S. Osborne, R. Gelderman, D. Beck |
110. Rejuvenating Old Forage Stands with Liquid FertilizerWe initiated trials on old unproductive forage stands at 2 Saskatchewan locations to determine if their productivity could be restored with fertilizers. Fertilizing with N and P in general agreement with soil test recommendations provided yield responses that more than offset fertilizer costs. Dribble banding liquid urea-ammonium nitrate and ammonium poly-phosphate was an effective way of applying N and P, as was surface broadcasting granular ammonium nitrate plus mono-ammonium phosphate. No ... S. Brandt, G. Lafond, W. May, A. Johnston |
111. Benefits of Fertilization to Beef Production from Forage WheatWheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) production in the southern Great Plains is a unique enterprise that provides both high quality forage and a grain crop within the same growing season. However, information on nitrogen and phosphorous management programs to maximize forage and beef production in a winter-active, dual-use wheat production system is lacking. Field-scale production studies were initiated on a Tillman clay loam near Vernon, TX in 1999 to determine i... J. Sij, W. Pinchak, S. Bevers, D. Malinowski, R. Gill, T. Baughman, D. Robinson |
112. Impact of P Fertility on Dryland Legume N ProductionField pea acreage in Montana has nearly quadrupled since 1997 because of its suitability to the climate and soils of the region and changes in the farm program. Usually in rotation with cereals, field pea provides a means to manufacture nitrogen from the atmosphere by nodulation with Rhizobium leguminosarum. This study attempts to determine whether P fertility has an impact on nitrogen production by the pea crop and the amount of N contributed to the following sprin... J. Waddell, A. Lenssen |
113. N Response Functions for Today’s Production CostsBuilding upon a discussion of linear and curvilinear yield response to fertilizer, this research develops a framework where response is fundamentally linear for any particular site-year, but where expected response can become curvilinear in the face of random weather across space and time. We next put forth several functional forms as potential candidates for generalizing expected yield response to N. Functional forms were evaluated using historical N trial data from wes... T. Kastens, K. Dhuyvetter, A. Schlegel, T. Dumler |
114. Maximizing Irrigated Corn and Soybean Yields in the Great PlainsThe corn experiment was conducted in 2000 through 2002 on a producer’s field in the Republican River Valley, on a Carr sandy loam soil, and in 2003-2004 on the North Central Kansas Experiment Field, on a Crete silt loam soil. Treatments consisted of two plant populations (28,000 and 42,000 plants/a) and nine fertility treatments consisting of three N rates (160, 230, and 300 lb/a) in combination with rates of P, K, and S. Results from the 3-year study on the Carr sandy loam soil &n... B. Gordon |
115. Flax Seed Yield and Quality As Affected by N and PFlax (Linum usitatissimum) has the potential to become an important oilseed crop for bio-products and is well adapted to the cropping systems of Montana. Little information on the response of flax to N and P fertilization is available; consequently, nutrient management research was initiated in 2004 and 2005 at four locations each year. Nine treatments consisting of 0, 30, and 60 lbs N/acre in combination with 0, 15, and 30 lbs P2O5/acre were applied at pla... G. Jackson, D. Johnson |
116. Management of Post-emergence Nitrogen on Spring WheatWhy are Producers Interested in Post Emergence N Applications? Increase in nitrogen (N) fertilizer prices combined with rewards for achieving high grain protein concentration in wheat has led to increased interest in post-emergence applications of N to spring seeded crops. Traditionally, N fertilizer prices decrease in the month of June, thus post-emergence applications may be an economical alternative to applying all the N requirement either in the previous fall or sprin... R. Karamanos |
117. Outlook on the High Plains Aquifer: What’s in Store for Irrigated Agriculture?The High Plains aquifer is the most intensively used aquifer in the United States, providing irrigation for approximately 14 million acres of crop land. The aquifer recharges slowly in the semi-arid environment of the Great Plains, resulting in significant water level declines in parts of Texas, Kansas, Colorado, Oklahoma, New Mexico and Nebraska over the past 40 years. The recent four year drought on the High Plains, coupled with the Republican River settlement, have pu... R. Waskom, J. Pritchett, J. Schneekloth |
118. Dryland Strip-till in Western KansasInterest in strip-till has risen over the past few years. Questions about whether strip-till is beneficial on dryland fields is a major concern for producers in western Kansas evaluating this process. To provide answers to some of these questions, a farmer assisted field study was initiated in the fall of 2003. The objectives of this research were to compare no-till to strip-till fertilizer treatments applied at various timings. No response to strip-till was o... B. Olson, R. Aiken, J. Falk |
119. Dynamic Cropping Systems: Implications for Long-term ResearchLong-term cropping systems research provides critical information to producers regarding the sustainability of management practices. Fixed cropping sequences in long-term cropping systems research, while useful from the standpoint of understanding specific crop rotation effects on agronomic and environmental attributes, run the risk of losing relevance with producers over time due to changes in cropping practices brought about by market forces and technological innovations. &n... M. Liebig, D. Tanaka, J. Krupinsky, S. Merrill, J. Hanson |
120. Flexible Summer Fallow in the Central Great PlainsSummer fallow has played a significant role in dryland cropping systems in the Central Great Plains for many years. Although it helps to stabilize crop yields, frequent use of summer fallow jeopardizes the long-term sustainability of dryland systems by degrading the soil resource and reducing profitability. We argue that a dynamic system involving flexible summer fallow, whereby a grower’s decision to transition from a summer crop to winter wheat with a short-duration spring crop or sum... D. Lyon, D. Baltensperger, P. Burgener, D. Nielsen |
121. Impact of Long-term No-till on Crop Yield, Economics, and Soil PropertiesA study was initiated in west-central Kansas near Tribune to evaluate the long-term effects of tillage intensity on soil properties and grain yield in a wheat-sorghum-fallow (WSF) rotation. After 10-yr, water infiltration was 50% greater with no-till (NT) than either reduced tillage (RT) or conventional tillage (CT). Aggregate stability was also better following NT than RT or CT. Grain yields of wheat and grain sorghum increased with decreased tillage intensit... A. Schlegel, T. Dumler, L. Stone |
122. Evaluation of Active Optical Sensors for Assessment of Plant N in Irrigated CornNitrogen (N) fertilizer has received attention for a long time as a potential source of ground water pollution. Considerable research has been conducted to investigate use of remote sensing for assessing plant N status to improve N use efficiency. Most of these studies have used passive type sensors which require sunlight. Clouds hinder their performance. Active type sensors provide their own illumination which means they can be used to take measure... W. Bausch, A. Halvorson |
123. In Season Crop N ManagementWe are testing a prototype high-clearance tractor configured with active crop canopy sensors, drop nozzles with electronic valves, and a variable rate controller as means to deliver in-season variable rates of liquid N fertilizer based on crop needs as an alterative to preplant uniform applications of N. The active sensor we’re evaluating is the model ACS-210 CropCircle made by Holland Scientific. It generates its own source of modulate... J. Shanahan, F. Solari, J. Schepers, D. Francis |
124. Apparent Electrical Conductivity As a Tool for Delineating Spatial Patterns in Inherent Soil PropertiesSoil properties affecting crop yield exhibit spatial variability. Apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) can be economically measured and is well correlated with many soil properties. Methods for processing ECa survey data and determining the relationship between ECa and soil properties are needed. An ECa survey was conducted on two fields and processed using the ESAP computer program. Soil samples to calibrate and validate the program were collected. An initial assessment resulted in a succe... B. Wienhold, P. Koerner |
125. Site-specific N Application – the Soil Management FactorFields within a site in North Dakota and one in Montana were investigated using variable-rate N based on zone delineation tools. Limited response was observed at either location. Closer examination of the soils within the fields showed that at the ND site, sandier, low organic matter soils might best be managed not through preplant rate, but through a top-dress or sidedress application of N, using lower rates adequate for the lower productivity of the soils. Higher organic matter, heavier tex... D. Franzen, D. Long |
126. Initial Studies on Soil Nitrogen Management, Soybean Nitrogen Relations,and Bean Leaf Beetle BiologyBean leaf beetles (Cerotoma trifurcata) are serious insect pests of soybeans (Glycine max). This study was conducted to determine if soil nitrogen (N) input treatments would impact the biology of this emerging pest species. The experiment was conducted in the soybean phase of a long-term corn/soybean rotation study near Brookings SD. Soil N input treatments were: corn fertilized for a yield goal of 8.5 Mg ha-1 (high N input), 5.3 Mg ha-1 (medium N in... W. Riedell, J. Lundgren, S. Osborne, J. Pikul Jr. |
127. Nutrient Accumulation and Partitioning by Grain Corn in ManitobaHigh grain yield of corn was produced in a year with normal heat unit and precipitation accumulation without periods of heat or moisture stress. Nutrients varied not only in magnitude of uptake, but in rate, timing and partitioning within the plant. Magnitude of nutrient uptake was: K2O > N > P2O5 > Mg > Ca =S, Fe >>> Zn = Mn > B > Cu. Some nutrients were repartitioned within the plant as the cob and kernels developed... J. Heard |
128. Nutrient Accumulation and Partitioning by Potatoes in ManitobaThe purpose of this study was to document nutrient uptake and partitioning in processing potatoes. Potatoes did take up and remove considerable amounts of macro and secondary nutrients. Nutrients behaved differently in uptake pattern, partitioning in the plant and translocation within the plant. More than half the N, P, K, S and Cu were found in the tuber of the plant. The nutrients Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn were found predominantly in the leaves. B and Zn ... J. Heard |
129. Evaluation of a Preliminary Algorithm for Increasing Fertilizer Nitrogen-use Efficiency in CanolaA field experiment with canola (Brassica napus L.) was conducted at Indian Head and Scott, Saskatchewan to evaluate the effects of various nitrogen (N) management strategies on grain yield and profitability. The treatment of greatest interest was a variable rate application where we applied a reduced rate of N at seeding and determined N topdressing rates using a preliminary N application algorithm. The algorithm was used to estimate fertilizer N requirements using senso... C. Holzapfel, G. Lafond, S. Brandt, W. May, P. Bullock |
130. Making the Most of Fallow Crops – Nitrogen ManagementThe practice of summer fallowing was adopted in the drier areas of the prairies (Brown and Dark Brown Soil Zones) to conserve moisture, afford weed control, allow the soil to “rest”, i.e., mineralize N, maintain stability of crop yields, manage trash and allow for better seedbed preparation and provide a more uniform work load. This practice, however, combined with cultivation encourages wind and water erosion, water percolation and leaching losses in lighter textured s... R. Karamanos, F. Selles |
131. Is Potassium Limiting No-till Corn Yields?Potassium (K) was thought to be a limiting factor for no-till and ridge-till corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine maxL. Merr.) in a long-term tillage and crop rotation study at the Iowa State University (ISU) Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering Research Center (AERC). Our objective in this study was to compare 30 lb K2O/A broadcast, dry subsurface band or liquid surface band applications with a control (0 lb/A). The treatments were applied to the same plots each year for two years, ... D. Karlen, J. Kovar |
132. Accuracy of Quick Soil Nitrate Tests in MontanaAccurate, rapid testing of soil nitrate-N would allow producers to adjust their fertilizer rates when needed and augment their annual soil testing. This study tested the accuracy of three quick test kits on approximately 90 soils. Quick nitrate-N readings were well correlated (P<0.001) with laboratory readings. However there was a fairly high probability (~40%) of over or under estimating total soil N by at least 15 lb N/ac. In addition, regression coefficients between quick test and labor... E. Allison, C. Jones |
133. Agronomic Implications of Dairy Effluent Water ReuseNew Mexico dairies generate a waste-water stream that is often used for land application. The water contains nitrogen that must be applied according to statutory limits or can be based on agronomic considerations. However, the effluent water also contains other nutrients as well as salinity components that may have a greater impact on crop production and environmental sustainability. A survey of New Mexico dairy lagoons was done in the fall of 2003 in order to... R. Flynn |
134. Manganese Nutrition of Glyphosate-resistant and Conventional SoybeansThere is evidence to suggest that insertion of the gene that imparts glyphosate resistance in soybeans may have altered physiological processes that affect manganese (Mn) uptake and metabolism. This study was conducted in order to determine if glyphosate-resistant soybeans respond differently to applied Mn than conventional soybeans. The glyphosate-resistant soybean variety KS 4202 RR and its conventional isoline were grown on a Crete silt loam soil with a pH of 6.9 at the North Central Kansa... B. Gordon |
135. Intensive Measurements in Single Field Vs. Traditional Multi-location P Rate Studies for Localized P RecommendationsWith the advances in precision technologies over the past decade, there is more interest in individual farmers developing their own individualized research base. There are several stated advantages of individual farmers developing their own research base including; the accumulated data is from their own farm and reflects their environmental conditions, the results reflect an individual farmers cultural practices and rotations as compared to ‘average’ conditions, collecting many da... D. Leikam, J. Herman, J. Massey, L. Maddux, S. Harold |
136. Effect of Zinc Fertilizers of Varying Water Solubility on Long Term Dtpa-zn Soil TestsThere are many zinc (Zn) fertilizer products on the market and these products often vary considerably in water solubility. In general, there are two main types of granular zinc products currently being marketed - zinc sulfate and various zinc oxysulfates. While the zinc in zinc sulfate is generally all water soluble, zinc oxysulfates vary considerably in water solubility. Zinc oxysulfates are typically produced by reacting sulfuric acid with various by-product zinc oxides. Zinc oxide is very ... D. Leikam, D. Seymour |
137. Field Scale Assessment of Phosphorus Loss to Surface Waters for Planning and Regulation: P IndexesFields identified for manure application by large animal feeding operations need to be assessed for the P loss potential from the field to water bodies before March 30 2007. Many states use a phosphorus index to assess the risk of P loss. Phosphorus indices are intended to be easy to use with modest input data requirements. A P index typically considers source (site and management) and transport factors in assessing risk of P loss. A P index may be a tabular worksheet or a simple computer mod... C. Wortmann, J. Benning, C. Shapiro, D. Tarkalson |
138. The Interaction of Seed Placed and Side Banded Phosphorous with Nitrogen and Potassium Chloride Fertilizer on the Agronomic Performance of Durum WheatDeveloping knowledge on the effects of nitrogen, phosphorous, and fertilizer placement on durum yield and quality will permit durum producers to implement crop and soil fertility management strategies geared to, improving grain quality, grain protein, yield and achieving a higher grade for the grain they produce. A study was conducted examining the effect of nitrogen and phosphorous, in a two way factorial on durum yield and quality. Several extra treatments w... W. May, G. Lafond |
139. Effects of Alternative Midseason Side Dress Nitrogen Application Methods on Sugar BeetsSplit applications are an effective way to increase N use efficiency in sugar beet production. Research has shown that the efficiency of a midseason N application is greater when N is placed near the plant row than when broadcast. Comparisons of banded and broadcast midseason applications sometimes result in stark visual differences in response. More information is needed regarding the dynamics of this response and its influence on harvested yield. A study was conducted in Powell, WY under a ... S. Skalsky, W. Stevens, J. Jacobs, D. Menkhaus |
140. Changes in Extractable Phosphorus in Amended Soils During a Growing SeasonRecent studies indicate that soil extractable P and P in runoff are greatest immediately after fertilizer and manure applications. Our objective was to evaluate changes in Mehlich 3– and water– extractable P in soils amended with cattle (Bos taurus) manure and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) throughout a single growing season. Cattle manure and MAP were applied at a rate of 184 and 300 kg P ha-1, respectively, on a Pullman clay loam (Fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleus... R. Schwartz, J. Bell |
141. The Effect of Manure and N Rates on Corn Yield and Salt and Nitrate Movement in the Soil Under Furrow and Drip Irrigation in the Arkansas River ValleyA field experiment was conducted at the Arkansas Valley Research Center (AVRC) in 2005 to test the effects of irrigation type and scheduling and fertilizer rate on corn yield and salts and NO3-N movement in the soil profile. Four N fertilizer rates (0, 60, 120, and 180 lb N/a) and four manure rates (10, 20, and 30 t/a) under subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and furrow irrigation (FrI) with two irrigation scheduling regimes (full and deficit irrigation) were compared. The results show no signi... A. Berrada, A. Halvorson, M. Bartolo, J. Valliant |
142. Antibiotic Transport Via Runoff and Soil Loss from Manured FieldsPrevious research has verified the occurrence of veterinary antibiotics in manure, agricultural fields, and surface water bodies, yet little research has evaluated transport of antibiotics from agricultural fields. The objective of this project is to quantify the transportability of veterinary antibiotics from agricultural fields where manure or effluent is applied. Our hypothesis was that there would be significant differences among antibiotics in the partitioning ... J. Davis, C. Truman, S. Kim, J. Ascough Ii, K. Carlson |
143. Composting Problem Wastes Produced on the Csu Campus for Later Beneficial Campus UsesColorado State University’s (CSU) Diagnostic Laboratory (DL), located at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, diagnoses the causes of animal mortality. Some of the carcasses received by the DL contain prions, the infectious agents of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs.). The DL disposes of its mortalities in an alkaline digester, which destroys the infectivity of pathological organisms, including prions, after six hours. The end products of the digestion ... K. Corwin Doesken, J. Davis, B. Powers |
144. Improving the Fermentation Characteristics of Corn Through Optimum N Fertilization and Hybrid SelectionEthanol processors could increase production efficiency if they had access to corn grain better suited for fermentation. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of hybrids and N fertility rates on fermentable starch content that will be used for dry-mill ethanol production. Six hybrids were grown under four N fertility levels at two locations in eastern SD. Ethanol yields increased as N fertility levels increased. Higher ethanol yields were ... G. Reicks, H. Woodard, A. Bly |
145. Irrigation System Effects on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Under Sugarbeet and Barley in Northern Great PlainsIrrigation system may influence the growth and yields of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) and malt barley (Hordeum vulgarisL.), amount of their residue returned to the soil, and soil C and N levels. The effect of two irrigation systems [low energy precision application (LEPA) and mid-elevation spray application (MESA)] was examined on the amount of biomass (stems + leaves) residue returned to the soil from conventional till sugarbeet (CTSB), strip till sugarbeet (STSB), and conventional... U. Sainju, R. Evans, W. Iversen |
146. The Effect of Tillage on Spring Wheat N ResponseFor economic and environmental benefits, more and more producers have adopted no-till practices in Montana, but the nitrogen (N) recommendations for various no-till crop rotation systems have not been well established. The objectives of this study were: 1) to investigate the effects of tillage, number of years of tillage, previous crop, and N input on winter wheat yield, and 2) determine the fertilizer-N needs and establish fertilizer recommendations for Montana growers to produce optimum win... C. Chen, C. Jones |
147. Biofuels and Nutrient ManagementFew developments have had as dramatic or rapid an impact on crop production as did grain-based ethanol on corn in 2006 and 2007. In response to strong market signals, corn acreage in the U.S. in 2007 jumped from a three-year average of 80 million acres to nearly 93 million, an increase of more than 15%. Secondary effects on prices of other commodities soon followed. Nutrient demand increased as well as the cost of many inputs needed for crop production. The purpose of this paper is to evaluat... P. Fixen |
148. The Implications of Biofuel Production on Soil ProductivityProduction of biomass from agricultural crops as a source of energy generated either as a primary or secondary source from agricultural systems has the potential to provide a portion of the nation’s energy needs. Removal of crop residue after harvest is viewed as a major source of cellulosic material; there are challenges that arise with biomass removal in cropping systems in which the crop residue has remained on the soil surface after harvest. The potential impacts of bioma... J. Hatfield |
149. Nitrogen Requirements of Sorghums for Biofuel Feedstock Production in the Southern High PlainsSorghums are a logical crop choice for biofuel feedstock in semiarid West Texas. The declining Ogallala aquifer means that “renewable” biofuel production must be on limited irrigation. Nutrient requirements, primarily N, become the next constraint. We looked at total biomass yields, grain yields, estimated ethanol production, and brix content of forage sorghums, grain sorghums, and sweet sorghums from 2004 to 2007 in Bushland, Texas. Bio... B. Bean, K. Bronson, R. Schwartz, A. Malapati |
150. Response of Camelina to Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and SulfurCamelina (Camelina sativa) has been introduced as feed stock for bio-products, but information about its nutrient requirements are lacking. Experiments were initiated to determine the seed yield, seed oil, N, P, K, and S content, and fatty acid composition of the oil response of camelina to N, P, and S additions and to determine if the response is related to appropriate soil tests. Data from six locations indicated that camelina needs about 80 lbs N/acre for optimum seed yields and oil c... G. Jackson |
151. Winter Canola Fertility for the East Central Great PlainsThe objective of this research is to develop Nitrogen recommendations for winter canola (Brassica napus L.) grown in the southern Great Plains. This work focuses on timing: fall, spring, or split; the possible benefits of sulfur application, and the effect of fall fertilizer N on winter survival. Studies were conducted at three sites in Kansas (one experiment field and two cooperator sites) and one research farm in Oklahoma. Applied N (urea and/or ammoniu... V. Martin, W. Heer, D. Mengel, C. Godsey |
152. Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Irrigated Cropping SystemsWe evaluated the effects of N fertilization and irrigated crop management practices on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Emissions were monitored from several irrigated cropping systems receiving N fertilizer rates (0, 67, 134, and 246 kg N/ha) during the 2006 growing season and N rates of 0 and 246 kg N/ha on corn plots, 0 and 156 kg N/ha on barley plots, and 0 and 56 kg N/ha on the dry bean plots during the 2007 growing seasons. Cropping systems included: convention... A. Halvorson, S. Del Grosso, C. Reule |
153. Achieving Economic and Greenhouse Gas Goals Through Tillage and N ManagementA field study was conducted near Ft. Collins, CO evaluating irrigated continuous corn production under conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) with six N fertilizer application rate treatments. Economic return response functions were developed for each tillage system and combined with net global warming potential estimates for a subset of treatments to determine whether economic and greenhouse gas emission improvements could be achieved. Results show economic returns can be increased by $1... D. Archer, A. Halvorson |
154. Impacts of Cropping Intensity on Soil C and Net Greenhouse Gas Fluxes for Dryland Cropping in Northeastern ColoradoIn 1985, land that was traditionally used for conventional tillage wheat/fallow cropping was converted to no till alternative cropping systems to investigate soil carbon changes. After 12 years of average to above average precipitation, continuous no till cropping with out summer fallow had stored more than twice the amount of carbon in soil compared to no till wheat/corn/fallow cropping. However, after 18 years, the wheat/corn/fallow system had stored almost 3 times as much carbon... S. Del Grosso, L. Sherrod, A. Mosier, G. Peterson, L. Ahuja, N. Hansen |
155. Agriculture’s Contribution to Nitrogen Deposition in Rocky Mountain National ParkNitrogen deposition in Rocky Mountain National Park has been increasing steadily and is impacting both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Ammonia volatilization from fertilizer is estimated to contribute 20% of the N deposited in the park. The objectives of our research are 1) to determine N isotope ratios for ammonia sources, and to use this tool to evaluate the accuracy of the source predictions, and 2) to evaluate Best Management Practices for ammonia volatilization ... J. Davis, T. Borch, N. Marcillac |
156. Strip Tillage for Sugarbeet and Its Implications for N Fertilizer ManagementStrip tillage (ST) is attractive as a means to reduce fuel and labor costs associated with sugarbeet (Beta vulgarisL.) production, but seedbed preparation, fertilizer management, and weed control are concerns. A field study was conducted near Sidney, MT with objectives to (i) compare the effect of tillage system [conventional tillage (CT) vs. ST] on yield and quality, and (ii) compare N uptake and availability with the two tillage systems under sprinkler irrigation. For ST, 12-inch strips spa... B. Stevens, B. Iversen, B. Evans, J. Jabro, J. Kim |
157. Strip Tillage Versus Broadcast N Application for Sugar Beet and Dry BeansStrip-till placement of N was compared to broadcast N application for sugar beets and dry beans during 2006 and 2007 near Scottsbluff, NE. Effects on sugar beet stand, yield, sugar content and sucrose production and sugar loss to molasses were evaluated. For dry beans, stand and final yield effects were measured. No significant N method effects or N rate by method interactions were shown for either crop. N rate significantly increased yield of both ... G. Hergert, R. Nielsen |
158. Nitrogen Management for No-tillage Corn and Grain Sorghum ProductionNo-tillage production systems are being used by an increasing number of producers in the central Great Plains because of several advantages that include reduction of soil erosion, increased soil water use-efficiency, and improved soil quality. However, the large amount of residue left on the soil surface can make nitrogen management difficult. Surface applications of urea containing fertilizers are subject to volatilization losses. Leaching can also be a problem on course textured soils when ... B. Gordon |
159. Update on Using Active Sensors to Manage N Application on CornWe are testing a prototype high-clearance N applicator configured with active crop canopy sensors, electronic valves, and a variable rate controller to deliver in-season variable rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer based on crop needs in lieu of uniform at-planting N applications. The active sensor used is the Crop Circle model ACS-210 manufactured by Holland Scientific (Lincoln, NE), and it measures canopy reflectance in the visible (cente... J. Shanahan, J. Schepers, R. Ferguson, D. Roberts |
160. Calibration of the Nitrate Soil Test for Malting Barley in Western North DakotaMalting barley production is moving westward into semi-arid regions, such as western North Dakota. The objective of this study was to determine if the “nitrogen factor” traditionally used for malting barley in eastern ND, 1.5 lb (soil nitrate + fertilizer)-N per bushel, was valid for western ND. Six experiments were conducted. At each site, twenty unique combinations of residual nitrate-N and fertilizer N were combined with two varieties, a 6... J. Goos, B. Johnson, E. Eriksmoen, J. Nelson, G. Martin, P. Carr, N. Riveland, G. Bradbury |
161. Long-term Phosphorus Studies in Western CanadaAn experiment that was established in 1982 to assess placement of P fertilizer on the yield of continuous barley was terminated in 2004, after annual application of P (30 kg ha-1) was discontinued in all but one treatment in 2001. Total removal of P during the first 20 years of the experiment (615 kg P2O5 ha-1) was virtually equal to total P application (600 kg P2O5 ha-1); however, when removal by the control that was fertilized with N only was subtracted from the total r... R. Karamanos |
162. Tillage, Cropping Sequence, and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Dryland Soil Nitrogen and Malt Barley YieldInformation on management practices is needed to reduce N fertilization rate and soil erosion and sustain dryland malt barley yield and quality in the northern Great Plains. The effects of combinations of tillage and cropping sequences [continuous no-tilled malt barley (Hordeum vulgaris L.)(CNTB), no-tilled malt barley-pea (Pisum sativum L.) (NTB-P), no-tilled malt barley-fallow (NTB-F), and conventional-tilled malt barley-fallow (CTB-F)] and N fertilization rates (0, 40, 80, and 12... U. Sainju |
163. Sorghum Grain Yield and Yield Component Under Different Skip-row Configuration and Plant Density in NebraskaEqual spacing of sorghum rows typically results in the highest grain yield when soil water is adequate throughout the season, but skip-row planting may be a means to reduce water deficits during reproductive growth stages. A two year field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of skip-row configuration and plant population density on grain yield and yield components in a transect across Nebraska where annual mean precipitation ranges from 300 to 900 mm yr-1. Three row configurations incl... A. Abunyewa, R. Ferguson, C. Wortmann, D. Lyon, S. Mason |
164. A Use of Skip-row Planting As a Strategy for Drought Mitigation in the West Central Great PlainsSkip-row planting of corn and sorghum has recently developed as a strategy for mitigating drought in the dryland regions of the western Central Great Plains. Here we compare 16 site-years of no-till feed grain yields when planted skip-row and when planted conventionally in Eastern Colorado and Western Kansas (over half of the locations were on farm replicated trials. The idea is that a wider row arrangement forces a change in the timing of soil-water availability and use, which may mitigate d... M. Vigil, B. Henry, F. Calderón, D. Poss, D. Nielsen, J. Benajmin, B. Klein |
165. A Comparison of Dryland Grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) and Admiral Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Grown Under Different Row SpacingsGrasspea (GP) is a drought-tolerant legume grown for forage and grain in Europe and the Middle East. It has potential value to be used as a nitrogen-fixing crop in rotation with common grain crops in the High Plains. However, the agronomics of GP for our region have not been investigated to date. We carried out a field experiment to compare the growth of GP and Admiral Pea (AP) in 76 cm rows vs. 19 cm rows. The growth, yield, grain N content, phenology, and water utilization was me... F. Calderon, M. Vigil, D. Nielsen, J. Benjamin, M. Mikha |
166. Impact of Grid Point Sampling Intensity on Phosphorus and Potassium UncertaintySoil testing is the foundation for the determination of nutrients for crop recommendations. The reliability of which is based the collection of a representative field sample, appropriate test method, accurate laboratory analysis, and the nutrient recommendations. The success of the soil testing process is fundamentally dependent on the collection of a representative soil sample. For whole fields this entails a composite of multiple soil cores denoting the coll... R. Miller |
167. Impact of Growth Hormones on Nutrient ExcretionThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) first approved the use of hormone implants containing estradiol benzoate/progesterone in 1956 for increasing growth, feed efficiency, and carcass leanness of cattle. Livestock production sites, including feedlots and dairies have recently undergone close scrutiny for their contribution of endocrine disruptor residues to the environment via their manure. While these effects need to be addressed, there is also a definite impact o... S. Archibequet, T. Borch, J. Davis |
168. Fertilizer Placement with Seed – a Decision AidBanding fertilizers with the seed at planting continues to be a popular option with producers in the Great Plains and North Central regions of the U.S. However, seed-placed fertilizer may limit germination/emergence of the seed/seedling. Nutrient source and rate are two factors affecting injury that are relatively simple to manage. Unfortunately, many crop producers and advisors have few rate guidelines for the many crop by fertilizer combinations that are common to... R. Gelderman |
169. Tifton 85 Bermudagrass Response to Potassium, Chloride and Sulfur at Two Nitrogen Rates‘Tifton 85’ is a relatively new bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers.) hybrid with improved nutritive value and yield potential. Limited plant nutrient response data are available for this grass. We designed field research to evaluate the response of Tifton 85 to K, Cl, and S at two N rates. Tifton 85 was sprigged in spring 2001 on limed Darco loamy fine sand (Loamy siliceous semiactive thermic Grossarenic Paleudult) fertilized with 68 lb o... V. Haby, W. Stewart, A. Leonard |
170. Inclusion of Weather and Soil Data in Nitrogen Yield Response Curves and Economic ModelsNear record-high fertilizer prices have created the need for models that predict economically optimum nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates for small grains in Montana. Current yield and protein models, necessary for the development of economic models, have been based on available N (soil plus fertilizer N) and grouped into two to three yield ranges to improve model fit. The goal of this study was to add climate parameters and organic matter (O.M.) content into grain yield, protein, and economic mode... C. Jones, D. Griffith |
171. The Effects of Compost, Manure, and Urea on Yield and Forage Quality when Topdressed on a Perennial Forage Mix of Irrigated, Cool Season GrassesSignificant quantities of animal manures are generated by livestock and equine facilities along the Front Range in Colorado. Topdressing raw manure on perennial forage is not recommended due to high potential losses of N into the atmosphere and surface water. Composted manure contains significantly less ammonium-N than raw manure. In a 2 year study conducted to determine the effects of topdressing composted manure, raw manure and urea on the yield and forage q... K. Doesken, J. Davis, J. Brummer, T. Engle |
172. The Effectiveness of Recovered Phosphates As Fertilizer in Slightly Acidic and Alkaline Soil ConditionsRecovered magnesium phosphates such as struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) may be useful as a method of improving phosphorus (P) cycling in municipal wastewater treatment and livestock agriculture. However, little work has been done on the re-use of recovered products, and what work has been conducted has focused on low pH soils. This study was conducted to determine if recovered struvite and recovered dittmarite (MgNH4PO4·H2O) are effective fertilizers in alkaline so... M. Massey, J. Davis, R. Sheffield |
173. Foliar Potassium Fertilization of Muskmelons: Effects on Fruit Quality and YieldSugar content, aroma and texture are key quality traits that influence consumer preference of many fruits and vegetables such as muskmelon [Cucumis melo L. (Reticulatus Group)]. These quality traits are directly related to potassium (K)-mediated processes. However, soil-derived K alone is seldom adequate to satisfy these fruit quality processes. Controlled environment studies have shown that supplemental foliar K applications can overcome this apparent de... J. Jifon, G. Lester |
174. Seedrow Nitrogen Placement GuidelinesIntroduction of no-till and direct seeding practices in the western Canadian prairies has resulted in expansion of the practice of placing N fertilizer with the seed. Almost fifty percent (49.5%) of the total seeded acres in western Canada were in no-till according to the 2006 census (Statistics Canada 2006). Greatest percentages were in Saskatchewan and Alberta, where no-till systems accounted for 60 and 48 % of the seeded area, respectively. ... R. Karamanos, J. Harapiak, N. Flore |
175. Residual Effects of Manure and N Fertilizer on Corn Yield and Soil N and P Under Drip and Furrow IrrigationA field experiment was conducted at the Arkansas Valley Research Center in 2007 to test the residual effects of two years (2005 and 2006) of manure application (10, 20, and 30 tons/acre) and N fertilizer (60, 120, and 180 lb N/acre) on corn yield, N and P uptake, and soil N03-N and P concentrations under subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and furrow irrigation (FrI). There were no significant differences in corn yield between SDI and FrI in 2005, 2006, and 2007, even though, on avera... A. Berrada, A. Halvorson, M. Bartolo, J. Valliant |
176. Quick Test for Cation Exchange Capacity in SoilsThe objective of this study was to develop a quick method for estimating the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soils, suitable for use in an introductory soil science laboratory, and possibly for routine soil testing. In this method, the soil is reacted with a calcium solution, such as calcium acetate, and the excess removed by filtration. The soil is then suspended in a sodium oxalate solution, and the electrical conductivity (EC) of the suspension determined. &nbs... J. Goos, B. Johnson |
177. Nutrient Uptake and Manganese Response in Conventional and Glyphosate-resistant SoybeanGlyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean cultivars are widely accepted in the United States. Glyphosate-resistant technology provides many benefits to production agriculture, yet GR soybeans may require some additional management factors in order to obtain maximum yields. The objectives of this research are to determine (i) nutrient uptake in GR and conventional (CV) soybean isogenetic lines and (ii) response of GR and CV soybean to manganese fertilization. A field study was conducted at 5 locations... J. Loecker, N. Nelson, W. Gordon, L. Maddox, K. Janssen |
178. The Use of Active Optical Sensors to Manage N Fertilization of Sorghum in KansasResearch in the Central Plains region has shown grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to be more tolerant of water-stress than corn (Zea mays L.). As a consequence sorghum is commonly grown in the region in rotation with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybeans (Glycine max) in areas and soils where corn does not perform well due to regular drought stress. Sorghum yields vary widely from year to year, making traditional pre-plant, yield goal based, N reco... D. Tucker, D. Mengel |
179. Phosphorus Placement in Reduced Tillage Systems in KansasA number of questions are being raised concerning phosphorus (P) management as more producers switch to minimum or no-till (NT) systems. These tillage systems conserve moisture below the surface residue creating cooler, and potentially wetter soil conditions at planting, and stratified nutrient concentrations in the soil. The cooler temperatures can result in slower earlier season growth on crops such as corn and wheat, and P stratification can potentially reduce P uptak... K. Martin, D. Mengel |
180. Estimating Canola (Brassica Napus L.) Yield Potential and Nitrogen Requirements Using Optical SensorsOptical sensors have potential to improve our ability to match N fertilizer rates with crop requirements. Experiments with canola (Brassica napus L.) were completed to determine if normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) could be used to estimate canola yield potential (YP) and N requirements, as well as to assess if sensor-based N management for canola is feasible relative to conventional practices. Canola plots were repeatedly measured with handheld GreenSee... C. Holzapfel, G. Lafond, S. Brandt, R. Irvine, D. James, M. Morrison, W. May, P. Bullock |
181. Nitrogen Mineralization Rate of Animal Manure Across Productivity Level Management ZonesAccurate quantification of Nitrogen (N) mineralization in manure from different productivity level management zones (MZs) could result in efficient and safe utilization of manure as N fertilizer. Soil characteristics and crop responses change between different MZs and the loss of N and other nutrients into the environment can occur when the supply of soil nutrients by animal manure and other sources exceeds the demand by crops. The objective of this study was to compare nitrogen mineralizatio... M. Moshia, R. Khosla, D. Westfall, J. Davis, R. Reich |
182. Meeting Demand with a New Interdisciplinary Program in Organic AgricultureOrganic food and fiber production without the use of synthetic pesticides or chemical fertilizers is the fastest-growing sector of the agricultural industry, fueled by consumer demand. The Interdisciplinary Studies Program in Organic Agriculture at Colorado State University provides a unique opportunity to study the science of organic production. Our program builds on a base of fundamental agricultural sciences with additional courses on organic agricultural methods, management and marketing.... A. Elliott, F. Stonaker, J. Davis, H. Hughes |
183. Microbial Communities and C Cycling Under Deficit-irrigated MaizeGrowing urban population, declining groundwater levels, and drought are factors leading to reduced water quantities for irrigated land in the semiarid western U.S. Developing sustainable limited irrigation systems necessitates an understanding of how reduced water availability affects soil microbial processes and ecological interactions critical to crop productivity and soil conservation. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of deficit-irrigated maize cropping s... M. Stromberger, K. Coffin, N. Hansen |
184. Land Application of Anaerobically Digested Biosolids in Usepa Region 8Most municipal wastewater in USEPA Region 8 (covering the states of CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, and WY) flows through facilities where the sludge is treated using anaerobic digestion in order to meet pathogen reduction and vector attractiveness requirements. Tracking the application of anaerobically digested biosolids is an important step in determining the fate of carbon, nutrients, and potential contaminants from this widely used biosolids treatment process. The biosolids appl... R. Brobst, M. Massey, W. Kennedy, L. Shanklin |
185. Validation of the Pre-sidedress Nitrate Test for Poultry Manured Corn FieldsPrevious research in northeastern Colorado has shown that the critical Pre-sidedress Nitrate Test (PSNT) level to obtain optimum corn (Zea mays L.) grain yields without applying additional sidedress N on non-manured fields is 15 mg kg-1 nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N). This study was conducted to determine if the critical PSNT level of NO3-N identified for non-manured corn fields would also apply to those fields receiving an organic N source before planting. The effect of PSNT levels... T. Bauder, D. Quarles, R. Pearson, S. Van Wychen |
186. A Historical Yield Performance in Western KansasA primary objective in Agronomy is to increase crop yields through improved varieties/hybrids and production practices. Crop variety/hybrid performance tests of irrigated corn, irrigated wheat, dryland wheat, irrigated grain sorghum, dryland grain sorghum, and irrigated soybeans were conducted at the Southwest Research Extension center in Garden City, Kansas annually over the last 50 years. For each crop, the varieties/hybrids yields were averaged for each year from 1956 through 2006. These t... J. Holman, C. Thompson, A. Schlegel |
187. Dryland Corn Yield and Water Use Affected by Seeding Rate and Row ConfigurationAn established cattle market in the Northern Great Plains (NGP) creates a demand for feed grains including corn grain and silage. However, dryland corn production is hampered by the risk of crop failure due to drought conditions. Altering the row configuration and seeding rate have reduced the risk of yield loss in other areas, but these typically receive greater rainfall than the average 12-14 in annual precipitation of the NGP. A study was initiated in 2007 ... B. Allen |
188. Nitrogen Recalibration for Wheat in North DakotaThe general formula for determining N fertilizer rate in North Dakota for about thirty-five years has been N-rate = (2.5 X Yield Potential (or Yield Goal) less credits from previous crops and soil test nitrate-N from a 2-foot soil core composite. Historically high fertilizer N costs and the ability to fertilize within fields rather than whole field N management has resulted in a reexamination of N calibration data, and an effort to expand the modern N calibration database with new f... D. Franzen, G. Endres, K. Mckay, J. Lukach, R. Ashley |
189. Wheat Roots and Residue Effects on Soil Aggregation and CarbonCrop residues have been identified for a number of off-field uses. Poor understanding of the role of crop residues in key soil processes limits our ability to predict sustainable crop residue removal rates. A study was conducted to compare aggregate size distribution, aggregate stability, and soil organic carbon fractions in the 0 to 3 inch depth of soils receiving surface residue and roots, surface residue only, roots only, or no residue for five years. Aggregate size distribution was simila... B. Wienhold, W. Wilhelm |
190. Copper and Zinc Fertilization in Winter WheatCopper and zinc applications have recently been sited as a possible management practice to improve wheat production on the Great Plains. Copper deficiency has been observed on wheat planted into peat soils, whereas wheat sensitivity to zinc deficiency is rated as low. To determine whether winter wheat in Kansas may benefit from copper and zinc, a multi-site study was set-up to determine if a 1 lb/a application applied prior to jointing is beneficial to yield. ... B. Olson, K. Leikam, M. Claassen |
191. The Effect of Irrigation and Cropping Systems on Carbon Stocks in Semi-arid LandsABSTRACT Increasing competition for a limited water supply is leading to changes in irrigated cropping practices. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of irrigation and cropping systems management on total C and N stocks in a semi-arid environment. Soil samples were collected at six different depths at the Agricultural Research and Development Center of Colorado State University (ARDEC). Four cropping systems with variable irrigation inputs were evaluated: fully irrigated al... M. Abulobaida, N. Hansen, F. Cotrufo, J. Davis |
192. Nutrient Cycling Following Cover Crop Termination in Texas Cotton ProductionCover crop adoption on the Texas High Plains (THP) is severely limited compared to other agricultural regions in the U.S. Cotton producers on the THP consistently site water limitations as the primary reason for not implementing cover crops in their cropping systems. Previous research on the THP has shown that nitrogen immobilization following cover crop termination might be the most leading consequence of cover crops, not water availability. A study was initiated into existing long term... J.A. Burke, K.L. Lewis, J.L. Foster |
193. Relationship Between Plant Nitrogen and NDVI of Cotton on the Texas High PlainsNitrogen (N) is one of the most limiting factors in Texas High Plains cotton production (Bronson et al., 2001). Nitrogen build-up in cotton is near maximum for the season at first open boll, when leaf senescence begins (Li et al., 2001). Lint yield response to N is difficult to predict due to N response relying on water management and initial soil nitrate (NO3--N) (Morrow and Krieg, 1990). Normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) is a tool that has been used to mana... A. Bumguardner, K. Lewis, G. Ritchie, K. Bronson, M. Maeda |
194. Precision Mapping Technology in Dryland Cropping SystemIncreasing availability of cropland geospatial data are providing farmers with opportunities but also challenges in interpreting these data for precision cropland management decisions. The objective of this study is to evaluate spatial variability and precision management decisions using mapping technology in dryland cropping system. The study was initiated in 2018 in Akron, Colorado on field size plots ranged from 2.4 to 4.5 ha (6-11 acres) with substantial production variability. ... M.M. Mikha, D.M. Barnard, K.R. Mankin |
195. Long-Term Effects of a Large Composted Cattle Manure Application Followed by Cover Crops to Organic Dryland Winter Wheat Cropping SystemsOrganic agriculture in semi-arid environments can face several challenges in order to produce a successful crop. These include nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies, moisture limitations, and high weed competition. Organic winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)-fallow systems can be amended with composted cattle manure and with green manure from cover crops grown in the fallow phase to help increase wheat yields and quality. Cattle manure can improve soil health with t... C. Helseth, U. Norton |
196. Nitrogen Response of 2-Row Barley in North DakotaIn about 2019, the major malting barley buyers moved from 6-row barley cultivars to 2-row barley cultivars. The N response of 6-row barley was well-established, however, little local data regarding 2-row cultivar N response was available. A 2-year study was conducted in North Dakota on two sites, using two cultivars at each site. Rates of N from 0 to 160 pounds N per acre were imposed on each cultivar. One site was in a long-term (30+ years) no-till system, while the other site was in a trans... A. Wick, D. Franzen, B. Goettl |
197. Post-Wheat Summer Cover Crop Effects Crop Yields and Soil Properties in a No-till Dryland Cropping SystemTraditional dryland cropping systems in the semi-arid Great Plains include long fallow periods of up to 14 months to conserve soil moisture. However, such systems are inefficient even under continuous no-till (NT) management. As less water is necessary to produce forage compared to grain, cover crops (CCs) may be successfully integrated into dryland crop rotations for increased soil cover and potentially greater income when hayed or grazed as annual forages. One study was initiated in 2016 ne... L.M. Simon, A.K. Obour, J.D. Holman, M.E. Schipanski, S.K. Johnson, K.L. Roozeboom |
198. Nitrogen Fertilizer Application and Depth of Moist Soil at Planting Affected Grain Sorghum YieldThe depth of moist soil before planting is critical for grain crop production in intensified dryland cropping systems. We investigated depth of moist soil at planting and nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rate effects on continuous grain sorghum yields on a Crete silt loam soil over 32-years in western Kansas. Treatments were four N rates (0, 20, 40 and 60 lb ac-1) in a randomized complete blocks design with four replication and depth of moist soil at planting determined with Pau... A.K. Obour, J.D. Holman, Y.M. Assefa, L.M. Simon, P. Mauler |
199. Snapshot of Crop Nutrient Balance with Use of a Rye Cover Crop in a Corn-soybean Rotation Under Tile Drainage in Eastern South DakotaThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of using a winter rye cover crop within a corn/soybean rotation (rye seeded every fall and burned down each spring) on drainage water quality, crop nutrient status, and grain yield. Use of a winter rye cover crop to take up available N from the soil profile is a management tool that may help to lessen nutrient movement out of the soil profile while at the same time contributing to improved soil health. Winter rye is very winter ... P. Sexton, S. Kumar, S. Osborne, B. Brockmueller, A. Bly, B. Rops, A. Bawa, S. Bauder, J. Mcmaine |
200. Effects of Climate Change and Narrow Rows with Higher Plant Densities on Yields of Irrigated CornClimate change is significantly impacting agricultural systems worldwide, and although there are reports of these impacts contributing to higher yields in some regions, the general consensus is that there will be negative impacts on yields and soil quality across large regions. Management practices that can contribute to higher yields and adaptation to a changing climate will be important during the 21st century. This presentation will cover results from two manuscripts that are current... J.A. Delgado, B. Floyd, R. D'adamo, A. Villacis, A.D. Brandt, A. Halvorson, C.E. Stewart, J. Alwang, S. Del Grosso, D.K. Manter |
201. Legacy Impacts of Cattle Grazing on Soil N2O and CH4 Fluxes in Shortgrass SteppeGrazing cattle directly emit CH4 from enteric fermentation and contribute to soil N gas emissions related to nitrogen and organic matter additions from urine and manure deposits. Grazed soils can be sources or sinks of CH4, depending on moisture levels and localized manure patches. N2O emissions are related to availability of water as well as mineral N and labile C substrates in soil. Previously, we observed higher N2O and NH3 losses from fresh patches of urine and manure compared t... S. Del Grosso, J. Derner, J. Delgado |
202. Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in High-Elevation Hay Meadows: Understanding Processes for Improved Agroecosystem ProductivityIrrigated hay meadows are an integral, but often under-performing component of livestock operations in western rangeland ecosystems. Flood irrigation resulting in seasonal saturation, high elevation, and cool temperatures common to these systems result in concentration of organic materials near the soil surface, constraining nitrogen cycling, forage productivity and diversity. Improved understanding of nutrient cycling, soil organic matter processes, and ecosystem services of irrigated hay me... D. Adamson, J. Norton |
203. Kernza in Wyoming: Evaluating Perennial Grains to Revitalize Wyoming Dryland AgricultureKernza, a perennial grain crop harvested from intermediate wheatgrass, has the potential to provide a sustainable alternative to wheat-fallow agriculture that can build soil health. Kernza had not yet been planted in Wyoming, where the drier climate presents unique challenges yet stands to particularly benefit from the adoption of a perennial crop. From spring 2021-2024, Kernza will be grown on five farms across southeast Wyoming under a variety of management strategies. We aim to determine K... H. Rodgers, J.B. Norton, L.T. Van Diepen |
204. Soil Health Comparison in Organic and Conventional Cotton-Peanut Rotations in the Texas Plains RegionOrganic farming has been increasingly adopted in the Texas High Plains (THP), but restrictions on synthetic fertilizer use may be problematic if a system cannot mineralize sufficient nutrients from organic matter breakdown to meet crop needs. Cover crops are a tool utilized by both organic and conventional producers for nutrient management, weed control and soil conservation. A one-year study was conducted in organic peanuts in Lubbock and Vernon, TX, to assess the ability of cover crop... N. Boogades, K. Lewis, T. Gentry, P. Delaune, L.M. Ellman-stortz |
205. Lentil Nitrogen Fixation Response to Fertilizer and Inoculant in the Northern Great PlainsLentil production in the semi-arid northern Great Plains has increased dramatically over the past two decades, providing agroecosystem benefits of efficient water use, pest cycle disruption, and biological nitrogen (N) fixation. Through N fixation, lentil may help alleviate soil acidification and groundwater contamination by reducing N fertilizer needs. Despite widespread farmer adoption of lentil in the region, little is known about the benefits of fertilizer or inoculant type concerning N f... K. Baber, C. Jones, P. Miller, S. Koeshall |
206. Soil Analysis Methods Accuracy and Precision Comparison: Historical North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) Program ResultsThe SSSA-NAPT Program provides open access to soil, water, and plant laboratory data. This data is collected quarterly from about 150 participating laboratories. For soil data, five samples are sent to participant laboratories for them to submit data for any or all of the 99 accepted methods. Our objective was to evaluate data precision from 43 soil samples (2019-2021). A measure of precision was made by dividing the Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) by the Median for each of the 43 sample... B.G. Hopkins, G.E. Cardon, J.R. Lawley |
207. Effect of Soil and Foliar Application of Sulfur, Magnesium, Boron, and Zinc on Root Yield and Sugar Quality in Conventional Till and No Till Sugar BeetField experiment was conducted at the Eastern Agricultural Research Center in Sidney, MT, to determine the effect of S, Mg, B, and Zn on beet yield and sugar quality under conventional and no-till system. Split-plot design was used with 3.6 x 9.1 m experimental plots and four replicates. Tillage was main plot and micronutrient fertilizer was sub-plot. Tillage treatments included conventional and no-till. Fertilizer treatments included SUL4R-PLUS® (Ca & S... C. Lim, C. Chen, C. Kowatch-carlson, B. Franck, T. Gross, R. Brown |
208. Soil Properties Affected by Grazing and Tillage of Annual ForagesNo-till (NT) management of annual crop production systems increases precipitation capture and storage. However, compaction with annual livestock grazing and the development of herbicide resistant weeds present challenges to long-term NT. An on-farm study was established in 2016 near Jetmore, KS to investigate the influence of annual tillage with a sweep plow compared to NT in a grazed continuous winter triticale production system. Forage productivity as well as weed density and soil propertie... P. Mauler, J. Holman , A. Obour , L. Simon, K. Roozeboom |
209. Evaluation of Soil Test Phosphorus Extractants and Tissue Analysis for Corn in KansasPhosphorus (P) is a critical nutrient for corn (Zea mays L.) productivity. Determining an appropriate concentration of soil test phosphorus (STP) and P tissue concentrations is a fundamental step needed to make accurate phosphorus management decisions. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of four different STP methods (Mehlich 3, Bray 1, Bray 2, and H3A) for corn production and determine critical P tissue concentration at different growing stages. The stu... G. Roa, D. Ruiz Diaz |
210. Microplastics in Sweet Corn: Polymer Coated FertilizersPolymer coated fertilizers enhance nutrient efficiency and potentially reduce environmental nutrient loss. However, heavy runoff can carry microplastics into waterways and could negatively impact aquatic or terrestrial environments (Alimi, 2018). The objective of this project is to determine the microplastics concentrations in runoff water in sweet corn (Zea mays ‘sweetness’) with various placement methods. The full factorial study design consisted of three fert... B.G. Hopkins, B.T. Geary, C.J. Seely |
211. Microplastics in Urban Landscapes: Polymer Coated FertilizersThe introduction and use of polymer coated fertilizers in urban landscapes has proven beneficial in supplying nutrients with less loss to the environment. However, these have recently come under scrutiny due to concerns with microplastics in the environment (Alimi). The objectives of this study were to determine the microplastics concentrations in runoff water in urban landscapes. The full factorial study design consisted of three fertilizer sources (Uncoated Dry and Coated Dry) with all... C.J. Seely, B.T. Geary, B.G. Hopkins |
212. Nutrient Distribution and Uptake: Homogeneous Vs. Heterogeneous Fertilizer BlendsApplication of concentrated boron (B) fertilizers is potentially a problem for crops with a narrow root cylinder as some plants may receive the B while others are not in close enough proximity. The objective of this trial was to evaluate a low concentration B fertilizer in a variety of crops. Uptake of B was measured and compared to known B sufficiency levels. Crops with a relatively narrow root cylinder diameter (Kentucky bluegrass turfgrass, onion, carrot, and alfalfa) that were fertilized ... J.D. Ioannou, B.G. Hopkins |
213. Stacking Nutrient 4Rs on Potato and WheatThe 4 Rs of nutrient management are a set of research-based guidelines for farmers to use when applying fertilizers to their crops. The aim of the 4 Rs is to improve the sustainability of major cropping systems and the environment without compromising crop yield and quality. The objective for this project is to evaluate individual and stacked 4 R management practices and how they intersect. We conducted this experiment on a Russet Burbank potato crop grown at a field near Grace, Idaho in 2020... S.H. Stapley, N.C. Hansen, M.A. Yost, E.A. Woolley, B.G. Hopkins |
214. A New Hydroponic System for Testing Mineral Nutrient Deficiencies and It's Application to SoybeansCorrelating plant tissue nutrient concentrations with visual symptoms is valuable in combating mineral nutrient deficiencies and toxicities. Due to changing climates and decreasing water supplies throughout the world, agricultural lands need to improve nutrient and water management in crops, including soybeans (Glycine max L.).Because nutrient concentrations can be easily controlled, hydroponics effectively demonstrate isolated specific nutrient related symptoms. However, many h... A.M. Lambert, S.M. Anderson, D.L. Cole, A. Haderlie, C.J. Seely, B.G. Hopkins |
215. Cover Crops in Certified Organic, Specialty Crop Food ProductionThere is a growing interest in certified organic, specialty crop food production. With a larger population demanding organic products and organic products offering a higher premium for the producer, farmers are exploring the transition to organic farming. Organic producers in southeastern Wyoming face multiple challenges in environments with high elevation, low precipitation, and have a short growing season. These challenges include management of persistent weeds, maintaining biodiversity, an... E. Moore, U. Norton |
216. Dramatic Soil Health Changes After 18 Years of Different Nitrogen Rates and Cropping Systems in the Northern Great PlainsRelatively few long-term cropping and nitrogen rates studies have been conducted in the semi-arid northern Great Plains that assess soil health changes. A cropping system study was initiated in 2002 in Bozeman, Montana (~400 mm annual precipitation) with wheat grown in even years, and either tilled fallow or one of the following no-till systems in odd years: fallow, wheat, pea grain, pea hay, pea green manure, and an alfalfa-grass (until 2012) followed by pea grain. N was applied at either 50... C. Jones, P. Miller, C. Zabinski, W. Fouts |
217. Soil Physical Quality Effects of Novel Perennial Grain Cropping at Two Contrasting Sites in Alberta, CanadaNovel perennial grain crops have been proposed as a solution to several environmental issues facing modern agriculture, namely the loss of soil quality often associated with annual monocrops. Abundant literature has stressed the importance of good soil quality for maintaining and improving ecosystem services provided by agricultural systems including, but not limited to, soil carbon sequestration, disease suppression and water filtration. Conversion of annual croplands to perennial systems ha... E. Daly, K. Kim , G. Hernandez-ramirez, K. Klimchuk |
218. In-season Nitrogen Application Method Influence on Grain Sorghum PerformanceGrain sorghum production in the United States is concentrated in the great plains. This region is prone too harsh environments that may provide opportunities for extensive N losses when relying on pre-plant N application alone. This problem may be alleviated through moving N application later in the growing season to optimize N availability when plant N uptake is most required to prevent yield loss. However, fertilizer application equipment availability may be limited for many producers in th... R.L. Sharry, B. Arnall |
219. Effects of Phosphorus and Potassium Application Timing on a Wheat Double Crop Soybean SystemThe wheat-double crop soybean system is a popular choice for Oklahoma producers, as it allows for two crops in one year, and therefore, more revenue in less time. With favorable conditions and proper management, double crop soybeans are yielding as well as full season soybeans. Weather pattern shifts over the last few years have raised the question for growers if they should invest more into the summer double crop, as there is growing potential for profit. While atte... H. Lovewell, B. Finch, R. Sharry , M. Smith, J. Souza, B. Arnall |
220. Soil Phosphorus Forms and Cycling Are Altered by Acidification from Nitrogen Fertilization in Long-term Wheat Plots in Swift Current, SaskatchewanSoil acidification from high rates of nitrogen (N) fertilization is recognized as a significant problem in many countries, altering many aspects of soil health. However, new research suggests that this is also a problem for soils receiving lower rates of ammonium-N (NH4-N) over long time periods, including on the North American Great Plains. Soil phosphorus (P) cycling is particularly vulnerable to acidification, because P is optimally soluble in soils within a limited pH range. Th... B. Cade-menun, L. Bainard |
221. Soil Carbon and Agroecosystem Benefits of Conservation Management and Perennial Bioenergy Crop ProductionConservation agricultural management practices and perennial bioenergy crops can increase soil organic C (SOC) stocks on marginal soils yet the time necessary to observe these benefits, as well as the upper limit of C storage isn’t known. Co-benefits often associated with SOC accumulation are positive effects on water and nutrient retention, soil microbial biomass and diversity and soil structure, resulting in better soil quality. However, interactions between nitrogen fertilizer, crop ... C.E. Stewart, V.L. Jin, M.R. Schmer, R.B. Mitchell, C. Williams, G.L. Miner |
222. Lentil Inoculant, Potassium, Sulfur, and Micronutrient Effects on Yield and Protein in the Northern Great PlainsLentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is an important crop, averaging more than 600,000 ac in MT and ND from 2016-20. However, relatively little is known about inoculant and fertility response in lentil in the U.S. northern Great Plains. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of rhizobial inoculant formulations (granular and seed-coat) and nutrient additions (K, S, and micronutrients), on lentil growth, yield, and seed protein. This study was conducted at six or seven univ... P. Miller, C. Jones, S. Atencio, C. Chen, E. Eriksmoen, S. Fordyce, P. Lamb, M. Ostlie, J. Rickertsen, M.A. Grusak, M. Bourgault, B. Franck, P. Carr, S. Koeshall, K. Baber |
223. Influence of Nitrogen Rate Application on Soil Fertility in Four Long Term Experiments SitesTotal organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) are the most important components of the soil as they are key indicators of its quality and productivity. Nitrogen fertilization is an effective management practice for improving and maintaining soil fertility and enhancing crop productivity. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of different Nitrogen rate application on SOC and TN. This study was carried out in four separate long-term sites across Oklahoma State, established... M. Maatougui, B. Arnall |
224. Impact of Nitrogen Fertilizer Source and Application Date on the Yield and the Quality of Winter WheatNitrogen (N) is one of the most important and critical nutrient elements in agricultural systems, and its effect directly affects crop productivity and nutrient content. Our field studies were related to the wheat Crop. They were conducted in four locations to evaluate the effect of various Nitrogen sources (SuperU, Urea, UAN and UAN+Anvol) applied at three different times (pre, greenup and jointing). The experimental design of the four locations was randomized complete w... H. Moulay, B. Arnall |
225. Evaluation of Summer Forage Tillage Management in Winter Wheat Graze out ProductionThis is a long term study conducted in central Oklahoma evaluating management of a winter wheat graze out system. This study focuses on the impact of the implementation of a summr fallow replacement forage crop into a winter wheat graze out production system, as well as the utilization of tillage management of conventrional tillage versus no-till systems and the impacts on forage production. ... B. Finch, B. Arnall |
226. Adjusting N Rate is the First Step in N Management IntensificationNitrogen (N) management and sowing date are among the leading causes for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield gap in Kansas. This research aimed to compare the two most common cropping sequences in Kansas (continuous wheat [Ct-Wt] and double-cropping of winter wheat and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) [Wt-Sy]) under two N management (standard and progressive) on wheat production. Standard N management consisted of one single broadcast N application as UAN at 80 lbs ac-1... L. Simao, R. Lollato, D. Ruiz Diaz |
227. Effect of Manure Applications Compared to Commercial Fertilizer for Total Nitrogen in Dryland Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)The Magruder plots are one of the staples in research agriculture not only in Oklahoma but across the country. The historic data gathered from the Magruder Plots allows for the analysis of long term data sets in excess of 124 years of data. The Magruder treatment structure allows for the comparison of the added benefits of manure applications as compared to inorganic sources of fertilizers. Manure applications were made once every four years as a total nitrogen source compared to annual... B. Arnall, R. Singh, R. Sharry |
228. Effects of Potassium and Boron on Cotton Lint YieldThe importance of potassium (K) is numerously documented as it’s essential for photosynthesis, stomatal regulation, enzyme activation and chlorophyll development. While a majority of cotton production occurs in the southwest portion of Oklahoma, producers from south to northwest are implementing rotations of cotton and wheat. In the western portion of the state soil pH becomes increasingly alkaline [whereas areas in wheat production are predominantly acidic]. Although K becomes more ava... M. Smith, B. Arnall |
229. Nitrogen and Sulfur Colimitation to Winter Wheat YieldSulfur has become more limiting for wheat production in the Great Plains, and its deficiency can interact with N availability. The current work reports on yield and yield gaps of three winter wheat varieties as affected by N and S fertilization using the concept of co-limitation (CNS). Field studies evaluating 0, 10, 20 and 40 lbs S/a combined factorials with 50, 100, and 150 lbs N/ac and three hard red winter wheat varieties were conducted in eight environments resulting from ... R. Lollato, B.R. Jaenich, N. Nelson, M. Guttieri, D. Ruiz Diaz, V. Sadras |
230. Increasing Winter Wheat Grain Yield By Replicating the Management Adopted in High-Yielding Commercial FieldsLarge winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield gaps between farmer yields and yield potential in the southern Great Plains indicate the need to improve recommendations of best management strategies to profitably bridge this gap. Many studies have been completed on individual management factors pre-determined by the individual researcher, but we are not aware of studies comparing combination of practices that producers are currently using, which would be more relevant for real-world sce... L.P. Ryan, R.P. Lollato, L. Haag, J. Holman |
231. Evaluation of Starter Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates for Grain Sorghum Production in the Southern Great PlainsNitrogen (N) is the most essential nutrient for plant growth and is often the most limiting in crop production. Timely applications of N throughout the growing season are critical to maximizing crop yield. Applying N at planting has proven to be an effective practice, giving plants accessible N early on to increase vegetative growth. Although this is commonly practiced in corn production throughout the Oklahoma and Kansas area, little research has been conducted concerning proper N starter ra... M. Thomas, B. Arnall |
232. Effect of Rate and Timing of Nitrogen Applications on Forage Sorghum Biomass YieldForage Sorghum (Sorghum-Sudan grass) is a forage crop harvested in the form of silage or dry-hay and is intended to distribute to livestock as feed. The research objective for this study is to observe how nitrogen timing plays a role in crop total biomass yield. Observations and data were collected during the 2021 growing season, with a total of two harvests allowed due to weather conditions in the area. This trial was conducted at two locations: Lake Carl Blackwell near Stillwater, Oklahoma ... B. Arnall, S. Sawatzky, S. Akin, M. Thomas, R. Singh, W.R. Raun |
233. Analysis of 10 Years of N Rate and Timing Work in Oklahoma Winter WheatThis study was conducted to determine optimum top-dress nitrogen fertilizer rate by location and environment so it may be reproduced in following years. Winter wheat was planted in different locations each year starting in 2009. Each location had a treatment structure consisting of Preplant nitrogen rates ranging from 28.02kg/ac to 224.17kg/ac and top-dress nitrogen rates ranging from 28.02kg/ac to 140.11kg/ac. When top-dressing occurred there was two plots that had sensor based rates that us... S.G. Akin, B. Arnall |
234. Does Late-season Nitrogen Impact Grain Protein Concentration in Wheat? A Global Meta-analysisSustainable improvements in wheat production entails increasing yield while maintaining or improving grain quality, which most of the time are negatively correlated. However, attemps to synchronize N supply with crop N demand through N timing can help to obtain both improved yield and quality by enhancing N use efficiency (NUE) and reducing N losses. Late season applied N is a challenging practice that when used correctly can generate posite NUE impacts. Additionally, a systematic ... R. Lollato, N. Giordano |
235. Can Soil Health Metrics Improve Standard Soil Fertility Recommendations?It is commonly speculated that integrating soil health (SH) testing with soil fertility (SF) testing would improve fertilizer recommendation decisions. However, quantified impacts of SH properties, specifically soil biological properties, on fertilizer demand have not been well established. The objective of this research was to explore corn (Zea mays L.) yield response to phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization as influenced by established SF analysis and common SH me... N.R. Kitchen, J.D. Svedin, S.H. Anderson, K.S. Veum, C.R. Ransom |
236. Sugarbeet Yield Response and Nitrate Leaching As Influenced by Nitrogen Management in Semi-arid ClimateFertilizer nitrogen (N) in irrigated sugarbeet production needs to be optimized to simultaneously increase yield and reduce nitrate leaching. In addition to adjusting N rate and application timing, there are available fertilizer technologies such as controlled- or slow-release N which may be beneficial for beet yield and reducing potential nitrate leaching. However, there are limited studies assessing the effectiveness of such fertilizers for sugarbeet in a semi-arid climate. The two-year exp... D. Ghimire, B. Maharjan |
237. Measuring N2O Emissions from Dryland Sorghum Production Using Gas Chamber and Eddy Covariance Flux MethodsNitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are not well quantified in the dryland production systems of the Great Plains. Lack of field-based data has led to the use of questionable assumptions in various life-cycle analyses when dryland grain production is a feedstock. A field-scale trial of 81 acres was established within a 160 acre production field of dryland grain sorghum in northwest Kansas in 2021. Grain sorghum was no-till seeded into wheat stubble. Grower practices for nitr... L. Haag, P. Tomlinson, S. Patel, E. Santos |
238. Spatial Variability in Profile Soil Nitrate, Nutrient Update, Grain Yield, and Nutrient Removal in a Commercial Dryland Grain Sorghum FieldEstablished relationships exist that describe the confidence interval around a soil test value as a function of cores in the sample for nutrients such as phosphorus. This information is useful for developing economically and agronomically optimal soil sampling strategies. Residual soil nitrate can be a significant source of a crops N needs in dryland cropping systems where N loss is minimal. A common question among producers and consultants is how many profile N cores are required... L. Haag, S. Patel, P. Tomlinson, E. Santos |
239. Winter Wheat Response to Enchanced Efficiency Fertilizers in the Canadian PrairiesOptimal nitrogen (N) management can improve agronomic efficiency, and increase winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and protein content. Two experiments were conducted to measure the responses of winter wheat to enhanced efficiency N fertilizers and timing/placements across the Canadian Prairies. Experiment 1 consisted of uncoated urea, urea+nitrification inhibitor (urea+eNtrench®), urea+urease and nitrification inhibitors (SuperU®), and polymer-coated urea (Envir... Z. Wang, J. Owens, X. Hao, L. Hall, K. Coles, C. Holzapfel, E. Rahmani, R. Karimi Dehkordi, B. Beres |
240. Acid Soil Adaptation Management in Western North Dakota with Hard Red Spring WheatHard Red Spring Wheat (HRSW) yields are decreasing due to acidic soils. No-till practices paired with heavy N use have lowered the soil pH on many acres of the Northern Great Plains. Acid soil where the pH drops below 5.5 has an impact on nutrient availability, soil microbial activity, stunted roots from aluminum (Al) toxicity and other plant/soil interactions. These areas can be improved from surface liming; however, liming can be costly. For many producers facing this issue, especially thos... R. Buetow |
241. How to Prepare a Virtual Poster for The Great Plains Soil Fertility Conference... Q. Rund, M. Tobin, L. Rund, F.B. Salihin |
242. How to Create a Virtual Poster for The Great Plains Soil Fertility Conference... Q. Rund, M. Tobin, L. Rund, I. Rund |
243. In-season Changes of Soil Mineral Nitrogen with Nitrogen Fertilizer and Nitrification Inhibitor in CornUnderstanding the role that soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) plays in the growth and productivity of corn is crucial. Nitrogen (N) demands vary during the growing season, and maintaining a sufficient amount of N in the form of ammonium (NH4+), or nitrate (NO3-) during the peak times of plant N uptake can help support high yields. The objective of this study was to assess changes and the supply of soil mineral nitrogen during the growing season in corn under field conditions in Kansas. This study w... P. Morinigo, D. Ruiz Diaz |
244. Soil Test Methods and Tissue Analysis to Assess Winter Wheat Response to Sulfur Fertilizer SourcesIdentifying how winter wheat responds to sulfur (S) fertilization through the use of soil test S (STS) methods has been a challenge across Kansas soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil test extraction methods for S as well as plant S nutritional status using different S fertilizer sources and rates. Sulfur response trials were established at 24 Kansas locations during two years (2019 and 2020). Fertilizer rate treatments included a control wit... D. Ruiz Diaz, C. Weber |
245. Evaluation of Mehlich-3 for Determination of Cation Exchange Capacity in Kansas SoilsSoil testing laboratories across the United States have implemented the Mehlich-3 (M3) extraction method for phosphorus (P) and other nutrients. Though M3 is known to work well as a multinutrient extractant, it raises concerns for measuring exchangeable cations, particularly in calcareous soils. The objectives of this study were (a) to evaluate M3 as an extractant for base cations for Kansas soils, (b) to identify a range of soil pH where M3 may be a suitable replacement for ammonium ace... B. Rutter, D. Ruiz Diaz |
246. Soil Health and Cotton Production in the Semi-arid Texas High PlainsSoil health has become a ubiquitous term in agriculture, but little is known about the impact of cropping system management on soil health metrics in semi-arid regions because of the majority of research has been conducted in humid or sub-humid regions of the United States. As a leading commodity of the semi-arid Southwest, cotton is an ideal candidate for soil health review. The purpose of this study was to assess a proposed set of soil health metrics in cotton production on the semi-arid Te... J. Burke, K. Lewis, P. Delaune |
247. Impact of Fertilizer Phosphorus (P) Source, Rate, and Placement Strategy on Yield, Nutrient Uptake, and P Losses in Snowmelt Runoff Water Across Variable Topographies in Saskatchewan, CanadaThe plant availability and mobility in soil of a fertilizer phosphorus (P) source is influenced by the solubility of the fertilizer product itself as well as the reaction products formed in soil over time. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, responses of wheat, pea and canola yield, P uptake and recovery were determined using eight fertilizer P sources applied in a broadcast and incorporate or side-band placement strategy at a low and high (20 vs 40 kg P2O5 ha-1) rates in... B. Weiseth, J. Schoenau, J. Elliott |
248. Evaluation of N Source in No-till Winter WheatNitrogen (N) source efficacy is dependent upon product used, application timing, and the condition of the environment in which it is placed. This study serves to look at how different N sources can be affected across different regions of Oklahoma, specifically in a heavy residue, no-till environment. N sources that were included in the study were Urea, Urea-Ammonium Nitrate (UAN), UAN + Anvol, and SuperU. The N sources were evaluated across nine site-years (SY) where each product had fou... J. Derrick, B. Arnall, M. Smith, J. Bigatao Souza |
249. Soil Microbes Are Critical to Maintaining Soil Fertility in the Great PlainsSoil in the Great Plains is known to be susceptible to wind and water erosion due to moisture deficits throughout the region that limit soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation that helps form stable soil structure. Conservation management practices like reduced tillage are emphasized to maintain SOM that provides habitat for soil microbes to perform ecosystem services related to nutrient cycling and soil aggregation to increase resistance to erosion and maintain fertile topsoil. Soils under lo... W. Roper, V. Acosta-martinez, J. Moore, M. Mikha, D.K. Manter, C.E. Stewart, R.M. Lehman, M.A. Liebig, V.L. Jin |
250. Effects of Fertilizer Nitrogen Management on Biomass, Oil, and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Peppermint in Nebraska PanhandlePeppermint (Mentha pipperita) is an aromatic perennial herb that contains aromatic oil, primarily menthol. Irrigated peppermint production requires large nitrogen (N) input, which is often higher than for irrigated corn. Therefore, if not managed properly, mint production has a high potential for N losses, including nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Nitrous oxide is a major greenhouse gas and the most important ozone-depleting emission. Increasing N2O emissions fro... B. Maharjan, S. Desilva |
251. Composted Manure Impacts on Organic Wheat Production in the Northern Great PlainsMontana leads the nation in organic production of small-grain crops including wheat (Triticum spp.). A major challenge faced by dryland farmers when growing wheat organically is supplying adequate N for optimum wheat yield and quality. A onetime application of composted manure at four rates (0, 5.6, 11, and 22 tons/acre) vs. annual applications of urea based on soil test results when growing wheat in wheat/fallow and wheat + biennial sweetclover [(Melilotus officinalis&... P. Carr, M.M. Volkman |
252. Combined Nitrogen with Magnesium or Zinc Effects on Sugarbeet Yield Sucrose Concentration, and Nutrient Uptake Under Conventional and No-till SystemsSugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important cash crop in the Lower Yellowstone River valley. Fertility, especially nitrogen (N) fertilizer, management is critical for sugar beet yield and sucrose concentration. While farmers are switching from a conventional tillage method to a no-till system for sugar beet cultivation, nitrogen (N) fertilizer application timing might need to be adjusted. Furthermore, micronutrients may enhance sugar beet yield and sucrose concentration. A tw... C. Chen, M. Etesami, M. Abdelhamid |
253. Nitrogen Fertilizer and Rhizobium Combinations to Improve Yield and Quality of Mung Bean and Adzuki Bean in MontanaMung bean and adzuki bean are new alternative grain legumes that may be grown in Montana and provide benefits to Montana’s cropping systems by improving long-term diversification and productivity. The objective of this study was to investigate mung bean and adzuki bean response to nitrogen fertilizer and rhizobium combinations to determine the optimum fertilizer management. Two adzuki bean (Organic and O.R varieties) and two mung bean (Organic and L.N varieties) cultivars were grown und... M. Etesami, F. Etemadi, T. Gross, B. Franck, C. Chen, C. Kowatch-carlson, S. Franck |
254. Long-term Tillage with Winter Wheat Grain Yield in Dryland Cropping SystemLong-term studies are important to improve our understanding and evaluate the sustainability of management practices while mitigating climate change. This study evaluated the winter-wheat grain yield stability under long-term tillage practices. Yield stability was assessed using squared deviation from regression (S2d). This study of winter wheat-fallow rotation was established in 1970 within the High Plains Agricultural Laboratory (HPAL) near Sidney, Nebraska (NE) on Duroc... M. Mikha, C. Creech, L. Aula, A. Easterly |
255. Agronomic Evaluation of Camelina Genotypes Selected for Yield, Oil Concentration, and NUEIn recent years, camelina (Camelina sativa L.) has received global recognition for its role as a biofuel crop and multipurpose addition to cereal-based farming systems in the Northern Great Plains (NGP). The present study objected to investigative the response of selected camelina cultivars, line 229, line 35, line 53, Suneson, and Check1 to nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) inputs in terms of biomass, yield, seed oil content, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) at five nitrogen (N) rates, r... M. Etesami, C. Chen, B. Franck, S. Franck, C. Lu |
256. Dual-purpose Cover Crop and Occasional Tillage Effects on Crop Yields and Soil Properties in a No-tillage Wheat-sorghum-fallow RotationReplacing fallow with dual-purpose cover crops (CCs) could enhance soil health and increase cropping system profitability when CCs are grazed or hayed. Grazing and/or haying CCs can provide an economic benefit to offset potential lost revenue when grain crop yields are decreased after CCs in dry years. However, producers are concerned about the potential for root-limiting soil compaction following grazing on no-till (NT) fields, which could limit subsequent grain crop yields and require tilla... L. Simon, A. Obour, J. Holman, S.K. Johnson, K. Roozeboom |
257. Impact of Phosphorus Soil Test Level Differences on Crop Response in No-till Soils in Central South DakotaWater and nutrient dynamics in no-till soils vary significantly from conventionally tilled soils. It is evident that soil structure, chemical parameters, and biological profiles influence the functionality of these different management systems. University soil fertility programs have been developed and calibrated for conventionally tilled management. Dakota Lakes Research Farm (Pierre, SD) conducted five years of research (2018-2022) to investigate the impact of phosphorus soil test levels in... S. Ireland, J. Clark |
258. Soil Properties and Winter Wheat Nutrient Uptake As Affected by Long-term Tillage and Nitrogen FertilizationKnowledge gained on the long-term effects of crop management practices on soil fertility is critical in developing nutrient management strategies to optimize crop yields and environmental sustainability in semi-arid cropping systems. This study examined the long-term effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer management and tillage intensity [conventional tillage (CT), and no-tillage (NT)] on soil properties and nutrient uptake in a dryland wheat-sorghum-fallow cropping system. Results showed winter ... A. Obour, J. Holman, L. Simon, Y.M. Assefa |
259. Crop Production and Soil Property Impacts of Integrating Annual Forages and Ruminant Livestock into Wheat-based Cropping SystemsIntensifying dryland cropping systems with annual forages and integrating ruminant livestock have the potential to increase profitability, increase water use efficiency, and improve soil health. The objective of this study was to determine the crop yield and soil property impacts of intensifying the traditional no-till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench)-fallow (W-GS-F) cropping system with annual forages as well as integrating ruminant... Z. Carson, A. Obour, K. Roozeboom, J. Holman |
260. Lime Management in the Semi-arid Regions of the USSoil acidity is increasing in the semi-arid regions of the US; however, questions exist about the efficacy of different liming products to raise soil pH and how long the lime benefits last. Therefore, we conducted two studies: 1) To monitor the efficacy of three liming products: sugarbeet lime (tilled and non-tilled), prilled lime (seed-placed), and aglime (tilled) to improve soil pH and crop yields at two sites in Montana and 2) To evaluate how different sugarbeet lime rates perform to mitig... M. Rakkar, C. Jones, P. Miller, K. Mcvay, R. Engel |
261. Effect of Seeding Rate on Annual Warm Season Forage Yield and Plant StructureDue to the decline of the Ogallala Aquifer and reduced irrigation capacity, there is growing interest in more water-efficient cropping systems in the semi-arid central Great Plains. To support the region’s livestock industry, there is increased interest in forages because they use water more efficiently than grain crops. However, there is insufficient information on summer annual forage seeding rates in the range of environments encountered in the region. The objective of this study was... J. Holman, N. Detter, A. Obour, P. Tamea |
262. The Effects of Manure Applications on Cotton Yield and Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Texas High PlainsThe cost of inorganic fertilizer is continually rising, which has caused an increased interest in alternative solutions. Along with fertilizer prices increasing, carbon emissions are following the same trend. There is an upcoming demand for organic fertilizer and carbon research. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of various manure applications on crop growth and greenhouse gas emissions in three different cropping systems in the Texas High Plains. The no-tillage cropping sys... T. Roberts, K. Lewis |
263. Summer Annual Legumes: Yield Potential and Water UseDue to the decline of the Ogalla Aquifer and reduced irrigation capacity, there is a growing interest in more water-efficient cropping systems in the semi-arid central Great Plains. One of the most water-intense crops grown on the semi-arid central Great Plains is alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Alfalfa is grown for its nutritive value and protein, which is highly desired by cow/calf, feed yards, and dairies of the central and southern Great Plains. The purpose of this study was to eva... J. Holman, N. Detter, A. Obour, L. Haag, K. Roozeboom |
264. Subsurface Drip Fertigation Impacts on Nutrient Uptake and Partitioning in CottonSubsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is becoming a popular option for maximizing the water use efficiency of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), especially in semi-arid environments of the Midsouth and Western United States. In the Texas High Plains where underground water resources from the Ogallala Aquifer are rapidly declining, there is increased adoption of water conservation technologies like center pivot and drip irrigation. In addition to increased water efficiency, drip irrigation allow... H.L. Valencia, J. Burke, T. Bennett, K. Lewis |
265. Temporal and Spatial Variability of Nitrogen Use Efficiency Across Landscape Positions in Southern High PlainsOptimizing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is crucial for enhancing crop productivity, managing resources effectively, and promoting environmental sustainability. In response to the growing significance of sustainable agriculture, this research rigorously explores the temporal and spatial dynamics of NUE in the unique agroecosystem of the Southern High Plains. With a focus on precision nitrogen management tailored to the region's distinctive conditions, the study aims to provide valuable in... R. Karn, W. Guo, K. Lewis, G. Ritchie, M. Siebecker |
266. Nitrogen Management in Semi-arid Conservation Cotton Production SystemsThe Southern High Plains (SHP) region of Texas is one of the largest cotton-producing regions in the United States. Cotton production is hindered by climatic conditions and wind erosion, but attempts have been made to adopt conservation management practices like cover crops and crop rotations to limit these effects. Conservation management practices can reduce a soil’s susceptibility to wind erosion, but their adoption has been limited on the SHP due to producers’ concerns regardi... J. Burke, K. Lewis, W. Keeling, W. Keeling |
267. Developing Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertigation Strategies in CottonSubsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is becoming a popular option for maximizing the water use efficiency of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), especially in semi-arid environments of the Midsouth and Western United States. In the Texas High Plains where underground water resources from the Ogallala Aquifer are rapidly declining, there is increased adoption of water conservation technologies like center pivot and drip irrigation. In addition to increased water efficiency, drip irrigation allow... K. Lewis, H. Valencia, T. Roberts, J. Burke, G. Ritchie |
268. Relationship Between Soil Health and Nutrient Availability in Semi-arid Cotton ProductionThe use of conservation management practices, like cover crops and no-tillage, is common in semi-arid cropping systems to reduce wind erosion. However, the use of these practices can also reduce cotton lint yield. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of nitrogen (N) management in conservation cropping systems to increase cotton lint yield. Two experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and Extension Systems in Lamesa, TX, USA. The first exper... J. Burke, K. Lewis, J. Foster |
269. Water Use Efficiency and Soil Changes After Long-term Crop Rotation Under Limited IrrigationLong-term crop rotation intensity and diversity can affect key soil properties. In semi-arid regions, the combined factors of rotation and soil properties may also affect the overall water use efficiency from either limited irrigation or rainfall. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in soil properties, and water use efficiency of corn grown under different rotation intensity and diversity and limited/supplemental irrigation. A field experiment was conducted over seven years in... D. Ruiz Diaz, P. Garcia Helguera, A. Rosa, O. Brian, K. Roozeboom |
270. Carbon and Nutrient Dynamics in Regenerative Cotton Production Systems of the Texas Southern High PlainsCarbon (C) sequestration in soil provides environmental and agronomic benefits. However, building soil C in semi-arid cotton systems is difficult due to low rainfall, low biomass production and high temperatures. Regenerative systems, which utilize practices such as cover cropping and crop rotation, can increase the amount of C input in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production systems, but they may increase C losses via carbon dioxide (CO2) due to increased respiration from soil... N. Boogades, K. Lewis, C. Cobos, J. Burke, P. Delaune |
271. Cover Crop Termination Timing Effects on Soil and Cotton Nutrient AvailabilityCover crop termination timings can have large impacts on the amount of soil coverage, nutrient availability, and stored soil moisture in a system. Producers in semi-arid regions must gamble the possibility of increased soil infiltration and reduced soil water evaporation against the potential of decreased soil moisture; in the SHP, success is dependent on irrigation capacity and precipitation. Optimizing termination timings for semi-arid regions and in deficit-irrigation/dryland systems is cr... C. Cobos, G. Baath, J. Burke, S. Chatterjee, P. Delaune, K. Lewis |
272. Double Cropping Wheat System Effects on Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activity Related to Nitrogen and Phosphorous Cycling Across TexasConventional management of agricultural systems can threaten soil health by contributing to soil erosion, soil carbon loss, and inefficient water use in crop production. Cover crops and conservation tillage have been reported to improve soil health, but the additional planting and maintenance comes at an additional cost. Double-cropping systems have the potential to mitigate that cost by providing producers a secondary crop with an additional source of income while providing soil health benef... H. Valencia, K. Lewis, J. Foster |
273. Comparative Analysis of Different On-the-Go Soil Sensor SystemsThis study is part of the field of precision agriculture. This management mode is one of the great revolutions in the agriculture field, and it means better management of farm inputs such as fertilizers, herbicides, and seeds by applying the right amount at the right place and at the right time. Precision agriculture aims to divide the farm into management plots where each receives customized management input based on soil fertility status, landscape position, and management. also p... H. Moulay, B. Arnall, S. Phillips |
274. Cover Crops in Semi-arid Dryland Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum, L.) Fallow Rotation, a Farmer Collaboration StudyWinter wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) (WW) is a primary dryland crop in semi-arid southeastern Wyoming. Incorporating cover crops (CC) to a WW-fallow rotation can help improve soil health. Local producers have been exploring the possibilities of using CC, but little is known about the CC impacts on soil moisture, plant available nitrogen (N) and competition with weeds in this region. A collaborative study with two dryland organic WW producers was launched in 2020. FARM 1 was planted to a CC mi... E. Moore, U. Norton |
275. Evaluation of Fertility Timing for Double Crop SoybeansDouble crop soybeans (Glycine max), or soybeans following a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop are a popular choice for producers who are looking for a way to maintain field coverage through the summer and an opportunity to capture additional profit from their field. In Oklahoma, double crop soybeans have a lower success rate in a rain fed system due to the unpredictability of rainfall and the later planting date of the double crop soybeans. Because of this, producers traditionally treat t... R. Grant |
276. Sustainable and Resilient Cropping Systems to Mitigate Wind Erosion for the Enhancement of Human HealthIn the Texas High Plains, regenerative cropping practices in a predominantly conventional farming area can be used to prevent further depletion of topsoil by wind erosion. This loss of topsoil can cause a decrease in agricultural productivity and form dust storms that can be detrimental to human health causing a rise in hospitalizations of chronic lung damage, cardiovascular disorders, and diseases contracted by inhalation. Using regenerative farming practices, both the number and size of dus... K. Lewis, R. Babcock, J. Burke, C. Cobos |
277. Advancing Precision Nitrogen Management in Agriculture: a Multifaceted ApproachAdvancing precision nitrogen management in agriculture involves achieving a balance between maximizing crop yield and minimizing environmental impact. Traditional nitrogen management approaches often lead to inefficiencies, contributing to environmental issues such as nitrous oxide emissions and nitrogen runoff. Significant challenges persist in quantifying factors influencing nitrogen dynamics in the soil-plant-atmosphere system, including landscape positions, soil properties, weather patter... W. Guo, R. Karn, K. Lewis |
278. Effect of Extractant pH on Exchangeable Cation Determination Using Ammonium Acetate and Mehlich-3Neutral pH ammonium acetate (1N NH4OAC, pH 7.0) is a standard soil test extractant for exchangeable cation concentrations. However, the concentrations may be artificially inflated for alkaline soils, especially those that are highly calcareous. The same effect potentially occurs with the Mehlich-3 extractant (Meh3, pH 2.5). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pH on exchangeable base cation soil test concentrations. Soil samples from the High Plains region were ran... F. Vocasek, B. Hopkins |
279. Nitrogen Management of Cotton Following Corn in the High PlainsNitrogen (N) management in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is challenging given physiological dynamics in an indeterminate crop. Cotton performance may be harmed due not only to under fertilization of N, but also excessive fertilization. This is especially pertinent when managing cotton for earliness. Often these challenges occur in the form of delaying the onset of reproductive structures due to the crops indeterminate nature, leading to problems associated with ... R. Sharry, M. Smith, B. Arnall |
280. Preserving the Past, Nurturing the Future: Inorganic Fertilizers and the Vital Role of Phosphorus and Potassium in Native Prairie RestorationPhosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are macronutrients required to sustain plant growth and reproduction. They are commonly applied as inorganic fertilizer by farmers across the world for their crops but these nutrients are also important for the development and sustainment of native grassland systems. Much of the Great Plains region has either been used as farmland or grazing land. These practices can disturb natural nutrient cycling by removing nutrients without adequate replacement. Current l... K. Hays, B. Arnall |
281. Assessing Corn Response to Cover Crops and Nitrogen Fertilization in a No –Till, Three-year Rotation in Northeast KansasAs industry initiatives and government programs begin funding and incentivizing climate-smart agricultural practices, more farmers in the great plains region may be interested in incorporating cover crops into their rotations. Annual yield data can aid in understanding how cover crops impact cash crop productivity in this region. A long-term cover crop experiment in northeast Kansas was established in 2007 based on a wheat – corn – soybean rotation to determinate th... A. Correira, J. Grunberg, P. Tomlinson, K. Roozeboom, D. Presley |
282. Experience with Using the Sikora-2 Soil/buffer pH Method in the Great PlainsThe acreage of acidic soils in the Great Plains continues to increase from long-term cropping and fertilizer nitrogen use. Acidic soils developed initially in dryland fields and/or in areas dominated by sandy soils, but are now relatively common in irrigated systems and finer-textured soils. A typical method used in the Great Plains states had been to determine soil pH in a 1:1 soil:water slurry and, when required, to determine exchangeable acidity using the SMP buffer solution. The buffer pH... F. Vocasek, S. Harrold |
283. Investigating Adsorption Capacities of Treated Sewage Byproducts for Their Potential Use As FertilizerAs the global population rapidly grows, food producers of the world are faced with the task of feeding as many as ten billion people by 2050. The current state of fertilizer use cannot support this growth, and the overuse and poor management of fertilizers has degraded soil, water, and air quality over time. The average recovery efficiency of nitrogen by crops is low, only 50% due to the fast dispersion/loss of applied fertilizers to the environment. This leaching of fertilizer often leads to... K. Coyle, L. Slaughter, C. Alvarez-pugliese, G.G. Botte, M. Siebecker |
284. Analysis of 13 Years of Nitrogen Rate and Timing Work in Oklahoma Winter WheatIn 1999, Raun and Johnson estimated that the worlds nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in cereal grains was 33%. After two decades of improvement (Omara et al, 2019) revised the prior world NUE for cereal grains to 35%. This improvement can be partially attributed to the change in producer practices of timing of nitrogen applications from an all pre-plant application to a split application of both pre-pant and in-season. The experiment that is analyzed within this study was established in 2009 wit... S. Akin, B. Arnall |
285. Influence of Irrigation Timing and Amount on Cotton Physiology and Nutrient PartitioningThis study explores the impact of varying water levels on nutrient uptake in cotton plants, known for its sensitivity to environmental conditions. Recognizing the pivotal role of water availability in agricultural productivity, the experiment employed different irrigation scenarios and assessed the efficiency of nutrient absorption in cotton under these varied circumstances. The research also focused on analyzing nutrient content in different plant tiss... K. Vargas, K. Lewis, J. Bicaldo, J. Burke |
286. Effect of Nitrogen Rate and Timing on Forage Sorghum Biomass Yield and QualityForage Sorghum is a summer annual sorghum-sudan hybrid that is a high yielding and high-quality source of feed for livestock. Forage sorghum can produce multiple biomass harvests in a single growing season, and is harvested in a silage or dry hay form. Because of the high yield of forage sorghum, this crop is a valuable choice for producers in Oklahoma and surrounding regions with heavily dominated livestock production. For such a high yielding crop nitrogen fertilizer application is extremel... S. Sawatzky, S. Phillips |
287. Comparative Analysis of Resource Partitioning and Nutrient Uptake Efficiencies in Modern Cotton CultivarsUnderstanding the complex process of resource partitioning within the plant provides prospects to develop new crop improvement strategies for varying environmental factors and agronomic practices. In upland cotton, the partitioning of dry matter is as crucially important as that of macronutrients and micronutrients in improving productivity. This presentation highlights research works pertaining to the changes in macronutrient and micronutrient uptake and partitioning alongside the remar... I. Pabuayon, K. Lewis, G. Ritchie |
288. Evaluation of the Nutrient Requirements and Uptake Indices of Ten Modern Cotton CultivarsThis study aims to re-evaluate the partitioning patterns and nutrient uptake index of new and soon-to-be released cotton cultivars to optimize the nutrient inputs for farmers and producers. The study will be divided into two phases: Phase I will be the determination of different nutrient uptake indices of 10 modern cotton cultivars and Phase II will be the development and establishment of new fertilizer management strategies for modern cotton cultivars using the results of plant nutrient upta... J. Bicaldo, K. Lewis, G. Ritchie |
289. Side-dress Applied ESN Reduces N2O Compared with Single Urea Application for Irrigated CornEnhanced efficiency fertilizer (poly coated urea, may reduce soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions while maintaining or increasing crop yields. However, further increases in N fertilizer efficiency may be attainable with a starter fertilizer application followed by side-dressed EEF. We monitored soil N2O using surface chambers from three N treatments [202 kg N ha-1 single application of urea, 34 kg N ha-1 starter urea combined with 168 kg N... S. Del Grosso, J. Delgado, C.E. Stewart |
290. Investigating Soybean Response to Phosphorus with a Cover Crop and Fertilizer Combination in KansasThe soybean crop provides one of the best opportunities to include a cool season cover crop (CC) ahead of planting. This study aims to maximize phosphorus (P) use efficiency by the soybean crop by using CC planting as a window of opportunity for better P fertilizer placement and timing. Specifically, combining P fertilizer with cereal CC seeds will place the fertilizer below the soil surface and combine two operations (CC planting and fertilizer application) in one pass. Other benefits includ... J. Demarco, D. Ruiz Diaz |
291. Sustainable Sufficiency: an Alternative Paradigm for Phosphorus Fertilizer ManagementSustainable, widespread adoption of conservation practices on-farm demands alignment of agronomic productivity and environmental protection goals. Phosphorus (P) fertilizer management is a critical control point for conservation P management, to reduce agricultural P loss to the environment. Phosphorus fertilizer recommendations follow either a low-P sufficiency (SF), or a higher-P build and maintain (BM) approach. Reduced P fertilizer inputs are recognized as an effective control measure to ... M. Bourns, N. Nelson, G. Roa , D. Ruiz Diaz, J. Demarco |
292. The Paradoxical Pursuit of Sustainable Nitrogen Management in Irrigated High-Elevation Hay MeadowsIrrigated hay meadows are an integral, but often under-performing component of livestock operations in the Mountain West. Saturating irrigation and cool temperatures result in buildup of organic matter in form of an O-horizon, hindering forage production and nitrogen (N) cycling. For these reasons, many ranchers choose to fertilize with N regardless of large stores of N already in the soil. To improve long-term forage production in meadow systems, it is therefore critical to understand t... D. Adamson, J. Norton, U. Norton, L.T. Van Diepen, M. Singh |
293. Exploring Long-Term Phosphorus Management Strategies for Optimizing Crops Yields in KansasPhosphorus (P) is a crucial nutrient for sustaining crop productivity, yet its scarcity often challenges agricultural endeavors. Recognizing the essential role of P fertilization in maintaining agricultural productivity, this study takes a multi-year approach to P management. It specifically delves into the intricate dynamics of long-term P placement, evaluating its impact on crop yield under varying rates and combinations. The primary objective is to discern the most effective phosphorus fer... D. Ruiz Diaz, G. Roa |
294. Shining Light on Novel Pathways for Potassium Fixation in SoilCotton has a high demand for potassium, and potassium significantly affects both cotton yield and fiber quality. Thus, bioavailability of potassium from the soil is paramount. Bioavailability and leaching of potassium to crops and from soils has been studied since the 1940s. However, problems that confronted agronomists in the 1980s continue to impact growers and crop production, including unpredictable potassium bioavailability and inconsistent plant response to fertilizer application under ... M. Siebecker, K. Coyle, T. Pham, I. Saldana Haworth, E. Schmidt, A. Sharma, K. Lewis |
295. Implications of Nutrient and pH Stratification in No-tillStratification of non-mobile nutrients in no-till is not a surprising result. However, this presentation will share the findings of soil sampling a series of long-term NPK fertility studies which have been in no-till production for more than ten years. This data set includes a non-treated check. Beyond stratification of nutrients we found significant stratification of OM, soil acidity, and Al3+. The impacts of stratification in a production system will be discussed along with potential proble... B. Arnall, R. Sharry |
296. Recent 2-Row Malting Barley Nitrogen Rate Revision for North DakotaAs the demand of two-row malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) increases, having sound nitrogen (N) recommendations is increasingly necessary. Not only does N play a role in grain yield, but it may also significantly impact grain malting characteristics including protein, plump, and test weight. To determine the impacts N rate and N availability have on two-row malting barley, two experimental sites were established in both Spring 2020 and 2021. The experiments were organized as a rand... D. Franzen, B. Goettl |
297. Advancements in Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizer Recommendations in North Dakota Over the Past 30 YearsBeginning my career at NDSU as Extension Soil Specialist June 13, 1994, I inherited the obligation of periodically revisiting crop nutrient recommendations and determining whether adjustments were needed. The state of the state in 1994 was composite soil sampling, a dominantly wheat-based cropping system, and yield-goal-based fertilizer recommendations. First addressing site-specific soil sampling, I was surprised to find that zone soil sampling was an excellent predictor of residual nitrate ... D. Franzen |
298. Accounting for Nitrogen from Often Overlooked SourcesImproving nitrogen use efficiency has long been a goal of both researchers and producers. With increasing interest and adoption of regenerative agricultural practices, fertility strategies can change from traditional methods. However, changes in strategies are often not considered when adopting new practices. The goal of this presentation is to discuss potential sources of nitrogen that are often overlooked when developing nitrogen management strategies. For example, legume cover crops or rot... P. Delaune |
299. Impact of Tillage, Cover Cropping and Nitrogen Timing on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Texas Southern High Plains CottonCover cropping and no tillage are the most common conversation practices in the Texas Southern High Plains (TSHP) region. However, less than a quarter of cultivated acres in the region utilize these practices. Concerns over cover crop nutrient and water use, yield decline and increased cost are common barriers to adoption for TSHP producers, despite potential benefits such as reduced wind erosion and increased soil organic matter. For these conservation practices to be successful, adjustments... N. Boogades, K. Lewis, M. Mcdonald |
300. Soil N Crediting for Texas Wheat ProductionThe objectives of this research effort were to assess soil N crediting depth and yield-based N fertilizer recommendations across wheat producing regions of Texas. Trials were coordinated among six different regions in 2017, 2018, and/or 2019 for a cumulative 10 site-years (not all sites were represented in all years). Treatments comprised a 6 × 4 factorial with six yield-based N rates (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 lbs N per target bushel) and four N crediting depths (0, 0-6”, 0-12&r... R. Noland |
301. Computerized Fertilizer Application by Soil TypeAs a farmers looks out over a field during the growing season, he usually wants to see a very homogeneous appearance of crop growth. However, he often observes a very heterogeneous appearance of soils and crop yields associated with these soils in this same field while preparing the seed bed and harvesting the crop. Visual observations show that high spots in the fi e l d are lighter in color and often yield less than low spots in the field, which are often darker and higher ... M. Schmitt, W. Walker, D. Fairchild |
302. The Role of Ammonium Nutrition in Higher YieldsA real need exists to increase N fertilizer use efficiency by crops and to determine what soil and plant factors related to available N may limit crop productivity in given environments. ... S. Olsen |
303. Water Conservation Technology for the Southern Great PlainsIrrigation rapidly expanded in the southern Great Plains in the 1940's and 1950's, with most of the water for irrigation being pumped from the Ogallala Aquifer. The aquifer, however, is limited and has l i t t l e recharge; therefore, the water level has declined rapidly in much of the region and some of the once-irrigated land has reverted to dryland farming. Many practices have been developed to use the remaining irrigation water more efficiently and to conserve and use more of the ... P. Unger, O. Jones |
304. Soil Fertility Research - Texas High PlainsMultirate nitrogen and phosphorus field studies were conducted for several years with irrigated wheat, grain sorghum and corn on the major soil types of the Texas High Plains for the purpose of developing soil test correlations for nitrogen and phosphorus. Soil samples were taken prior to fertilizer application in increments of 0-6, 6-12, 12-24, and 24-36 inches. These samples were analyzed for nitrate-N and soil test phosphorus. Regression analyses and analysis of variance were used to test ... A. Onken, D. Nesmith |
305. Ammonium Thiosulfate As a Nitrification and Urease Inhibitor - Present StatusSince most of the author's work on ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) as a nitrification or urease inhibitor has already been published, only an abstract and bibliography are presented here. ... R. Goos |
306. Fertilizer Application with No-till Small Grain Seeding EquipmentSeveral innovative fertilizer application equipment designs have been developed by short line equipment manufacturers for no-till grain drills. The units allow anhydrous application at seeding time offering a new management alternative with potential for reduced production costs. Precise seed-fertilizer placement achieved with these units plus design simplicity make them attractive for adoption in both row crop and suall grain seedings in other production areas. ... C. Fanning, D. Smika |
307. Fertilization of No-till Winter WheatThere is a growing trend towards the use of minimum and no - till production systems for dryland winter wheat in the Western Great Plains Region. More Information is needed regarding management systems to optimize economic return. The proper management of plant nutrients is of main concern to this production system. This research project was initiated in 1983 to provide information concerning N and P fertilizer management. Each year, experiments were conducted at 3 locations over a range of e... D. Westfall, J. Ward |
308. Nitrogen-tillage Interaction for Dryland Wheat in Western NebraskaA tillage experiment was initiated by C.R. Fenster on a previously cultivated Alliance silt loam near Sidney, Nebraska in 1969 in which the effect of no-till, stubble mulch (subtill), and plowed fallow upon soil properties, nitrogen cycling, and winter wheat production were compared. ... J. Power, W. Wilhelm, J. Doran, L. Mielke |
309. Sulfur Fertilization of Wheat in KansasField experiments evaluating in the effects of sulfur fertilization on wheat yields and quality were initiated in 1982 and have continued through 1985. ... R. Lamond, D. Whitney |
310. Nitrogen Interference with P-uptake from Dual N - P BandsSoft wheat seeded at two different dates following fertilizer application indicated that the fertilizer response pattern to dual deep banded N-P fertilizer can be modified by the length of time the bands are allowed to incubate in the soil prior to seeding. Higher rates of nitrogen in freshly applied dual N-P bands can initially interfere with crop uptake of phosphate. The benefit of including a "starter" phosphate application was greater where the dual N-P bands had been recently a... J. Harapiak, N. Flore |
311. Innovative Cropping Systems for SaskatchewanThis paper provides a brief overview of some of the components of the Innovative Acres Program being carried out in Saskatchewan. Initial emphasis of the program has been snow management a s a means of extending rotations through increased soil mois- ture storage. Chemical summerfallow, winter wheat and annual grain legumes have become important components of the rotations being studied in the drier portions of the province, the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones. In the moister areas, Black and... E. Halstead, E. De Jong |
312. Zinc Sources and Their Relative Effectiveness for CropsZinc fertilizers are widely used in the Great Plains region. Choice of Zn source depends upon intended method of application, relative agronomic effective- ness, price per unit of Zn, compatability, and convenience in application alone or with other fertilizer. Relative agronomic effectiveness of Zn sources should be determined by applying several Zn rates throughout the response range in replicated field experiments. Periodic soil tests for available Zn are suggested when Zn deficiency ... J. Mortvedt |
313. Nitrapyrin Effects on Mineral Composition of Irrigated WheatApplication of nitrapyrin affected the plant tissue levels of only a few nutri- fent elements in a given year for a given stage of growth. Nitrapyrin increased the R/(Ca + Mg) rates of wheat only at Feekes Stage 2 in 1983 and did not appear to greatly influence the grass tetany potential of wheat forage during the two years of the study. ... L. Cihacek, S. Nance |
314. Effect of Newly and Previously Applied Nitrogen on Yield and Recovery of Nitrogen by BarleyNitrogen was applied to 4 consecutive crops of barley planted on an Almasippi LFS at MacGregor and Snnowflake CL at Purvis, Manitoba. ... A. Ridley, J. Tokarchuk |
315. Conservation Tillage-crop Production Systems for the Northern Great PlainsConservation tillage (minimum-till and no - till) crop production systems have not been developed for the northern Great Plains. For the most part, the emphasis of previous soil and water conservation research has been on studying two-factor interactions of which tillage and soil fertility, tillage and water conservation, soil fertility and crops, are examples. Recent advances in computer technologies now makes it possible to accommodate analyses for assessing the interaction and signifi... A. Black, A. Bauer |
316. Chloride Research UpdateSpring wheat experiments conducted at 24 sites in eastern South Dakota over a 4-year period resulted in grain yield increases at 10 sites and documented foliar disease suppression at 5 sites. ... P. Fixen |
317. Increasing P Efficiency-residual PTwo cropping systems were studied to determine the effect of different methods of phosphorus (P) fertilizer application on residual P value. In eastern Nebraska on a Pawnee clay loam, grain sorghum yields were significantly higher following P fertilizer that was knifed (dual placed) compared to where fertilizer was either seed applied or broadcast on a previous wheat crop. The knife method of application resulted in a residual value of between 30 and 50% of a new application depending on rate... D. Sander, E. Penas |
318. Rate Limiting Processes of Phytoavailability of Potassium on Montana SoilsThroughout Montana crops have frequently responded to K fertilizers on soils testing high in NH4OAc-extractable K+. ... E. Skogley |
319. Economics of a One-time Phosphorus Fertilizer ApplicationGrain yield and protein data from a soil fertility study initiated in 1967 and continued through 1983, on a Williams loam with a NaHCO3 soil test P level of 6 ppm, was evaluated to determine the potential economic benefits of a one time P fertilizer application under conditions of varying fertilizer N levels. ... A. Halvorson, A. Black |
320. Sampling Soil by Depth for Alfalfa: Its PotentialBayard fine sandy loam, Greyback gravelly loam, and Lost Wells sandy clay loam which receive pH 8.0 irrigation waters were sampled at 30 cm intervals to 90, 120 or 180 cm, respectively one to three years after treatment. ... H. Hough |
321. Phosphorus Economics on Dryland Winter WheatPhosphorus fertilizer trials on dryland wheat were initiated in 1984 on 13 cooperating farms from northern Oklahoma through Western Kansas to eastern Colorado. ... P. Gallagher, J. Armbruster |
322. Nitrogen Fertilizer Management for AlbertaField experiments were conducted in the southern, central, and north-central parts of Alberta to identify inefficiencies in presently used N fertilizing practices and the differences in barley response to methods of N application designed to circumvent these inefficiencies. ... R. Kucey, M. Nyborg, S. Malhi, J. Harapiak |
323. One-pass Pneumatic Fertilizing-seeding with Various N Sources and N RatesFertilizer rate, fertilizer source and spreader type influenced the degree of stand reduction and final yield obtained when spring wheat was planted in a one-pass operation utilizing a pneumatic fertilizing-seeding unit. ... E. Deibert |
324. Fertilizer Placement Effects on Yield and Nutrient Content of Winter Wheat in OklahomaEfficient fertilizer applications are essential to achieve maximum economic yield. ... R. Westerman |
325. Amelioration of Water Repellant Soils and Improving the Production of Calcareous Soils in South Australia - a Farmer ExperienceWe farm 18,000 acres of grain at Lock which is on central Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. The crops grown are wheat, lentils, barley and canola. Crops are estabilished with full residue retention and zero tillage. The soils are duplex sands over clay and other areas of calcareous sands with high pH. The duplex sands tend to be water repellant which often means poor crop establishment and reduced yields. We have developed various techniques and mac... A. Polkinghorne |
326. Post-wheat Summer Cover Crop Effects Crop Yields and Soil Properties in a No-till Dryland Cropping SystemTraditional dryland cropping systems in the semi-arid Great Plains include long fallow periods of up to 14 months to conserve soil moisture. However, such systems are inefficient even under continuous no-till (NT) management. As less water is necessary to produce forage compared to grain, cover crops (CCs) may be successfully integrated into dryland crop rotations for increased soil cover and potentially greater income when hayed or grazed as annual forages. One study was initiated in 2016 ne... L. Simon, A. Obour, J. Holman, S.K. Johnson |
327. Forages and Livestock to Diversify Wheat-based Cropping SystemIntegrating annual forages and ruminant livestock to intensify dryland cropping systems have the potential to increase profitability, increase water use efficiency, and improve soil health. The objective of this study was to determine the crop yield and soil property impacts of intensifying traditional no-till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench)-fallow (W-GS-F) with annual forages as well as integrating livestock. This study was initiat... Z. Carson, A. Obour, J. Holman, K. Roozeboom |
328. Impacts of Crop Management on Grain Yield, Grain Quality, Cover Crop Biomass, Residue Cover, and Residual Nitrogen in Dryland SystemsCrop production depends on interactions among management practices, yet most studies evaluate the effect of individual practices rather than their interaction. This field experiment was established in 2024 at the Kansas State University Harold and Olympia Lonsinger Sustainability Farm (Osborne County, Kansas) to assess how combinations of common practices affect crop productivity and soil properties in a dryland system Treatments were a factorial combination of crop rotations (conti... J. Schwartze, D. Ruiz Diaz, A. Obour, J. Holman, O. Brian, M. Reiman, A. Rosa |
329. Cover Crop Planting Time Effects on Biomass Productivity, Soil Health and Wheat Yield in Dryland SystemsEcosystems benefits of cover crops (CCs) in semi-arid dryland cropping systems are dependent on CC biomass productivity. This study evaluated how CC planting time (spring vs. fall) and fallow management practices [no-tillage (NT) vs. occasional tillage (OT)] influenced CC biomass, surface residue, selected soil health properties and crop yields in within a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench)–fallow (WSF) rotation. The experiment was conducted fr... A. Obour, Z. Carson, P. Akporsoe, L. Simon, J. Holman |
330. Evaluation of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Rhizobium Inoculation to Improve Grain Yield and Quality of Soybean and Dry Bean in Eastern MontanaInterest in production of irrigated soybean and dry bean in eastern Montana’s Lower Yellowstone River Valley increased substantially following the closure of a sugar beet processing facility in Sidney, MT resulting in the need for a replacement crop(s) on 30,000 to 40,000 acres annually. Yields of soybean and dry bean in this region varied significantly from 20 to 80 bu ac-1 in recent growing seasons, indicating a need for improved management practices. However, res... B. Franck, C. Kuester, K. Herhalo, C. Chen |
331. Wheat Zinc Nutrition: Agronomic Biofortification That Delivers Yield and Better Grain NutritionLow Zn availability in calcareous soils is a common issue in the Canadian prairies, where much of the wheat is exported, making Canada one of the world’s largest wheat exporters. Globally, 19% of the population, mostly pregnant women, infants, and children, suffers from Zn deficiency, highlighting the need to enhance Zn bioavailability in wheat grain. Agronomic biofortification offers a promising strategy to improve grain nutrient density while optimizing plant health and development. W... M. Proulx, X. Gao |
332. Phosphorus and Potassium Impacts on Field Crop Production in the Intermountain WestMacronutrients such as phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) are essential nutrients often required in large quantities for optimal plant growth, with fertilizers typically supplementing soil nutrients. Fertilizer recommendations can vary significantly depending on the source and greatly affect crop profitability. Guidelines in Utah and many other states in the region were developed decades ago and need to be reassessed. Current Utah State University (USU) Guidelines identify 15 mg kg... M. Baker, M.A. Yost |
333. Impacts of Nitrogen Rates and Enhanced Efficiency Products on Kansas CottonThe purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect that different nitrogen fertilizer rates and additives have on cotton. Response parameters included seed cotton yield and gin turnout (lint percentage), as well as fiber quality factors such as length, uniformity, micronaire, strength, and color. Nitrogen management is crucial for Kansas cotton, given its indeterminate growth and relatively short growing season. Conducting nitrogen fertilizer studies across environments to develop reg... C. Sohm, D. Ruiz Diaz, L. Simon |
334. Optimizing Nitrogen Inputs in Barley Production in Idaho, Montana, and North DakotaNitrogen (N) management plays a critical role in balancing yield and malting quality of two-row spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown in the Northern Great Plains. In 2025, a field experiment was conducted across seven locations in North Dakota, Montana, and Idaho to evaluate the effect of N fertilizer source on barley yield, protein, and kernel plump. Treatments included the commercially available N sources urea, enhanced efficiency urea, urea ammonium nitrate, calcium ... B. Goettl, . Souza, J. Spackman, J. Jensen |
335. Influence of Nitrogen Management and Precipitation on Sorghum Nitrogen Use EfficiencyGrain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a key crop in Kansas which can benefit from optimized nitrogen (N) management that enhances yield while minimizing N losses. Understanding the relationships among physiological efficiency (PE), recovery efficiency (RE), and agronomic efficiency (AE), as well as their interactions with climatic factors such as precipitation, is essential for improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Experiments were conducted across five rai... M. Platero |
336. Sheep Grazing Preference and Nutrient Cycling Implications Among Cover Crop SpeciesThe vast and interspersed livestock and crop industries of Texas lend opportunity for livestock integration to benefit regional agricultural systems. Texas leads sheep production in the U.S. and small ruminant integration in crop systems has become an appealing opportunity in recent years due to strong meat markets and generally poor commodity crop markets. Many winter cover crops are likely suitable forages, and challenges of nutrient immobilization could be (at least partially) mitigated by... R. Matschek, R. Noland, N. Nielson, J. Thorne, M. Mcculloch |
337. Cover Crop Function and Management Optimization for Semiarid West Texas Cropping SystemsWater-use is a primary concern preventing integration of cover crops in dry climates. Recent research has demonstrated that adequate cover crop residue (with optimal termination timing) is more likely to improve soil water dynamics for the subsequent crop. Regarding cover crop function in West Texas, wheat stubbles as a fallow may offer a cheap and effective solution to prevent wind erosion and facilitate water storage in soil profile. Optimum management practices are likely different t... T. Hussain, R. Noland, R. Matschek, . Delaune, E. Kimura , J. Muir |
338. Seeding Rate and Planting Configuration Affect the Interspecific Function of a Wheat-pea Cover CropCover crop species mixtures have potential to maximize overall biomass as well as net N contribution if temporary immobilization of available N by non-legume species can promote greater N fixation by legumes. The growth and ultimate function of legumes in cover crop species mixtures is often limited, however, by excessive competition with other species, particularly grasses, in the mix. The objective of this work is to iden... N. Nielsen, T. Hussain, R. Matschek, R. Noland, M. Mcculloch |
339. Carbon and Nutrient Cycling in Texas Plains Regenerative CottonClimate change, drought, and economic pressures are likely to put extreme stress on agricultural production in the Texas High Plains, a region responsible for close to a third of the annual US cotton crop, over the next decade. As these threats increase, alternative production practices will need to be adopted to maintain long-term production viability in the region. A shift towards regenerative practice adoption could be a solution to this problem. Conventional cotton production involves int... N. Boogades, C. Cobos, J. Burke, K. Lewis |
340. Evaluating Charging and Inoculating Biochar Derived from Invasive Species Effects on Growth and Yield of Crops and Soil Health in Oxisol and Mollisol SoilsInvasive species like Leucaena are taking over arable-lands in Hawaii. Producing biochar using the invasive species can help with invasive species eradication, reclaiming arable-land, producing high-quality soil amendment, and improving soil health/crop productivity. Biochar is a carbon-rich amendment but it is still unclear whether biochar should be inoculated/charged before applying ... S. Meaney, A. Ahmad |
341. Plant Tissue Analysis: Do the Numbers Make Sense?Plant tissue analysis is a widely used nutrient management and diagnostic tool. Plant tissue nutrient concentrations are affected by many factors, including soil nutrient status, weather, and others. The interpretation of sufficiency/deficiency ranges in tissue samples helps to determine if growth problems are due to potential nutrient deficiencies or to other causes. Results of an individual analysis are only a one-time “snapshot” within a season-long time-frame. We conduct... F. Vocasek, S. Harrold |
342. Defining Critical Tissue-Potassium Concentrations for Furrow Irrigated Corn ProductionPotassium (K) is a critical nutrient for adequate corn (Zea mays L.) production, and tissue testing is an essential tool to ensure adequate K nutrition. Despite the important role of K in plant physiological functions, there are no calibrated critical tissue-K concentrations (TKc) for furrow-irrigated corn in Arkansas. This study aimed to define critical TKc values to maximize corn grain yield across different growth stages. From 2022 to 2024, twelve single-site-year and four long-te... J. Silva, G. Drescher, T. Roberts, J. Kelley, A. Smartt, Q. Sarfaraz, W. Rongey, G. Andrade Leite Mengez, M. Ramos Do Prado |
343. Long-term Effects of Cover Cropping and Potassium and Phosphorus Fertilization on Soil Test Results in a Row Crop Production SystemPotassium (K) and phosphorus (P) availability can be affected by fertilizer inputs and the use of cover crops (CC) through their effects on nutrient cycling. This study aims to evaluate the long-term effects of CC and fertilizer-P and -K applications on soil-test K (STK) and soil-test P (STP) in two long-term field-scale experiments. Field trials were established in 2017 on silt-loam soils at the Lon Mann Cotton Research Station (LMCRS) and at the Rohwer Research Station (RRS), Arkansas. Each... J. Silva, G. Drescher, T. Roberts, N. Slaton, A. Smartt, Q. Sarfaraz, G. Andrade Leite Mengez, M. Ramos Do Prado |
344. Season-long Tools for Effective Potassium Management in Arkansas Cotton ProductionKnowledge of how accurately soil testing and plant analysis identify nutrient-deficient soils and recommend the proper fertilizer rate is important to ensure farmers are profitable. However, critical tissue-potassium (K) concentrations have not been established for modern high-yielding cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars currently grown across the U.S. cotton belt. Likewise, limited research has investigated the window of opportunity to correct K-deficient cotton with in-season ... G. Drescher, T. Roberts, M. Popp, N. Slaton, M. Ramos Do Prado, A. Smartt, Q. Sarfaraz, G. Andrade Leite Mengez |
345. Drivers of Response to Potassium Fertilizer in Soybean ProductionDrivers of response to Potassium Fertilizer in Soybean Production ... S. Akin, B. Arnall |
346. Monitoring Nitrogen Transformations and Their Interaction with Potassium Uptake in Cotton Production SystemsUnderstanding the temporal dynamics of soil nitrogen (N) is critical for optimizing nutrient management in cotton production. This research monitored soil N transformations, specifically ammonium (NH₄⁺) and nitrate (NO₃⁻), throughout the cotton growing season. An additional focus was also placed on interactions between soil N forms and the uptake of essential plant nutrients, particularly potassium (K). Soil samples were collected at multiple depths and time points across different ma... J. Derrick, B. Arnall, N. Mathey, B. Oliveira Liberato, C. Camacho |
347. Different Sources and Rates of Nitrogen Fertilizers Influence Carbon Mineralization, Nitrogen Cycling and Soil pH of Two Major Soil Series of Texas High PlainsNitrogen is regarded as the most limiting factor in agricultural production because of its complex transformation, low uptake efficiency and multiple loss pathways. Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers is practiced for agricultural production in Texas High Plains which impacts soil health in long run. With distinct soil types that run through the region, appropriate guide on fertilization is crucial, however, the information is still lacking. Hence, this study aims to investigate how d... A. Kafle, K. Lewis, D. Clarke |
348. Genotypic Variation in Winter Wheat Yield Components Response to Nitrogen Management and Seeding DensityAchieving optimal winter wheat grain yield requires understanding genotypic variations in yield component formation under nitrogen (N) application timing and seeding density management strategies. This study evaluated whether modern winter wheat genotypes exhibit differential yield formation pathways under varying N timing and seeding rate conditions, and whether reducing N rates while increasing seeding density (or vice versa) could maintain yields while reducing input costs. Additionally, w... S. Abiola, A. Silva, S. Phillips, P.R. Abiola, B. Arnall |
349. Nitrogen and Sulfur Interaction in Corn Production- Multi-state StudyMulti-state effort to better understand the impact of sulfure fertilization on nitrogen response curve in corn production. Over 30 site years harvested in 2025. ... B. Arnall, V. Reed, T. Roberts, R. Roth , K. Steinke, J. Jones, D. Quinn |
350. Short-Term Changes in Soil Properties Following Simulated Wildfire After Winter Wheat HarvestWildfires on croplands can destroy residue cover, soil organic matter and negatively impact crops yields in semi-arid Great. Approximately 16 acre field of winter wheat stubble was subjected to wildfire event at Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center near Hays, KS to study management strategies that can restore soil health in croplands impacted by wildfires. Control burning to stimulated wildfire was done in summer 2025 by igniting fire on a down-wind corner at the i... P. Akporsoe, A. Obour, J. Holman, K. Harmoney, Z. Carson, L. Simon, D. Ruiz Diaz |
351. Carbon & Nitrogen Transformation in Soil After Biosolids or Inorganic Fertilizer ApplicationBiosolids are nutrient rich organic residues which could be a potential alternative to conventional fertilizers. However, their C and N mineralization rates vary depending on treatment processes and soil properties. A laboratory incubation was carried out to evaluate C and N dynamics in contrasting soils by quantifying gaseous losses and assessing N transformations between organic and inorganic pools. Soils collected from Texas (sandy clay loam, pH: 8.4) and Florida (sandy loam, pH: 7.6) were... S. Bhatta, L. Slaughter, M. Siebecker, J. Adjei, K. Lewis, O. Gecgel, C. Alvarez-pugliese, K. Millerick, B. Rao, O. Mbuya, G.G. Botte |
352. Assessment of Microalgae Amendments on Soil Nutrient Dynamics and Cotton Productivity Under Limited Irrigation in Texas High PlainsTexas High Plains (THP) is a major cotton producing region of Texas. However, declining soil fertility and increasing risk of crop yield penalties associated with extreme weather patterns and low organic input have raised concern in sustainability of farmlands in this region. Micro-algae amendment is relatively new and emerging farm practice in crop production which is getting attention due to its ability to stimulate soil health and enhance crop productivity. There are no prior records on mi... A. Kafle, K. Lewis, J. Burke, H. Nakabuye, M. Jonhson |
353. Root-Restrictive Layer Depth As a Driver of Crop Yield VariabilityEvery soil possesses unique features shaped by its genesis-factors such as parent material, climate, topography, native vegetation and time. Interactions among geological and pedological factors contribute to spatially variable soil attributes causing variability in crop yield. Root-restrictive subsurface layers are formed at varying depths in soil due to interactions among the geological and natural soil-forming factors, and sometimes due to anthropogenic causes including compaction due to h... I. Kaur, S. Phillips |
354. Nitrogen Management in Double Crop CornIn recent years, Oklahoma producers have started embracing double crop (DC) corn systems, an approach which allows for two harvest within a single growing season by planting corn,typically in July, immediately following the harvest winter wheat. However, due to the late planting date and dependence on environmental conditions, DC corn often shows highly variable yields. In conventional full season corn systems, it is generally estimated that each additional megagram (Mg) of grain yield requir... B. Arnall, E. Staton |
355. Raw Manure Applications Combined with Nitrogen Stabilizers to Increase Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency in Cotton Production SystemsThe Texas Southern High Plains is one of the most productive cotton-growing regions in the United States. This region is also characterized by a high density of cattle production, resulting in substantial quantities of manure that present an opportunity for integration into regional cotton nutrient management programs. Cotton production in this area is challenged by inherently low soil organic matter and low precipitation. Application of raw cattle manure has the potential to increa... N. E Curbelo, K. Lewis |
356. Maize Response to Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilization RatesDue to reduced atmospheric deposition and advancements in agronomic management, sulfur (S) deficiency has become an increasing concern in maize production systems. Because S plays a fundamental role in nitrogen (N) metabolism, S availability may influence maize yield response to N fertilization. This study evaluated maize response to N and S fertilization rates across six locations in Oklahoma. Field experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design with 14 treatments and fo... N. Mathey, J. Derrick, B. Arnall |
357. Evaluating the Existing Calibration Curve for Sensor-Based N Management in Grain SorghumNitrogen (N) response in grain sorghum is spatially and temporally variable, complicating estimation of optimum N rates and limiting the effectiveness of uniform fertilizer recommendations. This study evaluated within-field and year-to-year variability in N response using block-level response modeling and soil variability analysis. Field experiments were conducted in Stillwater, Oklahoma, during the 2024 and 2025 growing seasons using six N fertilizer rates (0,39, 79, 118, 157, and 196 kg N h... D. Pokharel |
358. Evaluating Side-Dress N Application Method in SorghumGrain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a resilient cereal crop widely grown across the Great Plains, where nitrogen (N) management decisions are often constrained by equipment availability and application timing. While in-season N applications may improve flexibility for producers, concerns remain regarding potential leaf injury (“nitrogen burn”) from high-rate applications. This study evaluated the effects of N source and app... B. Arnall, C. Camacho |
359. Does Phosphorus and Potassium Timing or Rate Drive Productivity in Oklahoma Wheat-soybean Double-cropping?Wheat-soybean double cropping is an economically important system in Oklahoma and the Southern Great Plains that allows producers to maximize land productivity and profitability within a single growing season. However, the compressed soybean growing season and high nutrient demand of both crops create unique phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) management challenges not addressed by Oklahoma’s full-season recommendation. This study evaluated the effects of P and K application timing (fall, ... C. Ejezie, S. Phillips |
360. How Do Nitrogen, Irrigation, and Seeding Density Affect Corn Production?This study investigates how multispectral and thermal UAV imagery can refine nitrogen and irrigation management in a corn experiment consisting of 107 plots in the Oklahoma Panhandle. Four nitrogen rates (0, 100, 175, 250 lb N acre⁻¹), three irrigation regimes (16, 20, 24 inches), and three plant population targets (24 k, 28 k, 32 k plants acre⁻¹) are factorially arranged as a split-plot design across the field. Six UAV flights during the growing season acquire paired multispect... A. Biaou, A. Biaou |
361. Evaluating the Profitability of Nitrogen Management Strategies to Increase Yield in Regenerative Cotton Production SystemsSoil health management practices, such as cover crops and no-till systems, are common in semi-arid cropping systems to reduce wind erosion. However, implementing these practices can also lower cotton yield. As a result, cotton production using no-till and cover crop systems in semi-arid environments tends to be less profitable than conventional systems, despite lower costs from fewer tillage operations during the growing season. For these soil health practices to be economically sustainable i... A. Wright, J. Burke, K. Lewis, W. Keeling, W. Keeling |
362. Optimization of Zinc Fertilizer in CottonSemi-arid environments often face many weather-related challenges while overcoming the issues associated with an elevated soil pH (> 7.5). Zinc availability can become more limited as soil pH increases, possibly reducing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production. Zinc is an essential micronutrient for cotton and is important from the seedling stage to boll and fiber formation. Because of the many reactions reducing zinc availability in soil, fertilizer source, and application time and method ... K. Lewis, J. Alford |
363. Nutrient Uptake Variability of Modern Cotton CultivarsCotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is one of the most economically important crops in Texas, generating more than $3B in annual revenue. Since the development of transgenic cotton cultivars in the early 2000s, cotton yield potential has increased. Despite these advances, little is known about the nutrient uptake and partitioning patterns of these different cultivars. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutrient uptake and partitioning patterns of five modern cotton cultivars grown under th... J. Burke, K. Lewis |
364. Using Theory and Experiments to Understand Plant Physiological Responses to Nutrient AvailabilityFor decades, quantitative theory has been developed to understand plant physiological responses to shifting environmental conditions. However, this theory has primarily focused on responses to aboveground conditions. My group has been working on extending this theory below ground, with an explicit focus on plant-nutrient relations. In this presentation, I will discuss the theoretical developments that we have made. I will also present results from experiments designed to test the theory and s... N. Smith |
365. Nitrogen Management in Texas Corn Using UAV-based Multispectral ImagingEfficient nitrogen (N) management is essential for maximizing corn yield while reducing environmental impacts. Over-application of fertilizers during early crop stages leads to atmospheric N losses, resulting in economic inefficiency and increased pollution. Traditional, generalized N fertilizer recommendations often fail to capture the complexity of soil systems and are inadequate for synchronizing N supply with crop demand. Fluctuating fertilizer prices and low N use efficiency further unde... G. Baath |
366. Stacking Regenerative Agricultural Practices Under Irrigated Forage ProductionIncorporation of forage production into producer landscapes is an opportunity to hedge economic risk and increase yield stability. Regenerative agricultural management practices that also reduce N fertilizer and pest control costs, recycle nutrients, and preserve and capture precipitation are needed in semi-arid regions. There is little information on how the combination of regenerative practices such as no-tillage (NT) and cover crops will influence the timing and effect (e.g., additive... C.E. Stewart, D.K. Manter, S. Del Grosso, G. Miner, P. Kleinman |
367. Managing High-pH Soils: Restoring Nutrient Function with Polysulphate and Acidic Phosphate FertilizersHigh soil pH often reflects the active consumption of hydrogen ions (H⁺) by carbonates and bicarbonates, which suppresses calcium solubility and reduces the availability of phosphorus, potassium, and key micronutrients. These limitations are driven by soil chemistry rather than true nutrient deficiency, restricting nutrient mobility and root access. This presentation will examine Polysulphate® as a functional calcium and sulfate source that improves system efficiency. In addition, ... A. Foster, J. Hagele, T. Donoho, D. Tollefson |
368. The Past, Present, and Future of Soil TestingA keynote adress from Dr. Ray Ward, Founder of Ward Laboratories, Inc. ... R. Ward |
369. Evaluation of E-Grow Effects on Soil Plant Systems Gas ExchangeE-Grow is a novel fertilizer which effect on the soil- plant system is critical for understanding it’s impact on the crop productivity and environmental sustainability in agricultural operations that will be crucial for updating nutrient application recommendations, to understand this we conducted an experiment with the main objective of this study is to determine the effect of E-Grow on CO2 and H2O fluxes in agricultural soil and soil- cotton plant systems (seedling stage). This experi... V. Sabbineni, E. Enninful, S. Jacobo, O. Gecgel, G.G. Botte, H. Laza, C. Simpson, L. Slaughter, Y. Emendack |